Mphamvu zamtsogolo molingana ndi Audi - tidzatsanulira chiyani mu thanki?
Ziribe kanthu kuti malo olandirira mafuta ndi openga bwanji, zikuwonekeratu - pali anthu ochulukira padziko lapansi ndipo aliyense akufuna kukhala ndi galimoto, ndipo pakukula kwa chitukuko cha chitukuko, mafuta oyaka mafuta akucheperachepera, koma mayendedwe othamanga. Choncho, mwachibadwa kuti kuyang'ana koyamba m'tsogolo ndi kuyang'ana magwero a mphamvu. Kodi timadalira mafuta ndi gasi? Kapena pali njira zina zoyendetsera galimoto? Tiyeni tiwone momwe Audi amaonera.
"Osayang'ananso pansi," akutero Audi, ndikuwonjezera, "Osawerengeranso CO2." Zikumveka zachilendo, koma mwiniwakeyo akufotokoza mwamsanga. "Kungakhale kulakwitsa kuyang'ana pa CO2 yotuluka m'mphepete mwake - tiyenera kuyisamalira padziko lonse lapansi." Zikumvekabe zachilendo, koma posakhalitsa zonse zimamveka bwino. Zikuoneka kuti titha kutulutsa CO2 kuchokera ku chitoliro cha galimoto, pokhapokha titagwiritsa ntchito CO2 yomweyo kuchokera mumlengalenga kuti tipange mafuta. Ndiye kulinganiza kwapadziko lonse… Ndinkaopa kuti ndimva "padzakhala ziro" panthawiyo, chifukwa kwa ine, monga injiniya, zikuwonekeratu kuti zikhala zabwino kwambiri. Mwamwayi, ndinamva: "... zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri." Ndizomveka kale, ndipo umu ndi momwe mainjiniya aku Bavaria amachitira.
Chilengedwe chokha, ndithudi, chinali gwero la kudzoza: kuzungulira kwa madzi, mpweya ndi CO2 m'chilengedwe zimatsimikizira kuti makina opangidwa ndi dzuwa akhoza kutsegulidwa. Chifukwa chake, zidaganiziridwa kuti zitsanzire njira zachilengedwe m'ma laboratories ndikugwira ntchito yoyambitsa kuzungulira kosatha ndi zosakaniza zonse zomwe zimafikira ziro. Malingaliro awiri adapangidwa: 1. Palibe chomwe chimatayika m'chilengedwe. 2. Zinyalala za siteji iliyonse ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo lotsatira.
Komabe, idafufuzidwa koyamba pa gawo la moyo wagalimotoyo pomwe CO2 imatulutsidwa (poganiza kuti ndi galimoto yaying'ono yokhala ndi ma 200.000 miles pa 20 km). Zinapezeka kuti 79% ya mpweya woipa amapangidwa popanga magalimoto, 1% pakugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto, ndi 2% pakubwezeretsanso. Ndi deta yotereyi, zinali zoonekeratu kuti kunali koyenera kuyambira pa siteji yogwiritsira ntchito galimoto, i.e. kuyaka mafuta. Timadziwa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mafuta akale. Mafuta a biofuel ali ndi ubwino wake, koma osati popanda zovuta zawo - amachotsa nthaka yaulimi ndipo, chifukwa chake, chakudya, sichidzakhala chokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa zonse za chitukuko. Chifukwa chake, Audi imayambitsa gawo latsopano, lomwe limatcha E-Fuels. Ndi chiyani? Lingaliro ndi lomveka bwino: muyenera kupanga mafuta pogwiritsa ntchito CO2 monga chimodzi mwazinthu zopangira. Ndiye zidzatheka ndi chikumbumtima choyera kuwotcha mafuta, kutulutsa CO2 mumlengalenga. Mobwerezabwereza. Koma bwanji? Audi ali ndi njira ziwiri za izi.
Yankho Loyamba: E-Gas
Lingaliro kumbuyo kwa lingaliro la E-Gas limayamba ndi yankho lomwe lilipo. Ndiko kuti, mothandizidwa ndi ma windmills, timagwira mphamvu ya mphepo. Timagwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangidwa motere mu njira ya electrolysis kupanga H2. Ndi mafuta kale, koma kusowa kwa zomangamanga kumatanthauza kuti mainjiniya azigwirabe ntchito. Munjira yotchedwa Methanation, amaphatikiza H2 ndi CO2 kupanga CH4, mpweya womwe uli ndi zinthu zofanana ndi gasi. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi mafuta opangira zomwe CO2 idagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe idzatulutsidwanso pakuyaka mafutawa. Mphamvu yofunikira pazigawo zomwe tafotokozazi zimachokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe zongowonjezedwanso, kotero bwalolo limatha. Zikumveka zabwino kwambiri kuti zisakhalenso zoona? Pang'ono pang'ono, ndipo mwina sindinapezepo china chake pazithunzithunzi, koma ngakhale ndondomekoyi ikufuna "kudyetsa mwamphamvu" apa ndi apo, ikadali sitepe mu njira yatsopano, yosangalatsa.
