Galimoto yamagetsi. Zomangamanga sizinakonzekere magalimoto amagetsi?
Malo osungiramo magalimoto apansi panthaka ku Poland ali ndi machitidwe otetezera moto, koma palibe okwanira pazochitika zamoto m'magalimoto amagetsi, omwe akuwonjezeka kwambiri. Misewuyo ndi yoyipa kwambiri.
Malo osungirako magalimoto apansi panthaka ku Poland amatetezedwa bwino ndi machitidwe oteteza moto. Komabe, kusintha kwa magalimoto komanso kuti magalimoto amagetsi akukula mofulumira akusintha kuwunika kwa chitetezo cha moto. - kwa magalimoto okhala ndi mabatire, kukhazikitsa komwe kulipo sikukwaniranso. Ngakhale kuti magalimoto amagetsi m’dziko lathu akupangabe gawo limodzi mwa magawo 2019 alionse a magalimoto onse, n’zosakayikitsa kuti padzakhala zochulukira. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi deta: mu 4, magalimoto amagetsi okwera 327 adalembetsedwa ku Poland kwa nthawi yoyamba, pomwe kwa chaka chonse cha 2018 panali XNUMX (deta yochokera ku Samar, CEPIK).
Dongosolo lomwe likubwera la thandizo la boma litha kupititsa patsogolo kulembetsa magalimoto oyendera mabatire. Padzakhala magalimoto amagetsi owonjezereka m'malo oimikapo magalimoto, kuphatikizapo malo oimikapo magalimoto pansi pa nthaka, ndipo kusinthika kwa machitidwe otetezera moto sikungagwirizane ndi kusintha kwa magalimoto.
- Magalimoto amagetsi (kapena osakanizidwa) ndi ovuta kwambiri kuyimitsa kuposa magalimoto okhala ndi injini yoyaka mkati mwachikhalidwe. Njira yozimitsa moto yamadzimadzi, yomwe imagwiritsidwabe ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo oimikapo magalimoto mobisa, sichigwira ntchito, popeza maselo a batri amatulutsa zinthu zatsopano zoyaka (nthunzi) ndi mpweya pakuyaka - chilichonse chofunikira kuti moto ukhalebe. Ngakhale ulalo umodzi ukayaka, tcheni chimachitika, chomwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri komanso chosatheka kuyimitsa ndi madzi okha - Michal Brzezinski, Woyang'anira Dipatimenti Yoteteza Moto - SPIE Building Solutions.
M'mayiko omwe muli magalimoto ambiri amagetsi, malo osungiramo magalimoto apansi panthaka amagwiritsa ntchito malo osungira kutentha monga njira zotetezera moto komanso - monga momwe zilili ndi magetsi - mphamvu zambiri - kuposa moto wina. Nthawi zambiri, makhazikitsidwe amadzi othamanga kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi, pomwe dontho lililonse limakhala ndi kukula kwa 0,05 mpaka 0,3 mm. Mu machitidwe oterowo, madzi okwanira lita imodzi ndi okwanira kudera la 60 mpaka 250 m2 (ndi sprinklers 1 - 6 m2).
- Kuchuluka kwa evaporation pamtundu wa nkhungu yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera pamoto - pafupifupi 2,3 MJ pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Kumaloko amasamutsa mpweya kuchokera pamalo oyaka chifukwa cha nthunzi nthawi yomweyo (madzi amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwake ndi nthawi 1672 panthawi yakusintha kwa nthunzi). Chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa malo oyatsira moto komanso kuyamwa kwakukulu kwa kutentha, chiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa moto ndikuyatsanso (kuwalitsa) kumachepetsedwa, akutero Michal Brzezinski.
Magalimoto amagetsi. Komanso vuto mu tunnel
Poland ili ndi misewu ya 6,1 km (yopitilira 100 m kutalika). Izi ndizochepa kwambiri, koma mu 2020 kutalika kwawo kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 4,4 km, chifukwa ichi ndi chiwerengero cha tunnel ku Zakopianka ndi njira ya S2 panjira yodutsa ku Warsaw. Muzochitika zonsezi, ntchitoyo ikukonzekera 2020. Izi zikachitika, padzakhala misewu ya 10,5 km ku Poland, yomwe ndi 70% kuposa lero.
Onaninso: Odometer yagalimoto yasinthidwa. Ndikoyenera kugula?
Ndi machitidwe otetezera moto ku Poland mu tunnel, ndizoipa kwambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira pansi pa malo osungiramo magalimoto - nthawi zambiri sizitetezedwa konse, kupatulapo mpweya wabwino ndi kutulutsa utsi.
- Apanso, tiyenera kuthamangitsa mayiko aku Western Europe. Mofanana ndi malo oimika magalimoto apansi panthaka, chifunga chothamanga kwambiri chimatengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yothetsera kutentha (mphamvu) kuchokera pamoto. Zilibe chochita ndi chifunga cha mumlengalenga. Mu chozimitsira moto ichi, kuthamanga kwa ntchito kuli pafupifupi 50 - 70 bar. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwakukulu, ma nozzles opangidwa mwapadera amalola kuti nkhungu iperekedwe mofulumira kumoto. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhunguyi imatulutsa mpweya kuchokera m'chipinda choyaka moto kudzera mu evaporation. Pochita izi, madzi amatenga kutentha kwambiri kuposa chozimitsa china chilichonse, motero amachotsedwa mphamvu mwachangu komanso mogwira mtima. Chifukwa cha kuzizira kwake kodziwika bwino, imalimbana ndi moto, ndipo anthu ndi katundu amatetezedwa ku kutentha. Chifukwa chakuti nkhungu yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri imakhala ndi kukula kwa madontho osakwana ma micrometer 300, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timaphatikizana mosavuta ndi tinthu ta utsi ndipo timachepetsa utsi pamalo pomwe moto unayambira, akutero Michal Brzezinski wochokera ku SPIE Building Solutions.
Phindu linanso la chifunga chozimitsa moto ndi chakuti sichivulaza anthu, choncho kulola anthu omwe ali mmenemo, monga m'malo osungiramo magalimoto apansi panthaka kapena mumsewu, kuti achoke pamalo owopsa mosavuta, komanso amalola ozimitsa moto kuti alowe. izo motetezeka.
Volkswagen ID.3 imapangidwa pano.
