Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza njira yotumizira anthu

Cholinga ndi chipangizo cha makina "bokosi"

Kutumiza kwapamanja kumatumiza makokedwe opangidwa ndi injini kupita kumagudumu oyendetsa kudzera pakupatsira. Ndi magiya amitundu yambiri okhala ndi chiŵerengero cha zida zosinthika.

Nyumba zowalamulira (mlandu) zimaphatikizidwa ndi injini kukhala gawo limodzi lamphamvu, kutsogolo kwa shaft yolowera m'bokosi kumayikidwa kumapeto kumbuyo kwa crankshaft ya injini.

Makina a clutch nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndipo nthawi zonse amalumikiza injini ya crankshaft flywheel ku shaft yolowetsa gearbox. Clutch imangogwira ntchito panthawi yosintha giya, ndikuchotsa injini ndi gearbox ndikuwonetsetsa kulumikizidwa kwawo kosalala.

M'thupi lamagetsi oyendetsa magalimoto akutsogolo, palinso bokosi la gear losiyana lomwe limagawa torque pakati pa ma shaft oyendetsa ndikulola kuti mawilo azizungulira mothamanga mosiyanasiyana.

Kutumiza kwapamanja kumagawidwa kukhala:

- ndi kuchuluka kwa magiya:

• magawo anayi;
• magawo asanu, ofala kwambiri;
• sikisi-liwiro.

- molingana ndi dongosolo la kinematic:

• ma shaft awiri, mu crankcase ya bokosi lothamanga anayi kapena asanu, ma shafts oyambirira ndi apamwamba amaikidwa;
• atatu-shaft, gearbox gearbox imakhala ndi ma shafts oyambirira, apakatikati ndi apamwamba.

Mwachikhazikitso, kuchuluka kwa magawo a gearbox sikuphatikiza magiya osalowerera komanso obwerera kumbuyo, kuchuluka kwa ma shaft sikuphatikizira giya lakumbuyo.

Magiya okhala ndi mano a ma gearbox ndi a helical mumtundu wa chinkhoswe. Magiya a Spur sagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha phokoso lochulukirapo panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Ma shafts onse amabokosi amakina amayikidwa mumayendedwe ozungulira, ma radial kapena kukankhira, okwera molingana ndi kuwongolera kwa mphamvu yayitali yomwe imachitika mu helical gearing. M'mapangidwe atatu a shaft, ma shafts oyambirira ndi apamwamba amakhala ndi coaxially ndipo, monga lamulo, amakhala ndi singano wamba.

Magiya amazungulira ndikuyenda pamiyendo pazinyalala zowoneka bwino - zitsamba zoponderezedwa zopangidwa ndi ma alloy amkuwa otsika.

Pogwira ntchito mopanda mantha, ma synchronizer amayikidwa omwe amafanana ndi liwiro la magiya panthawi yosinthira.

Magiya a gearbox amawotchi amalumikizidwa ndi omwe amapanga padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amawoneka motere:

• Zida zoyamba - chiŵerengero cha zida 3,67 ... 3,63;
• Wachiwiri - 2,10 ... 1,95;
• Chachitatu - 1,36 ... 1,35;
• Chachinayi - 1,00 ... 0,94;
• Chachisanu - 0,82 ... 0,78, ndi zina zotero.
• Kumbuyo zida - 3,53.

Zida, zomwe liwiro la injini ya crankshaft limagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa shaft yachiwiri ya bokosi, imatchedwa mwachindunji (nthawi zambiri chachinayi).

Kuchokera pamenepo, pofuna kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa shaft yachiwiri, pa liwiro la injini nthawi zonse, kutsika kwapansi kumapita, pofuna kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha kusintha - kuwonjezeka kwa magiya.

Njira zosinthira

Kutumiza kwapamanja kumagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a lever-rocker, momwe magiya a bokosi, akamasuntha magiya, amasunthidwa ndi mafoloko akuyenda motsatira ndodo zofananira pansi pa mphamvu ya lever. Kuchokera kumalo osalowerera ndale, lever imapatutsidwa ndi dalaivala kumanja kapena kumanzere (kusankha zida) ndi mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo (kusintha).

Njira zosinthira molingana ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito zimagawidwa kukhala:

• Zachikhalidwe, kapena zachikale, zomwe zimakulolani kuyatsa zida zilizonse kuchokera ku "zandale".
• Zotsatizana, kulola kusintha kotsatizana kokha.

