Kuyendetsa galimoto ya hydrogen (mafuta cell)
Zamkatimu
Njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito magalimoto amagetsi, yankho la hydrogen, lakhala likuphunziridwa ndi Ajeremani ndi Japan. Europe, yomwe Tesla amawona kuti ndi yosakhazikika, komabe amasankha kuyika phukusi paukadaulo uwu (padziko lonse lapansi, osati chifukwa chongoyendetsa magalimoto). Kotero tiyeni tiwone momwe galimoto ya haidrojeni imagwirira ntchito, yomwe imakhala yosiyana ndi galimoto yamagetsi.
Werenganinso:
- Kodi galimoto ya hydrogen ndi yotheka?
- Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mafuta cell ndi chiyani
Mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto a haidrojeni
Ngakhale ukadaulo wamakono ndi wamagalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma cell amafuta kuti azipatsa mphamvu ma motors awo amagetsi, haidrojeni ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pobwezeranso magalimoto oyatsira mkati. Ndiwo gasi womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mofanana ndi LPG ndi CNG zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale m'magalimoto athu. Komabe, lingaliro ili linasiyidwa, injini ya pistoni imagwirizana kwambiri ndi nthawi ...
Nayi Toyota Mirai yoyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni. Amagulitsidwa ku USA, si ku France, chifukwa palibe malo ogawa ma hydrogen kumeneko ... Popeza tachedwa ndi ma terminals amagetsi, tatsala kale ku hydrogen!
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito
Ngati tikanati tifotokoze mwachidule dongosolo mu chiganizo chimodzi, ndinganene zimenezoizo galimoto yamagetsi amene amayenda naye carburant osaipitsa (pantchito, osati pakupanga). M'malo molipira batire ndi pulagi choncho magetsi, timadzaza ndi madzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timatcha mafuta cell system (ndi
sonkhanitsa
zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi mafuta
kudyedwa
et
zikusowa mu thanki
). Ndipotu, kusiyana kokha ndi galimoto yamagetsi ndi kusungirako mphamvu, apa mumadzimadzi, osati mawonekedwe a mankhwala.
Choncho, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti batri ikutha, mosiyana ndi batri ya lithiamu kapena ngakhale lead-acid (onani maulalo kuti mudziwe momwe amagwirira ntchito).
Njira mapu
Hydrogen = wosakanizidwa?
Pafupifupi ... Zowonadi, ali ndi batri yowonjezera ya lithiamu, zothandiza zomwe ndikufotokozera pansipa. Choncho, n'zotheka kugwira ntchito pa haidrojeni, pogwiritsa ntchito batri wamba, kapena ngakhale onse nthawi imodzi.
Zida
Tanki ya haidrojeni
Tili ndi thanki yomwe imatha kusunga 5 mpaka 10 kg ya haidrojeni, podziwa kuti kilogalamu iliyonse ili ndi mphamvu 33.3 kWh (poyerekeza ndi magalimoto amagetsi, omwe ali ndi 35 mpaka 100 kWh). Tankiyo idapangidwa mwapadera komanso yolimba kuti ipirire kuthamanga kwamkati kwa 350 mpaka 700 bar.
Selo yamafuta
Selo yamafuta idzapereka mphamvu kugalimoto yamagetsi yagalimoto, monga batire wamba ya lithiamu. Komabe, imafunikira mafuta, omwe ndi haidrojeni kuchokera mu thanki. Zimapangidwa ndi platinamu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, koma m'matembenuzidwe amakono amatero popanda izo.
Batire ya buffer
Izi sizofunika, koma ndi muyezo wa magalimoto a haidrojeni. Zowonadi, imakhala ngati batire yosunga zobwezeretsera, amplifier yamagetsi (imatha kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi selo yamafuta), komanso, koposa zonse, imathandizira kubwezeretsa mphamvu ya kinetic panthawi yopumira komanso kuphulika.
Zamagetsi zamagetsi
Osatchulidwa m'chithunzi changa chapamwamba, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zimayendetsa, zimasokoneza ndi kukonza (kusintha pakati pa mafunde a AC ndi DC) mafunde osiyanasiyana omwe akuyenda m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana za galimoto.
