Kodi palafini ali ndi nambala ya octane?

Mafuta octane ndi ntchito yake

Chiwerengero cha octane ndi chiyeso cha momwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito. Imayesedwa poyerekezera ndi isooctane yoyera, yomwe imapatsidwa mtengo wokhazikika wa 100. Kukwera kwa mlingo wa octane, m'pamenenso kupanikizika kumafunika kuti mafuta awonongeke.

Kumbali inayi, octane si mlingo wokhawo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mafuta malinga ndi zomwe zimatsutsana ndi kugogoda, komanso moyo weniweni wa paraffinic hydrocarbon. Fomula yake ili pafupi ndi C₈H₁₈. Octane wamba ndi madzi opanda mtundu omwe amapezeka mumafuta otentha pafupifupi 124,6⁰C.

Ochiritsira mafuta ndi (ngati ife kusaganizira chikoka cha Mowa chigawo chimodzi) chisakanizo cha ma hydrocarbon angapo. Chifukwa chake, nambala ya octane imawerengedwa ngati nambala ya ma atomu a octane mu molekyulu yamafuta.

Kodi zonsezi ndizoona palafini ngati mafuta?

Kutsutsana kwa mfundo zina ndi zotsutsana

Ngakhale kuti ndi chiyambi chodziwika komanso kufanana kwa mankhwala, palafini amasiyana kwambiri ndi mafuta kuchokera ku physicochemical view. Kusiyana kwake kuli motere:

1. Mwaukadaulo, palafini iliyonse ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mafuta a dizilo, omwe, monga mukudziwa, amadziwika ndi nambala ya cetane. Choncho, palafini angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu injini dizilo mkombero, amene amadalira mowiriza detonation wa mafuta opanikizika. Palafini sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini oyatsira mkati, kupatula ndege zazing'ono za pistoni.
2. Kuwala kwa palafini kumasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu, kotero mikhalidwe yoyatsira mu injini idzakhalanso yosiyana.

3. Mabuku ena akale komanso mabuku ofotokozera amapereka zomwe zimatchedwa manambala a octane amafuta a dizilo. Mtengo wawo ndi 15…25. Izi ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi mafuta, koma muyenera kuganizira kuti mafuta a dizilo amawotchedwa mumtundu wina wa injini. Dizilo imakhala ndi kusinthasintha kochepa, kukana kugunda kochepa, komanso nthawi yomweyo mphamvu yayikulu pa voliyumu ya unit.
4. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa petulo ndi palafini ndikuti palafini kwenikweni ndi osakaniza amitundu yambiri kapena nthambi ya alkane hydrocarbon, yomwe palibe yomwe ili ndi zomangira ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kumbali yake, octane ndi imodzi mwamagulu a alkane a hydrocarbons, ndipo ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafuta. Choncho, zinali zotheka kudziwa octane nambala ya palafini pokhapokha mutalekanitsa alkane hydrocarbon wina ndi mzake.

Momwe mungadziwire mphamvu ya palafini ngati mafuta?

Mulimonsemo, osati ponena za nambala ya octane: kulibe palafini. Zoyesera zambiri zomwe zidachitika mu labotale, osati m'mafakitale, zidapereka kusiyana kwakukulu pazotsatira zomaliza. Izi zikufotokozedwa motere. Panthawi yothira mafuta osakanizidwa, kachigawo kapakati pakati pa mafuta ndi palafini amapangidwa, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa naphtha kapena naphtha. Naphtha yaiwisi ndiyosayenera kuphatikiza ndi mafuta, chifukwa imachepetsa nambala ya octane. Naphtha siyeneranso kusakaniza ndi palafini chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa kulingalira kwa magwiridwe antchito, imachepetsa kung'anima. Chifukwa chake, naphtha nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kusintha kwa nthunzi kuti ipange mpweya wamafuta kapena gasi wophatikizira. Zogulitsa za distillation panthawi yopanga palafini zimatha kukhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, omwe samakhala nthawi zonse ngakhale mumtolo womwewo wamafuta.

Pomaliza, tikuona kuti palafini ndege TS-1 ntchito ngati mafuta ndege ndege. Injini ya jet ndi turbine ya gasi pomwe kuyaka kumapitilira muchipinda choyaka. Izi zimasiyanitsa injini zotere ndi injini za dizilo kapena mafuta, pomwe kuyatsa kumachitika pamlingo wofunikira mumayendedwe a thermodynamic. Palafini wotere, ndikoyeneranso kuwerengera nambala ya cetane, osati nambala ya octane.

Chifukwa chake, palafini palibe, ndipo sizingakhale, analogue yokhala ndi nambala ya octane ya mafuta.

NUMBER YA OCTANE Ndi chiyani?