Njira zotsatizana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panjinga zamoto, mathirakitala, ndi mayunitsi okhala ndi magiya opitilira sikisi - magalimoto ndi mathirakitala.

Kasamalidwe ka kufala kwapamanja

Dalaivala wa novice ayenera kuphunzitsidwa izi kusukulu yoyendetsa galimoto.

Zotsatira zochitika:

• Lowani mgalimoto yoyimitsidwa ndi injini yozimitsa. Tsekani chitseko cha dalaivala, khalani momasuka pampando, mangani lamba wanu.
• Onetsetsani kuti mabuleki oimika magalimoto ali oyaka ndipo chowongolera sichinalowererepo.
• Yambitsani injini.

Chenjerani! Kuyambira pomwe mukuyambitsa, mumayendetsa galimoto ndipo ndinu woyendetsa galimoto.

• Finyani chopondapo cholumikizira, lowetsani zida zomwe mukufuna (choyamba kapena "kubwerera", mukuchoka pamalo oyimika magalimoto).
• Kanikizani pang'ono popondapo gasi. Pamene tachometer ikuwonetsa za 1400 rpm, masulani pang'onopang'ono chowongolera, ndikuchotsa mabuleki oimika magalimoto. Galimotoyo idzayamba kusuntha, koma chopondapo sichikhoza "kuponyedwa" mwadzidzidzi, chiyenera kupitilira kuyenda bwino mpaka ma disks a makina a clutch agwirizane, kusintha liwiro la kuyenda ndi gasi.

Zida zoyamba zimafunika kuti musamangosuntha galimoto pamalo ake, komanso kuti muthamangitse liwiro lomwe, popanda kugwedeza ndi kuyimitsa injini, mutha kuyatsa "wachiwiri" ndikupitiriza kuyenda. molimba mtima.

Kukweza kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono, kusuntha kwa mwendo wakumanzere, komwe kumawongolera zowawa, kumachedwa mwadala. Phazi lamanja limatulutsa gasi synchronously ndi kumasulidwa kwa clutch kumanzere, dzanja lamanja limagwira ntchito molimba mtima chowongolera ndi "kumangirira" zida popanda kuyembekezera kuti galimotoyo ichepetse.

Ndi chidziwitso, "mechanics" control algorithm imapita ku subconscious level, ndipo dalaivala amagwira ntchito mwachidwi ndi clutch ndi "chogwirizira", osayang'ana zowongolera.

Momwe mungasankhire liwiro ndi liwiro la injini yomwe muyenera kusintha magiya

Mu mawonekedwe osavuta, mphamvu ya injini imapangidwa ndi torque yomwe imapanga komanso kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa crankshaft.

Ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito bwino, mphamvu zonse zimadziwika ndi shaft yolowetsamo yotumizira mauthenga ndikudutsa mu dongosolo la gear ndikutumiza ku mawilo oyendetsa.

Ma gearbox opangidwa ndi manja a "makina bokosi" amasintha mphamvu zopatsirana molingana ndi zilakolako za dalaivala, zomwe sizimagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi mphamvu zamagalimoto ndi zochitika zenizeni zoyendetsa.

Mukasuntha magiya "mmwamba", musalole kutsika kwakukulu kwa liwiro la makina panthawi yopuma.

Posintha magiya "pansi", kuchedwa kumafunika pakati pa kusokoneza clutch ndi kusuntha lever kuti mbali za bokosi zichepetse pang'ono pozungulira.

Mukasuntha magiya olunjika komanso apamwamba, simuyenera "kupotoza" injini mpaka malire, ngati mukufuna kugwedezeka mukadutsa kapena kugonjetsa kukwera kwakutali, muyenera kusinthana ndi sitepe kapena "pansi" ziwiri.

Economy drive mode

M'mawu a zolembedwa za galimoto iliyonse, mungapeze "makokedwe apamwamba (akuti ndi otero), pa liwiro (mochuluka)". Liwiro ili, i.e. kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa crankshaft pamphindi, ndipo pali mtengo womwe injiniyo idzapereka kuyesetsa kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa.

Kusungirako

Kutumiza pamanja, kukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, ndi gawo lodalirika kwambiri, lomwe, monga ma gearbox ena aliwonse amakina, limafunikira mtundu wokhawo wa kukonza - kusintha kwamafuta.