Kuwonjezera mafuta
Ma cell amafuta: catalysis
Cholinga chake ndikuchotsa ma elekitironi (magetsi) kuchokera ku haidrojeni kuti awatumize ku mota yamagetsi. Zonsezi zimachitika kudzera mu kachitidwe koyendetsedwa ndi electrochemical komwe kumalekanitsa ma elekitironi kumbali imodzi (molunjika ku injini) ndi ma protoni mbali inayo (mu cell cell). Msonkhano wonse umatha pa cathode, kumene zomwe zimachitika zimatha: "kusakaniza" komaliza kumapereka madzi, omwe amaponyedwa kunja kwa dongosolo (utsi).
Pano pali chithunzi cha catalysis, chomwe ndi kuchotsa magetsi kuchokera ku haidrojeni (reverse electrolysis).
Apa tikuwona kugwira ntchito kwa cell cell, yomwe ndi zochitika za catalysis.
Hydrogen H2 (i.e. maatomu awiri a haidrojeni H olumikizidwa pamodzi: dihydrogen) amachoka kumanzere kupita kumanja. Pamene ikuyandikira anode, imataya phata lake (proton), lomwe lidzayamwa pansi (chifukwa cha zochitika za okosijeni). Ma electron adzapitiriza ulendo wawo wopita kumanja kuti akagwiritse ntchito galimoto yamagetsi.
M'malo mwake, tikuphatikizanso chilichonse mwa kubaya O2 (oxygen kuchokera kumlengalenga chifukwa cha kompresa) kumbali ya cathode, yomwe mwachilengedwe idzalola kupanga molekyulu yamadzi (yomwe idzapangitsa zinthu zonse kukhala chinthu chimodzi). molekyu yomwe ndi gulu la Hs ndi Os).
Chidule cha zochita za mankhwala / thupi
ANOD : pa anode, atomu ya haidrojeni "idulidwa" pakati (H2 = 2e- + 2H+). Paphata pa Chichewa (H + ion) amatsikira ku cathode, pamene ma elekitironi (e-) kupitiriza pa njira yawo chifukwa cholephera kudutsa electrolyte (danga pakati anode ndi cathode).
CATHODE: pa cathode timawona mmbuyo (m'njira zosiyanasiyana) ma ions H + ndi ma e-electron. Ndiye ndikwanira kuyambitsa maatomu a okosijeni kuti zinthu zonsezi zifune kusonkhanitsa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku chilengedwe cha molekyulu yamadzi yokhala ndi maatomu awiri a haidrojeni ndi atomu imodzi ya okosijeni. Kapena formula: 2e- + 2H+ + O2 = H2O
Kukolola ?
Ngati tiganizira kokha galimoto yokha, ndicho mphamvu ya thanki mpaka kumapeto kwa mawilo (zinthu kusintha / kulimbikitsa makina), ife tiri pano pang'ono m'munsimu 50%. Zowonadi, batire ili ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 50%, ndi mota yamagetsi - pafupifupi 90%. Chifukwa chake, timakhala ndi kusefa koyamba kwa 50%, kenako 10%.
Ngati tiganizira za mphamvu ya magetsi yomwe imapanga mphamvu, ndiye kuti tisanapange hydrogen kapena ngakhale kugawidwa kwa magetsi (pankhani ya lithiamu) tili ndi 25% ya hydrogen ndi 70% ya magetsi (pafupifupi pafupifupi, mwachiwonekere ).
Werengani zambiri za phindu apa.
Kusiyana pakati pagalimoto ya hydrogen ndi galimoto yamagetsi ya lithiamu batire?
Magalimoto ndi ofanana ndendende, kupatula "thanki yamagetsi". Chifukwa chake, awa ndi magalimoto amagetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma rotor-stator motors (kulowetsa, maginito osatha, kapenanso okhazikika).
Ngati batri ya lithiamu imagwiranso ntchito chifukwa cha zochita za mankhwala mkati mwake (zochita zomwe mwachibadwa zimapanga magetsi: molondola, ma electron), palibe chomwe chimatulukamo, pali kusintha kwamkati kokha. Kubwerera ku chikhalidwe chake choyambirira (recharging), ndikokwanira kudutsa panopa (kugwirizanitsa ndi gawo) ndipo zotsatira za mankhwala zidzayambanso mosiyana. Vuto ndiloti zimatenga nthawi, ngakhale ndi ma supercharger.
