Galimoto yamagetsi m'mbiri: magalimoto amagetsi oyamba | Batire yokongola

Galimoto yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imatengedwa kuti ndi yopangidwa posachedwapa kapena galimoto yamtsogolo. Ndipotu, zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XNUMX: choncho, mpikisano pakati pa magalimoto oyaka moto ndi magalimoto amagetsi si atsopano.

Ma prototypes oyamba okhala ndi batri 

The prototypes woyamba wa magalimoto amagetsi adawonekera cha m'ma 1830. Monga momwe zilili ndi zinthu zambiri zopangidwa, akatswiri a mbiri yakale sanathe kudziwa tsiku lenileni ndi chidziwitso cha amene anayambitsa galimoto yamagetsi. Ili ndi nkhani yotsutsana, komabe, titha kupereka mbiri kwa anthu ochepa.  

Choyamba, Robert Anderson, wamalonda wa ku Scotland, mu 1830 anapanga mtundu wa ngolo yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa ndi maginito asanu ndi atatu oyendetsedwa ndi mabatire osathanso. Kenako, cha m'ma 1835, a Thomas Davenport waku America adapanga galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi yamagetsi ndikupanga kanjira kakang'ono kamagetsi.

Choncho, magalimoto awiri amagetsiwa ndi chiyambi cha galimoto yamagetsi, koma amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire osatha.

Mu 1859, Mfalansa Gaston Planté anapanga woyamba batri yoyambiranso lead acid, yomwe idzasinthidwa mu 1881 ndi electrochemist Camilla Fore. Ntchitoyi yasintha kwambiri moyo wa batri ndipo motero idapatsa galimoto yamagetsi tsogolo labwino.

Kubwera kwa galimoto yamagetsi

Ntchito yochitidwa pa mabatire inabala zitsanzo zoyamba zodalirika zamagalimoto amagetsi.

Choyamba timapeza chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi Camille Faure monga gawo la ntchito yake pa batri, ndi anzake a ku France Nicolas Raffard, injiniya wamakina, ndi Charles Jeanteau, wopanga magalimoto. 

Gustave Fund, injiniya wamagetsi ndi wopanga magalimoto amagetsi, akuyenda bwino galimoto yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi Nokia, yokhala ndi batri. Injini imeneyi poyamba anaisintha kuti ifanane ndi boti kenako n’kukwera pa njinga yamoto itatu.

Mu 1881, njinga yamagetsi yamagetsi iyi idawonetsedwa ngati galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi ku Paris International Electricity Show.

M’chaka chomwecho, mainjiniya awiri achingelezi, William Ayrton ndi John Perry, nawonso anayambitsa njinga yamagetsi yamatatu. Galimoto iyi inali yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa yomwe inapangidwa ndi Gustave Anapeza: pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi makumi awiri, liwiro la 15 km / h, galimoto yosinthika komanso yokhala ndi nyali.

Pamene galimotoyo inali yopambana kwambiri, akatswiri a mbiri yakale amawona kuti ndi galimoto yoyamba yamagetsi, makamaka German Autovision Museum. 

Kwezani msika

 Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, msika wamagalimoto udagawidwa kukhala injini yamafuta, injini ya nthunzi ndi mota yamagetsi.

Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo komwe kunachitika pagawo la ma tricycle, galimoto yamagetsi idzakhala mafakitale pang'onopang'ono ndipo idzakhala yopambana pazochitika zachuma, makamaka ku Ulaya ndi United States. Zowonadi, mainjiniya ena aku France, America ndi Britain adzakonza pang'onopang'ono magalimoto amagetsi kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito zawo. 

Mu 1884 injiniya wa ku Britain Thomas Parker akuti anapanga imodzi mwa magalimoto oyambirira amagetsi, monga momwe tawonera pa chithunzi choyamba chodziwika chosonyeza galimoto yamagetsi. Thomas Parker anali ndi Elwell-Parker, kampani yopanga mabatire ndi dynamos.

Amadziwika kuti adapanga zida zomwe zidayendetsa ma tramu amagetsi oyamba: Sitima yoyamba yamagetsi yaku Britain ku Blackpool mu 1885. Analinso injiniya wa Metropolitan Railway Company ndipo adagwira nawo ntchito yopangira magetsi ku London Underground.

Magalimoto oyambilira amagetsi akuyamba kugulitsidwa, ndipo izi makamaka ndi zombo zama taxi zochitira ntchito za mzindawo.

Kupambana kukukula makamaka ku United States, komwe anthu a ku New York adatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma taxi oyamba amagetsi kuyambira 1897. Magalimotowo anali ndi mabatire a lead-acid ndipo amachajitsidwa pamasiteshoni apadera usiku.

Chifukwa cha chitsanzo cha Electrobat, chopangidwa ndi injiniya Henry G. Morris ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala Pedro G. Salomon, galimoto yamagetsi inagwira 38% ya msika wamagalimoto a US.

Galimoto yamagetsi: galimoto yodalirika  

Magalimoto amagetsi apita m'mbiri yamagalimoto ndipo akhala ndi masiku awo olemekezeka kwambiri, akuphwanya mbiri ndi kuthamanga. Panthawiyo, magalimoto amagetsi anali ochuluka kuposa omwe amapikisana nawo.

Mu 1895, galimoto yamagetsi idachita nawo msonkhanowo kwa nthawi yoyamba. Uwu ndiye mpikisano wa Bordeaux-Paris ndi galimoto ya Charles Jeanteau: akavalo 7 ndi mabatire 38 a Fulmain a 15 kg iliyonse.

Mu 1899, galimoto yamagetsi ya Camilla Jenatzi "La Jamais Contente". iyi ndi galimoto yoyamba m'mbiri yodutsa 100 km / h. Kuti mupeze nkhani yodabwitsa kumbuyo kwa izi, tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhani yathu yonse pamutuwu.