CO2 bwino mosakayikira bwino mu njira pamwamba, ndi Audi zikutsimikizira izi ndi manambala: mtengo wa galimoto kuyenda 1 Km (kuphatikiza 200.000 Km) pa mafuta tingachipeze powerenga ndi 168 g CO2. Osakwana 150 okhala ndi LNG Ochepera 100 okhala ndi biofuel Ndipo mu lingaliro la e-gas: zosakwana 50 g CO2 pa kilomita! Akadali kutali ndi ziro, koma kale 1 nthawi kuyandikira poyerekeza ndi classical solution.
Pofuna kuti tisapereke kuganiza kuti Audi idzakhala mafuta opangira mafuta, osati opanga magalimoto, tinawonetsedwa (poyamba tinkatenga mafoni ndi makamera) Audi A3 yatsopano yokhala ndi injini ya TCNG, yomwe tidzawona m'misewu. chaka. nthawi. Tsoka ilo, silinayambike, kotero sitikudziwa zambiri kuposa zomwe zili, koma ndife okondwa kuganiza kuti malingaliro ndi mafotokozedwe amatsatiridwa ndi chinthu chokhazikika kwambiri.
Yankho lachiwiri: E-diesel / E-ethanol
Wina, ndipo m'malingaliro anga, lingaliro losangalatsa komanso lolimba mtima lomwe a Bavaria akugulitsamo ndi e-dizilo ndi e-ethanol. Apa, Audi yapeza mnzake kudutsa nyanja, komwe ku US South JOULE imapanga mafuta kudzera mu photosynthesis - kuchokera kudzuwa, madzi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mabedi akuluakulu obiriwira amawotcha padzuwa, kumeza CO2 kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikutulutsa mpweya ndi ... mafuta. Ndendende momwemonso zimachitika mufakitale iliyonse, m'malo modzaza magalimoto athu, mafakitalewa amangokulirakulira. Asayansi ochokera ku USA, komabe, adayang'ana ma microscopes awo ndipo adakula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapanga photosynthesis, m'malo mwa biomass, imapanga ... ndiko kulondola - mafuta! Ndipo pa pempho, malingana ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya: kamodzi Mowa, kamodzi dizilo mafuta - chirichonse chimene wasayansi akufuna. Ndipo kuchuluka kwake: 75 malita a ethanol ndi 000 malita a dizilo pa hekitala! Apanso, zikumveka zabwino kwambiri kuti zisakhale zoona, koma zimagwira ntchito! Komanso, mosiyana ndi biofuel, njirayi imatha kuchitika m'chipululu chopanda kanthu.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti mfundo zomwe tafotokozazi si zamtsogolo kwambiri, kupanga mafakitale a mafuta opangidwa ndi ma microgranules kuyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro kwa 2014, ndipo mtengo wamafuta uyenera kufanana ndi mtengo wamafuta apamwamba. . Zingakhale zotsika mtengo, koma pakadali pano sizokhudza mtengo, koma za chiyembekezo chopanga mafuta omwe amatenga CO2.
Zikuwoneka kuti Audi siyang'ana pansi mpaka pansi - m'malo mwake, ikugwira ntchito yatsopano yomwe ingagwirizane ndi mpweya wa CO2 padziko lonse lapansi. Tikamaona zimenezi, kuopa kutha kwa mafuta sikulinso koopsa. Mwinamwake, akatswiri a zachilengedwe sangakhutire ndi mfundo yakuti zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mafuta kapena chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito chipululu monga munda wolimapo. Ndithudi, zithunzi zinadutsa m’maganizo mwa ena, kusonyeza zizindikiro za opanga ku Sahara kapena Gobi, zowonekera kuchokera mumlengalenga. Mpaka posachedwa, kupeza mafuta kuchokera ku zomera kunali kokwanira, koyenera kwa gawo la filimu yopeka ya sayansi, koma lero ndi tsogolo lenileni komanso lotheka. Zoyenera kuyembekezera? Chabwino, tipeza mu zochepa, mwina khumi ndi ziwiri kapena zaka zambiri.
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