F-35 ku Poland

Chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa LoA, womwe unayambitsidwa ndi mbali yaku Poland pa Januware 31, 2020, mu 2030 gulu lankhondo la Polish Air Force lidzakhala ndi magulu asanu omwe ali ndi ndege zamagulu osiyanasiyana zopangidwa ndi bungwe la America Lockheed Martin.

Pa Januware 31, "kusaina" kwa mgwirizano wapakati pa maboma ogulidwa ndi Poland 32 Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II ndege zolimbana ndi ntchito zambiri zidachitika ku Military Aviation Academy ku Deblin, yomwe idalengezedwa kwakanthawi ndi Minister of National Defense Mariusz Blaszczak. Chochitikacho chidakongoletsedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa, mwa ena, Purezidenti wa Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, Minister of Defense Mariusz Blaszczak ndi Chief of the General Staff of the Poland Armed Forces General Raimund Andrzejczak. Kazembe wa US ku Poland Georgette Mosbacher analiponso.

Kufunika kolimbikitsa kusintha kwamakono ndi kusintha mibadwo ya zida za Air Force zakhala zikukambidwa kuyambira kusaina pa April 18, 2003 mgwirizano womwe umafotokoza za kugula kwa 48 Lockheed Martin F-16C / D Block 52+ Jastrząb maulendo angapo ndege. ndege zolimbana. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa lingaliro logulira mtundu wina wa ndege ndi njira yopezera izo, komanso zinthu zachuma zomwe zinapangidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi akuluakulu a ndale, chisankho chogula gulu lotsatira la ndege zopangidwa ndi Kumadzulo chinaimitsidwa. Kukhalabe ndi kuthekera kolimbana ndi ndege kunasankhidwa ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa ndege za Su-22 ndi MiG-29. Inatengedwa ndi makampani a chitetezo cha dziko - Air Force Institute of Technology ku Warsaw ndi Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze nr 2 SA ku Bydgoszcz. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pozindikira kuti moyo wautumiki wa magalimoto omenyera nkhondo opangidwa ndi Soviet watsala pang'ono kutha, kupendekera kwa kugula ndege zatsopano zamagulu osiyanasiyana kudayambikanso, kutsamira makina a 5th F-35. Komabe, mwachiwonekere, F-35 ikanagulidwa zaka zingapo pambuyo pake ngati sizinali za "mndandanda wakuda" wa ngozi za MiG-29, zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi moto pa ndege ya Malbork pa June 11, 2016. Chifukwa cha izi zochitika, ndege zinayi zinawonongeka kapena zowonongeka kwambiri, ndipo woyendetsa ndege wa mmodzi wa iwo anamwalira pa July 6, 2018 pafupi ndi Paslenok.

Pa Novembara 23, 2017, a Armaments Inspectorate of the Ministry of National Defense (ID) adafalitsa zidziwitso zakuyambika kwa kusanthula kwa msika m'mapulojekiti "Kukulitsa kuthekera kokwaniritsa ntchito zomwe zili mkati mwa njira yomenyera nkhondo yolimbana ndi zida zamlengalenga ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza. ntchito zomwe zimagwiridwa kuti zithandizire pamtunda, nyanja ndi ntchito zapadera - Multi-Role Combat Aircraft." ndi "Kutheka kwa jamming yamagetsi kuchokera mumlengalenga." Ngakhale kuti sanagwiritse ntchito dzina la code Harpia, lomwe linawonekera poyamba pa ndondomeko yogulira ndege yatsopano yamitundu yambiri, zinali zoonekeratu kwa aliyense kuti zolengeza za IU zinali zokhudzana ndi pulogalamuyi. Opanga achidwi adatumiza mafomu awo mpaka Disembala 18, 2017. Zotsatira zake, Saab Defense and Security, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Boeing Company, Leonardo SpA ndi Fights On Logistics Sp. z oo Kupatula kampani yotsiriza, makampani otsalawo ndi opanga odziwika bwino a omenyera magulu ambiri, makamaka zitsanzo za mibadwo 4,5. Lockheed Martin yekha ndi amene akanatha kupereka m'badwo wachisanu F-5 Lightning II. Ndi chizindikiro kuti kampani ya ku France ya Dassault Aviation, yopanga asilikali a Rafale, inalibe gululi. Chimodzi mwazifukwa za kujomba kumeneku ndikuzizira kwa mgwirizano wankhondo ndiukadaulo pakati pa Warsaw ndi Paris, zomwe zidachitika makamaka, ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku 35 kugulidwa kwa ma helikopita a Airbus H2016M Caracal. Kapena kungoti Dassault Aviation idawunikidwa moyenera kuti nthenda yotheka ingakhale njira yapa facade.