Kwa injini ya haidrojeni, yomwe ndi injini yamagetsi yachikale yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi fuel cell (ie, haidrojeni), batire imawononga haidrojeni panthawi yamankhwala. Amatulutsidwa kudzera mu utsi womwe umachotsa nthunzi wamadzi (zotsatira za chemical reaction).
Choncho, kuchokera pamalingaliro omveka, tikhoza kusintha galimoto iliyonse yamagetsi ku galimoto ya hydrogen, ndikwanira kusintha batri ya lithiamu ndi selo yamafuta. Choncho, mu kumvetsa kwanu, "injini ya haidrojeni" ayenera kuonedwa makamaka ngati galimoto yamagetsi (onani momwe izo zimagwirira ntchito apa). Iye kwenikweni akuyandikira kwa iye, osati chifukwa chakuti iye ali ndi mafuta monga chinthu.
Mankhwala omwe ali m'munsi mwa piritsili amapangidwa kutenthakuchokera magetsi (zomwe timafunikira pagalimoto yamagetsi) ndi madzi.
Bwanji osati kulikonse?
Vuto lalikulu laukadaulo ndi hydrogen limakhudzana ndi chitetezo chosungira. M'malo mwake, monga LPG, mafutawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kuyaka mukakumana ndi mpweya (ndipo sizinthu zonse). Choncho vuto sikungodzaza galimoto ndi mafuta, komanso kukhala ndi thanki yamphamvu yokwanira kupirira ngozi iliyonse. Zoonadi, mtengo wowonjezerawo ndiwokoka kwambiri, ndipo umawoneka wocheperapo kusiyana ndi batri ya lithiamu-ion, yomwe ikutsika mtengo.
Pomaliza, maukonde opanga ndi kugawa padziko lapansi ndi osatukuka kwambiri, ndipo maboma akufuna kupanga haidrojeni ndi electrolysis pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa (akatswiri ambiri amalankhula za chiwembu cha utopian chomwe sichingachitike mu zenizeni zathu "mwadzidzidzi").
Pamapeto pake, pali mwayi wabwino kuti magetsi ochiritsira adzakhala njira yothetsera tsogolo, osati haidrojeni, yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana kupitirira kuyenda kwa munthu.
Ndemanga zonse ndi mayankho
chatha ndemanga yolemba:
Bernard (Tsiku: 2021, 09:23:14)
Moni
Zikomo chifukwa cha malingaliro amphamvu komanso osangalatsa awa. Ndichoka pamalowa ndi chiphaniphani chatsopano muubongo wanga wakale.
Inemwini, ndikudabwa kuti, kupatula zomwe ndikudziwa za sitima zapamadzi za nyukiliya, palibe amene adapanga injini yabwino pamsewu. Zinalidi zomwe Philips adavumbulutsidwa ku 1971 Brussels Motor Show, ndi 200 hp. pa pistoni ziwiri.
Philips adayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1937-1938 ndikuyambiranso mu 1948.
Mu 1971, adatenga mahatchi mazana angapo pa pistoni. Kuyambira pamenepo sindingapeze kalikonse ... Inde, Chitetezo Chachinsinsi.
Nanga bwanji injini za turbine za gasi?
Nyali zanu zitha kuwonjezera madzi kumphero yanga yoganiza.
Zikomo chifukwa chodziwa komanso kutchuka kwanu.
Ine. 1 Zotsatira (izi) ku ndemanga iyi:
- Admin WOTSATIRA MALO (2021-09-27 11:40:25): Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga, zikomo.
Sindikudziwa mokwanira za injini yamtunduwu kuti ndiweruze, mwina chifukwa cha mtengo, kukula, kukonza zovuta, kuchita bwino kwapakati?
Pokumbukira kuti ndikofunikira kukhala ndi yankho lomwe limakulolani kutentha gasi, chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pamagalimoto amtundu wanthawi zonse kumakhala koopsa (ndipo kudzakhala kosasintha pakapita nthawi).
Mwachidule, ndikukayikira kuti mumayembekezera yankho lolondola komanso lolimba mtima ... Pepani.
(Positi yanu idzawonekera pansi pa ndemanga pambuyo pakutsimikizira)
Lembani ndemanga
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi E, mupeza kuti:
