Kuwongolera magalimoto: fufuzani injini, chipale chofewa, malo okweza ndi zina zambiri

Zowonetsa pa dashboard zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto ndi zovuta zake. Timawawonetsa ndikulongosola zomwe akutanthauza: Nthawi zina zolakwika zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuyikidwa pansi pa nyali imodzi. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tifufuze zoyamba tisanasinthe chilichonse.

Grzegorz Chojnicki wakhala akuyendetsa Ford Mondeo ya 2003 kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri tsopano. Galimoto yokhala ndi injini ya TDCi ya malita awiri pakadali pano ili ndi ma 293 mailosi. km kuthawa. Kangapo adayima muutumiki chifukwa chakulephera kwa jakisoni.

Iye anali ndi vuto kuyambitsa injini nthawi yoyamba ndipo anataya mphamvu. Babu lachikasu lokhala ndi pulagi yoyaka linali litayaka, motero ndidasintha ma spark plug mumdima. Pokhapokha pamene zolephera sizinayime, ndinapita kumalo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka kuti ndilumikize galimotoyo ku kompyuta, akutero dalaivala.

Werengani zambiri: Kuyendera kasupe kwagalimoto. Osati kokha air conditioning, kuyimitsidwa ndi bodywork

Zinapezeka kuti vuto silinali mu makandulo, koma mu zolakwika mu pulogalamu ya jekeseni, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi chizindikiro chowala ndi chizindikiro cha kandulo. Mbiri itadzibwereza yokha, Bambo Grzegorz sanalowe m'malo mwa zigawozo, koma nthawi yomweyo anapita ku diagnostics kompyuta. Nthawi iyi zidapezeka kuti imodzi mwa nozzles idasweka kwathunthu ndipo iyenera kusinthidwa. Tsopano chizindikirocho chimawunikira nthawi ndi nthawi, koma pakapita nthawi chimazima.

- Galimoto imadya mafuta ambiri. Ndili kale ndi vuto la mpope lomwe liyenera kupangidwanso,” adatero dalaivalayo.

Amalamulira m'galimoto - choyamba injini

Opanga magalimoto amati kuwonongeka kwambiri kumabwera chifukwa cha chenjezo la chizindikiro cha injini yachikasu, chomwe chimapezeka makamaka m'mainjini amafuta. Monga nyali zina, ziyenera kuzimitsidwa pambuyo poyambira. Ngati sizili choncho, muyenera kulumikizana ndi makaniko.

- Pambuyo polumikiza galimoto ndi kompyuta, makaniko amalandira yankho, vuto ndi chiyani. Koma munthu wodziwa zambiri angathe kudziwa molondola zolakwa zambiri popanda kugwirizana. Posachedwapa, tinachita ndi Toyota Corolla ya m'badwo wachisanu ndi chitatu, yomwe injini yake sinayende bwino pa liwiro lapamwamba, monyinyirika kuyankha kukanikiza gasi pedal. Zinapezeka kuti kompyutayo idawonetsa zovuta ndi koyilo yoyatsira, akutero Stanislav Plonka, makanika wa ku Rzeszów.

Werengani zambiri: Kuyika makina opangira gasi m'galimoto. Kodi muyenera kukumbukira chiyani kuti mupindule ndi LPG?

Monga lamulo, injini yachikasu imasonyeza mavuto ndi chirichonse chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi kompyuta. Izi zitha kukhala ma spark plugs ndi zoyatsira zoyatsira, kafukufuku wa lambda, kapena zovuta zobwera chifukwa cholumikizana molakwika pakuyika gasi.

– The kuwala pulagi chizindikiro kuwala ndi dizilo lofanana ndi injini chizindikiro kuwala. Kuphatikiza pa jekeseni kapena pampu, imatha kufotokoza mavuto ndi valve ya EGR kapena fyuluta ya particulate ngati chotsatiracho chilibe chizindikiro chosiyana, akufotokoza Plonka.

Kodi magetsi a galimotoyo ndi ofiira? Osadya

Kuwala kosiyana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsa kuvala kwambiri kwa brake pad. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyali yachikasu yokhala ndi chizindikiro cha chipolopolo. Komanso, zokhudza mavuto ndi ananyema madzimadzi akhoza subordinated kwa chowala handbrake chizindikiro. Pamene kuwala kwachikasu kwa ABS kuyatsa, yang'anani kachipangizo ka ABS.

- Monga lamulo, kayendetsedwe kake sikungapitirire ngati chizindikiro chofiira chilipo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta otsika, kutentha kwambiri kwa injini, kapena vuto lacharge. Ngati, kumbali ina, imodzi mwa nyali zachikasu yayatsidwa, mutha kulumikizana mosatekeseka ndi makaniko, akutero Stanislav Plonka.

