E-mafuta, ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, e-fuel - werengani: zachilengedwe, zimasiyana ndi anzawo achikhalidwe makamaka momwe amapezera. Yotsirizirayi imaphatikizapo njira yopangira madzi ndi carbon dioxide, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi oteteza zachilengedwe ndi mphamvu za dzuwa. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mafuta odziwika bwino, pakati pa mafuta opangira titha kupezanso e-petulo, e-diesel ndi e-gas.
Wosalowerera ndale, zikutanthauza chiyani?
Nthawi zambiri mafuta opangira zachilengedwe amatchedwa ndale. Ndi chiyani? Mawuwa amachokera ku ubale wawo ndi carbon dioxide. Kusalowerera ndale komwe kwatchulidwaku kumatanthauza kuti mpweya woipa ndi gawo lofunikira popanga mafuta a e-mafuta komanso kutulutsa kwake. Mochuluka kwa chiphunzitso. Komabe, kwenikweni, ndi mpweya woipa umene umalowa mumlengalenga pamodzi ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Okonda zachilengedwe okonda mafuta atsopano amatsutsa kuti mafutawa ndi oyera kwambiri kuposa mpweya wotuluka wa injini zomwe zimayendera pamafuta akale.
Zopanda sulfure ndi benzene
Choncho, tiyeni tiyambe ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - petulo. Mnzake wopangidwa ndi e-mafuta. Mafuta osafunikira safunikira kupanga mafuta achilengedwe awa, chifukwa amasinthidwa ndi isooctane yamadzimadzi. Chotsatiracho chimachokera ku organic chemical compound kuchokera ku gulu la hydrocarbons lotchedwa isobutylene ndi hydrogen. E-petroli imadziwika ndi ROZ yapamwamba kwambiri (Kafukufuku Oktan Zahl - otchedwa kafukufuku octane nambala), kufika 100. Poyerekeza, chiwerengero cha octane cha petulo chochokera ku mafuta osakanizika chimachokera ku 91-98. Ubwino wa e-mafuta ndi chiyero chake - mulibe sulfure ndi benzene. Choncho, kuyaka kumakhala koyera kwambiri ndipo chiwerengero cha octane chapamwamba chimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha psinjika chiwonjezeke, chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa injini za petulo.
Blue Crude - pafupifupi dizilo zamagetsi
Mosiyana ndi mafuta amtundu wa dizilo, ma electrodiesel amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mafuta opangira. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kuti mupange, mukufunikira zosakaniza zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kugwira ntchito mumagulu a dizilo, monga ... madzi, carbon dioxide ndi magetsi. Ndiye e-diesel amapangidwa bwanji? Choyamba mwa zosakaniza pamwambapa, madzi, amatenthedwa ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 800 C panthawi ya electrolysis. Kusandutsa nthunzi, kumawola kukhala haidrojeni ndi mpweya. The haidrojeni mu maphatikizidwe reactors ndiye amakumana ndi mpweya woipa mu wotsatira njira mankhwala. Zonsezi zimagwira ntchito kutentha kwa 220 ° C ndi kupanikizika kwa 25 bar. Monga gawo la kaphatikizidwe kaphatikizidwe, mphamvu yamadzimadzi yotchedwa Blue Crude imapezeka, yomwe imapangidwa ndi mankhwala a hydrocarbon. Akamaliza, zidzatheka kulankhula za kupanga e-dizilo mafuta. Mafutawa ali ndi nambala yambiri ya cetane ndipo alibe mankhwala owopsa a sulfure.
Ndi methane yopangidwa
Ndipo potsirizira pake, chinachake kwa okonda gasi wa galimoto, koma osati mu mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa LPG, womwe ndi wosakaniza wa propane ndi butane, koma mu mpweya wa CNG. Mtundu wachitatu wamafuta achilengedwe, e-gasi, alibe chochita ndi zomwe zimayendetsa injini zamagalimoto pambuyo pakusintha kwaukadaulo. Kuti apange mafuta otere, madzi wamba ndi magetsi amafunikira. Panthawi ya electrolysis, madzi amagawidwa kukhala mpweya ndi haidrojeni. Zotsirizirazi ndizomwe zimafunikira pazifukwa zina. Hydrojeni imakhudzidwa ndi mpweya woipa. Njira imeneyi, yotchedwa methanation, imapanga mankhwala a electron gasi ofanana ndi a gasi achilengedwe. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwake, zopangira ndi zinthu zopanda vuto monga mpweya ndi madzi.