Kukhalapo kwa andale ofunikira kwambiri ku Poland ku Deblin kunatsimikizira kufunikira kwa mwambo wa Januware 31 komanso kufunika kogula F-35A ya Air Force. Pachithunzichi, pamodzi ndi Georgette Mosbacher ndi Mariusz Blaszczak, Purezidenti wa Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda ndi Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki.

The Plan for the Technical Modernization of the Polish Armed Forces kwa zaka 28-2019 (PMT 2017-2026), yomwe idaperekedwa pa February 2017, 2026, imalemba zopezeka 32 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zankhondo, zomwe zimatchedwa. Mbadwo wa 5, womwe udzathandizidwa ndi F-16C / D Jastrząb yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa. Ntchito yatsopanoyi iyenera: kugwira ntchito m'malo odzaza ndi chitetezo cha mpweya, kukhala ogwirizana kwathunthu ndi ndege zogwirizanitsa ndikutha kutumiza deta yolandilidwa mu nthawi yeniyeni. Zolemba zotere zikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti F-35A, yomwe idakwezedwa ngati galimoto yokhayo ya 5th yomwe ikupezeka Kumadzulo, ingagulidwe kokha kudzera munjira yogulitsa zankhondo zakunja zaku US. Malingaliro awa adatsimikiziridwa pa Marichi 12 ndi Purezidenti Duda, yemwe, poyankhulana ndi wailesi, adalengeza za kuyamba kwa zokambirana ndi mbali yaku America pankhani yogula magalimoto a F-35. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngozi ya MiG-29 itangochitika pa Marichi 4, 2019, Purezidenti ndi National Security Service adalengeza za kuyambiranso kwa kugula kwa Harpies, monga momwe zidachitikira a Hawks - chochitika chapadera. kukhazikitsa ndalama za pulogalamuyi kunja kwa bajeti ya Unduna wa Maphunziro ndi Sayansi. Pamapeto pake, lingalirolo silinavomerezedwe, ndipo ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo wokha womwe umayenera kugula. Zinthu zidakhazikika m'masiku otsatira a Marichi, kungowonjezeranso ndale pa 4 Epulo. Tsiku limenelo, pamkangano ku US Congress, wad. Matthias W. "Mat" Winter, mkulu wa ofesi ya pulogalamu ya F-35 (yotchedwa Joint Program Office, JPO) ku Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo ku United States, adalengeza kuti bungwe la federal likulingalira zovomereza kugulitsa mapangidwe ku mayiko ena anayi a ku Ulaya. : Spain, Greece, Romania ndi… Poland. Ponena za chidziwitsochi, Mtumiki Blaszczak anawonjezera kuti ndondomeko ya zachuma ndi malamulo ogula "ndege zosachepera 32 5th generation" ikukonzedwa. Mbali yaku Poland yayesetsa kuchepetsa njira zololeza kugula, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofulumizitsa zokambirana. M'masabata otsatira, kutentha kozungulira F-35 "kutsika" kachiwiri, kuyambiranso mu Meyi. Masiku awiri akuwoneka ngati ofunika - Meyi 16 ndi 28. Pa Meyi 16, mkangano unachitika mu Komiti Yachitetezo cha Nyumba Yamalamulo, pomwe Wojciech Skurkiewicz, Secretary State of the Ministry of National Defense, adadziwitsa akuluakulu za chisankho chenicheni cha ndege ya 5th (ie F-35A). kwa magulu awiri a Air Force. Kugulidwa kwa zida zoyamba kumaphatikizidwa mu PMT 2017-2026, ndipo yachiwiri - munthawi yokonzekera. Pozindikira kugulidwa ngati kufunikira kwachangu pantchito, njira yopitilira mpikisano ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kenako, pa Meyi 28, Nduna Blaszczak adalengeza kuti dipatimenti yoona zachitetezo cha dziko idatumiza Letter of Request (LoR) ku United States ponena za chilolezo chogulitsa 32 F-35As ndi mikhalidwe yake. Zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi nduna zikuwonetsa kuti LoR, kuwonjezera pa kugula ndegeyo yokha, imaphatikizapo phukusi lazinthu ndi maphunziro, ndiko kuti, ndondomeko yokhazikika pa nkhani ya njira ya FMS. Kutumiza LoR kudakhala njira yovomerezeka ku mbali ya US, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti bungwe la Defense and Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) lifalitse pempho lotumiza kunja pa Seputembara 11, 2019. Taphunzira kuti Poland ikufuna kugula 32 F-35As ndi injini imodzi yotsalira ya Pratt Whitney F135. Kuphatikiza apo, mayendedwe okhazikika ndi chithandizo chophunzitsira chikuphatikizidwa mu phukusi. Anthu aku America adayika mtengo wapamwamba wa phukusili pa $ 6,5 biliyoni.