Kodi mungawerenge bwanji bolodi?

Kuchuluka kwa nyali kumatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wagalimoto. Kuphatikiza pakudziwitsa, mwachitsanzo, za mtundu wa nyali zakutsogolo, icing pamsewu, kuzimitsa makina owongolera kapena kutentha pang'ono, zonse ziyenera kuzimitsidwa pambuyo poyatsa ndikuyatsa injini.

Zizindikiro m'galimoto - zizindikiro zofiira

Batiri. Pambuyo poyambitsa injini, chizindikirocho chiyenera kuzimitsa. Ngati sichoncho, mwina mukukumana ndi vuto lolipira. Ngati alternator sikuyenda, galimotoyo imangoyenda bola ngati pali mphamvu zokwanira zosungidwa mu batire. M'magalimoto ena, kuthwanima kwa babu nthawi ndi nthawi kungasonyezenso kutsetsereka, kuvala lamba wa alternator.

Werengani zambiri: Kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamoto. Zowonongeka zofala kwambiri komanso mtengo wokonzanso

Kutentha kwa injini. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yolondola ya galimoto. Ngati muvi ukukwera pamwamba pa madigiri 100 Celsius, ndi bwino kuyimitsa galimoto. Monga momwe kuwala kozizira kofiira (thermometer ndi mafunde) kumayambira, injini yotentha kwambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafunikira kukonzanso kwakukulu. Komanso, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse vuto ndi thermostat. Ndiye injini sichidzavutika ndi zotsatira monga kutenthedwa, koma ngati itenthedwa, idzadya mafuta ambiri.

Mafuta amafuta. Pambuyo poyambitsa injini, chizindikirocho chiyenera kuzimitsa. Ngati sichoncho, imitsani galimoto pamalo ocheperako ndikulola kuti mafuta alowe mu sump. Kenako onani mlingo wake. Nthawi zambiri injiniyo ikukumana ndi vuto lamafuta chifukwa chosowa mafuta. Kuyendetsa galimoto kungachititse kuti msonkhano wa galimoto ugwire, komanso turbocharger yomwe imagwirizana nayo, yomwe imayikidwanso ndi madzi awa.

Kuswa dzanja. Ngati brakeyo yatha kale, dalaivala sangaganize kuti sanaitulutse mokwanira akuyendetsa. Kenako chizindikiro chofiyira chokhala ndi mawu ofuula chidzanena za izo. Izi zingakhale zopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa kuyendetsa galimoto kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale mutatambasula pang'ono mkono wanu, kumawonjezera mafuta ndi mabuleki. Mavuto amadzimadzi amabuleki amatchulidwanso nthawi zambiri pansi pa nyali iyi.

Werengani zambiri: Kuyang'anira Galimoto musanagule. Nanga ndi zingati?

Malamba apamipando. Ngati dalaivala kapena mmodzi wa okwerapo sanavale malamba, nyali yofiyira imayatsa pa chida chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha munthu amene ali pampando ndi malamba. Opanga ena, monga Citroen, amagwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zosiyana pampando uliwonse mgalimoto.

Zizindikiro mu makina - zizindikiro lalanje

Yang'anani injini. M'magalimoto akale izi zitha kukhala zilembo, m'magalimoto atsopano nthawi zambiri zimakhala chizindikiro cha injini. Mu mayunitsi a petulo, amafanana ndi kuwongolera dizilo ndi kasupe. Imawonetsa kulephera kulikonse kwa zida zoyendetsedwa ndimagetsi - kuchokera ku ma spark plugs, kudzera m'makoyilo oyatsira mpaka zovuta ndi jakisoni. Nthawi zambiri, kuwala uku kukayatsa, injini imapita munjira yadzidzidzi - imagwira ntchito ndi mphamvu zochepa.

EPC. M'magalimoto a Volkswagen nkhawa, chizindikiro chimasonyeza mavuto ndi ntchito ya galimoto, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa magetsi. Itha kuwonetsa kulephera kwa magetsi amabuleki kapena sensa yoziziritsa kutentha.

Mphamvu chiwongolero. M'galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito, chizindikirocho chiyenera kutuluka mwamsanga pambuyo poyatsa. Ngati ikadali yowunikira pambuyo poyambitsa injini, galimotoyo ikufotokoza vuto ndi makina oyendetsa magetsi. Ngati chiwongolero chamagetsi chikugwirabe ntchito ngakhale kuwala kuli koyaka, kompyuta ingakuuzeni, mwachitsanzo, kuti chowongolera chowongolera chalephera. Njira yachiwiri - chowunikira chowunikira ndi chithandizo chamagetsi chazimitsidwa. M'magalimoto okhala ndi makina amagetsi, pakagwa kuwonongeka, chiwongolero chimatembenuka mwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupitiriza kuyendetsa. 