Mafuta a giya amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mafuta, omwe, kuwonjezera pa kukhuthala kwakukulu, amakhala ndi anti-kulanda ndi anti-kuvala, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, mphamvu yopondereza ya filimu yamafuta ndi kutsika kwapakati pazovuta zapamtunda, zomwe sizimalola kukhetsa madzi. kuchokera pamalo opaka mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta a gear ayenera kukhala osalowerera mu acidity, kupewa kukokoloka kwa magawo a gearbox opangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo.

Mtundu wa mafuta otumizira ndi nthawi yapakati pa zosintha zikuwonetsedwa mu malangizo agalimoto.

Bokosi la gear ndi gawo lokwera mtengo, mukaligwiritsa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta ofunikira okha.

Chenjerani! Musakhulupirire "ma hacks a moyo" monga "momwe mungadziwire mtundu wa mafuta ndi fungo, kukoma ndi mtundu pogwiritsa ntchito pepala."

Panthawi yogwira ntchito, mafuta a giya amachepetsa mphamvu chifukwa cha nthunzi, samawotcha ndipo samawuluka "mu chitoliro" ngati mafuta amoto, koma amaipitsidwa ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi kukalamba.

Zovuta zazikulu

Zowonongeka zambiri, zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndizo chifukwa cha kufala kwa bukhuli, zimayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa clutch. Zodziwika kwambiri:

• Zida zam'mbuyo zimayatsidwa ndi "crunch", magiya ena amasinthidwa movutikira - zosintha zamagalimoto zimaphwanyidwa, ma clutch "amatsogolera".
• Phokoso lachiphokoso kapena phokoso pamene mukukhumudwitsa chopondapo cha clutch - kuvala kwa kumasulidwa.

Kusokonekera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yonse:

Phokoso lodziwika bwino mukamayenda ndi giya lomwe likugwira ntchito komanso clutch yokhumudwa - kutsogolo kwa gearbox komwe kumakhala mu crankshaft ya injini kudalephera.

Zowonongeka mu "bokosi" zamakina nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi eni ake agalimoto kapena am'mbuyo, nthawi zina amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuvala ndi kung'ambika chifukwa cha ntchito yayitali:

• Kulira pamene mukutsika. Kuvala kapena kulephera kwa ma synchronizer oyima.
• Kumbuyo sikuyatsa - zida zawonongeka kapena foloko yosinthira imapunduka chifukwa choyesa "kutembenukira kumbuyo" osadikirira kuti galimoto iyime kwathunthu.
• Zovuta kusankha kutumiza. Kuphatikizika kwa mpira wa lever wophatikizidwa.
• Kusagwirizana kosakwanira kwa magiya, kulephera kuchitapo kanthu kapena kuchotsera chimodzi mwazo, kusamalidwa mosasamala kwa magiya pamene gasi watulutsidwa. Kuvala zotchingira mpira kapena ndodo zowongolera, kusinthika kwa mafoloko osinthira. Kawirikawiri - kuwonongeka kwa mano a gear.

Ubwino wa kufala kwamanja munjira zosiyanasiyana

M'galimoto ndi "Mechanics", dalaivala sadzimva kuti ali kutali ndi kuyendetsa galimoto.

Pamene chidziwitso chikupezedwa, maluso ndi njira zothandiza zimawonekera ndikuwongolera:

• Kuphulika kwa injini. Ndikofunikira poyendetsa pa ayezi, pamayendedwe aatali kuchokera kuphiri komanso nthawi zina pamene muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito braking yayitali komanso yosalala popanda kutenthetsa mabuleki ndikutaya kukhudzana pakati pa mawilo ndi msewu.
• Kukwera "kutambasula" ndi clutch pang'ono kukhumudwa. Zothandiza mukamayenda m'malo ovuta ndikugonjetsa zopinga zamunthu pa liwiro popanda katundu wodabwitsa pakufalitsa.
• Kusintha kwachangu "choyamba, chobwerera, choyamba." Zimapangitsa kuti "kugwedezeka" galimotoyo ndikuthamangitsa dambo kapena chipale chofewa momwe imakhalira.
• Kutha kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kukokera ndi kukoka anzanu panjira nokha
• Chuma chamafuta. Mu zida zilizonse, mutha kusankha njira yoyendetsera ndalama kwambiri.

Komanso, phindu lamtengo wapatali la kufalitsa kwamanja ndikukonza kosavuta, moyo wautali wautumiki, kupezeka kwa kukonzanso ndi kutsika mtengo kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.