Pakadali pano, pa Okutobala 10, 2019, Plan for the Technical Modernization of the Polish Armed Forces for 2021-2035 idavomerezedwa, yomwe, chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali, idapereka kale kugulidwa kwa 5th generation multipurpose vehicles for two squadrons.

Monga tidaphunzirira masiku angapo mwambowu usanachitike ku Deblin, pomwe mbali yaku Poland idayambitsa mgwirizano wa Letter of Acceptance (LoA), womwe udasainidwa kale ndi oimira boma la US, pamapeto pake, mtengo wa phukusi panthawi ya zokambirana unachepetsedwa. mpaka 4,6, 17 biliyoni US madola, mwachitsanzo za 572 biliyoni 35 miliyoni zlo. F-87,3A imodzi ikuyembekezeka kuwononga $2,8 miliyoni. Ziyenera kutsindika kuti izi ndizo zomwe zimatchedwa mtengo wa flyaway, i.e. ndalama zochepera zomwe wopanga amapanga popereka chowongolera ndi injini, zomwe sizitanthauza kuti wogula alandila ndegeyo itakonzeka kugwira ntchito, komanso makamaka kumenya nkhondo. Poland idzalipira $ 61 biliyoni pa ndege ndi injini zawo, zomwe ndi pafupifupi 35% ya mtengo wonse wa mgwirizano. Mtengo wophunzitsira anthu oyendetsa ndege komanso akatswiri aukadaulo ukuyembekezeka kufika $XNUMX miliyoni.

Kuchepetsa mtengo kunapezedwa, mwa zina, chifukwa cha kukana kubwezera zonse kapena gawo la ndalama zogulira kudzera mu offset. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo, kukana kokhako kumapulumutsa pafupifupi $ 1,1 biliyoni. Komabe, titha kuyembekezera kuti Lockheed Martin ndi ogwira nawo ntchito m'mafakitale apanga mgwirizano ndi makampani achitetezo aku Poland ndi ndege, zomwe zidaperekedwa posaina mgwirizano wa mgwirizano pakati pa Lockheed Martin Corp. ndi Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa SA. pakukula kwa luso la Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze No. 2 SA ku Bydgoszcz pantchito yokonza ndege za C-130 Hercules ndi omenyera magulu a F-16.

Kuchuluka kwa madola mabiliyoni a 4,6 a US ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali, pamene zida zogulidwa zimadutsa malire a Poland, ziyenera kulipira VAT. Malinga ndi mawerengedwe a Ministry of National Defense, ndalama zomaliza zidzawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi PLN 3 biliyoni, kufika pamlingo wa PLN 20,7 biliyoni (pamtengo wosinthanitsa wa dola ya US pa tsiku losaina mgwirizano). Zolipira zonse pansi pa mgwirizano wa LoA ziyenera kupangidwa mu 2020-2030.

Pazambiri zoperekedwa kwa anthu ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo, zimadziwika kuti Polish F-35A idzatuluka m'tsogolomu ndipo idzayimira mtundu wa block 4, womwe ukupitilizabe. Poland idzakhalanso yachiwiri. - pambuyo pa Norway - wogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto a F-35. omwe adzakhala ndi zida za parachute zomwe zimafupikitsa kutulutsa (F-35A ilibe mwachisawawa). Mogwirizana ndi zomwe zili mumgwirizanowu, pakutsimikizika kwake zosintha zonse (makamaka mapulogalamu) zoyambitsidwa mosalekeza pazotsatira zopanga zidzakwaniritsidwa pamakina omwe adaperekedwa kale.

F-35A yoyamba ya Air Force iyenera kuperekedwa mu 2024 ndipo kumayambiriro kwa utumiki wawo, komanso gawo la ndege zomwe zakonzedwa kuti ziperekedwe mu 2025 (zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi) zidzakhazikitsidwa ku United States kuti ziphunzire oyendetsa ndege komanso kuthandizira pansi - malinga ndi mgwirizanowu, aku America adzaphunzitsa oyendetsa ndege a 24 (kuphatikizapo angapo mpaka mlingo wa aphunzitsi) ndi akatswiri a 90. Adzagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazachitukuko. Tsiku lomalizali likutanthauza kuti anthu aku America sangasamutsire ku Poland mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya Block 3F yomwe idapangidwa kale ku Turkey, yomwe ikuyenera kumangidwanso kuti igwirizane ndi mulingo wa Block 4, womwe pakali pano wasinthidwa ndikudikirira tsogolo lawo. Chakumapeto kwa chaka chatha, atolankhani amalingalira za tsogolo lawo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ndegezi zitha kupita ku Poland kapena ku Netherlands (zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuonjezera dongosolo lake lapano mpaka mayunitsi 37).