Chiwopsezo chanyengo. Mwanjira imeneyi, opanga ambiri amadziwitsa za kuopsa kwa kutentha kwa kunja. Izi ndi, mwachitsanzo, kuthekera kwa icing msewu. Mwachitsanzo, Ford imayambitsa mpira wa chipale chofewa, ndipo Volkswagen imagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chomveka komanso kutentha kwamtengo wapatali pachiwonetsero chachikulu.

Werengani zambiri: Kuyika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa magetsi oyendera masana. Photoguide

ESP, ESC, DCS, VCS Dzinalo likhoza kusiyanasiyana kutengera wopanga, koma iyi ndi njira yokhazikika. Kuwala kowunikira kumawonetsa kugwira ntchito kwake, chifukwa chake, kutsetsereka. Ngati chowunikira chowunikira ndi OFF chayatsidwa, dongosolo la ESP lizimitsidwa. Muyenera kuyatsa ndi batani, ndipo ngati sikugwira ntchito, pitani ku utumiki.

Kutentha kwawindo. Nyali pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha windshield kapena zenera lakumbuyo limasonyeza kuti kutentha kwawo kumayatsidwa.

Pulagi yowala. Mu ma dizilo ambiri, amagwira ntchito yofanana ndi "cheke cha injini" mu injini zamafuta. Itha kuwonetsa zovuta ndi jakisoni, fyuluta ya particulate, mpope, komanso ndi mapulagi owala. Siyenera kuyatsa pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto.

Werengani zambiri: Kukonza ndi kulipiritsa batire. Kusamalidwa kwaulere kumafunanso kusamalidwa

Air bag. Ngati sichituluka mutangoyambitsa injini, makinawo amadziwitsa dalaivala kuti airbag yasiya. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri za izi. M'galimoto yopanda ngozi, izi zikhoza kukhala vuto la kugwirizana, lomwe lidzazimiririka mutatha kudzoza pamapazi ndi kupopera kwapadera. Koma ngati galimotoyo idachita ngozi ndipo chikwama cha airbag sichinabwerenso, kuwala kochenjeza kudzawonetsa izi. Muyeneranso kudabwa za kusowa kwa ulamuliro umenewu. Ngati sichiyatsa mkati mwa sekondi imodzi kapena ziwiri zitayambika, zitha kukhala zolephereka kubisa kukhazikitsidwa kwa airbag.

Airbag Yokwera. Kuwala kwa backlight kumasintha pilo ikatsegulidwa. Pamene sichikugwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo pamene mwana akunyamulidwa pampando wa ana woyang'ana kumbuyo, nyali yochenjeza idzawonekera kusonyeza kuti chitetezocho chazimitsidwa.

abs. Mwachidziwikire, awa ndizovuta ndi dongosolo lothandizira mabuleki mwadzidzidzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa sensa, yomwe m'malo mwake imakhala yotsika mtengo. Koma chizindikirocho chidzakhalanso, mwachitsanzo, pamene makinawo akuyika molakwika hub ndipo salola kuti kompyuta ilandire chizindikiro kuti dongosolo likugwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa chizindikiro cha ABS, mitundu yambiri imagwiritsanso ntchito chizindikiro chosiyana cha ma brake pad.

Zizindikiro mu makina - zizindikiro za mtundu wosiyana

Zowala. Chizindikiro chobiriwira chimakhala pamene magetsi oimika magalimoto kapena matabwa otsika ali. Kuwala kwa buluu kumasonyeza kuti kuwala kwapamwamba kuli pa - otchedwa yaitali.

Tsegulani chitseko kapena ma alarm. M'magalimoto okhala ndi makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri, chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa zitseko zomwe zili zotseguka. Galimotoyo idzakuuzaninso pamene khomo lakumbuyo kapena hood latsegulidwa. Zitsanzo zazing'ono komanso zotsika mtengo sizisiyanitsa pakati pa mabowo ndikuwonetsa kutsegulidwa kwa aliyense wa iwo ndi chizindikiro chofanana.  

Zowongolera mpweya. Ntchito yake imatsimikiziridwa ndi chizindikiro choyaka, chomwe mtundu wake ungasinthe. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachikasu kapena zobiriwira, koma Hyundai, mwachitsanzo, tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa buluu. 

Governorate Bartosz

chithunzi ndi Bartosz Guberna