Nthawi ya matanki achilendo

Nthawi ya matanki achilendo

Akasinja oyambirira olembedwa Mark I anagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo mu 1916 ndi a British pa Nkhondo ya Somme kuthandizira asilikali oyenda pansi. Kuukira koyamba kwakukulu kwa thanki kunachitika pa Nkhondo ya Cambrai mu 1917. Pamwambo wokumbukira zaka XNUMX za zochitika izi, ndiroleni ndiwonetsere mwachidule mitundu yodziwika bwino ya akasinja - mapangidwe apadera komanso odabwitsa.

Magalimoto enieni okhala ndi zida anali magalimoto okhala ndi zida omwe adapangidwa zaka khumi zoyambirira zazaka za zana la XNUMX, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mfuti yamakina kapena mizinga yopepuka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pa magalimoto akuluakulu ndi olemera, chiwerengero cha zida ndi zida zinawonjezeka. Panthawiyo, iwo anali othamanga komanso oteteza bwino ogwira ntchito ku mfuti ndi mabomba. Komabe, anali ndi vuto lalikulu: amagwira ntchito movutikira kapena sanagwire ntchito konse.

m'misewu yamiyala...

Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, kuyambira chakumapeto kwa 1914 ku Great Britain, anthu anayesa kutsimikizira akuluakulu a British War Office kuti akufunika kumanga magalimoto omenyera nkhondo okhala ndi zida zozikidwa pa mathirakitala a ulimi wa mbozi. Kuyesera koyamba kotereku kunachitika mu 1911 (ndi Austrian Günter Burstyn ndi Lancelot de Molay wa ku Australia), koma sanazindikiridwe ndi ochita zisankho. Komabe, nthawiyi, idagwira ntchito, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, a British, Lieutenant Colonel Ernest Swinton, Major Walter Gordon Wilson ndi William Tritton, adapanga ndi kumanga chitsanzo cha tanki ya Little Willie (Little Willie), ndi ntchito zomwezo - kuti adzibisire. Iwo - adabisidwa pansi pa code name Tank. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'zilankhulo zambiri pofotokoza thanki.

Panjira ya kusinthika kwa lingalirolo mpaka Januware 1916, ma prototypes a akasinja odziwika bwino amtundu wa diamondi Mark I (Big Willie, Big Willy) adamangidwa ndikuyesedwa bwino. Iwo anali oyamba kutenga nawo mbali pa Nkhondo ya Somme mu September 1916, ndipo anakhalanso chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za kutenga nawo mbali kwa Britain mu Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse. Akasinja a Mark I ndi omwe adalowa m'malo awo adapangidwa m'mitundu iwiri: "mwamuna" (Mwamuna), wokhala ndi mizinga 2 ndi mfuti 3 zamakina (2 × 57 mm ndi 3 x 8 mm Hotchkiss) ndi "mkazi" (Wamkazi), wokhala ndi zida 5. mfuti zamakina (1 x 8 mm Hotchkiss ndi 4 x 7,7 mm Vickers), koma m'matembenuzidwe otsatirawa, tsatanetsatane wa zida zasintha.

Mitundu ya Mark I inali ndi kulemera kophatikizana kwa matani 27 ndi 28, motsatana; mawonekedwe awo anali ang'onoang'ono hulu, yoyimitsidwa pakati pa nyumba zazikulu zooneka ngati diamondi zokhala ndi zida zankhondo m'mbali mwake, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi mbozi. Zida zowonongeka zinali 6 mpaka 12 mm wandiweyani ndipo zimatetezedwa ku moto wamfuti. Makina oyendetsa ovuta kwambiri, opangidwa ndi injini ya 16-cylinder Daimler-Knight yokhala ndi 105 hp. ndi ma seti awiri a gearbox ndi zowombola, amafuna anthu 4 kuti agwire ntchito - okwana 8 ogwira nawo ntchito - 2 pa track iliyonse. Choncho, thankiyo inali yaikulu kwambiri (9,92 mamita yaitali ndi "mchira" womwe umathandiza kulamulira ndi kugonjetsa ngalande, 4,03 m m'lifupi ndi sponsons ndi 2,44 m kutalika) ndi otsika (liwiro lalikulu mpaka 6 km / h), koma inali njira yabwino yothandizira asilikali oyenda pansi. Ma tanki okwana 150 a Mark I adaperekedwa, ndipo mitundu ina yambiri idatsata chitukuko chake.