Kutalika kwake ndi malire

The limiter, kapena limiter, amaonedwa kuti ndi mfumu ya mapurosesa onse omwe ali ndi mphamvu ndi phokoso la chizindikiro. Osati chifukwa ndi mtundu wina wa zovuta kwambiri kapena zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito (ngakhale zimachitika), koma chifukwa zimatsimikizira momwe ntchito yathu idzamvekere pamapeto pake.

Kodi limiter ndi chiyani? Poyamba, inkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pawailesi, ndiyeno pawailesi yakanema, mawayilesi owulutsa, kuteteza ma transmitter ku chizindikiro champhamvu kwambiri chomwe chingawonekere pakulowetsa kwake, kupangitsa kudula, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuwononga chowulutsa. Simudziwa zomwe zingachitike mu studio - maikolofoni imagwa, chokongoletsera chimagwa, njanji yomwe ili ndi mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri imalowa - malire amateteza ku zonsezi, zomwe, mwa kuyankhula kwina, zimayimitsa mlingo wa chizindikiro pakhomo lokhazikika mmenemo. ndikulepheretsa kukula kwake.

Koma malire, kapena malire mu Chipolishi, sikuti ndi valve yotetezeka yokha. Opanga m'ma studio ojambulira adawona mwachangu kuthekera kwake pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Masiku ano, makamaka mu gawo la mastering lomwe takambirana m'magawo khumi ndi awiri apitawa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kusakanikirana. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala zaphokoso, koma zoyera komanso zomveka bwino za zida zoimbira, zamtundu wopatulika wa akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito.

Compressor counter limiter

Delimiter nthawi zambiri imakhala purosesa yomaliza yomwe imaphatikizidwa muzolemba zomalizidwa. Uwu ndi mtundu wa kumaliza, kukhudza komaliza ndi wosanjikiza wa varnish womwe umapereka zonse kuwala. Masiku ano, zochepetsera pazigawo za analoji zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mtundu wapadera wa kompresa, malire omwe ali osinthidwa pang'ono. Compressor imasamala kwambiri za chizindikirocho, mulingo wake umaposa malire ena okhazikika. Izi zimalola kuti ikule mowonjezereka, koma ndi kuwonjezereka kowonjezereka, chiŵerengero chake chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi ulamuliro wa Ratio. Mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha 5: 1 chimatanthauza kuti chizindikiro chomwe chimadutsa malire a 5 dB chidzawonjezera kutulutsa kwake ndi 1 dB yokha.

Palibe chiwongolero cha Ratio mu malire, popeza chizindikiro ichi ndi chokhazikika komanso chofanana ndi ∞: 1. Choncho, pochita, palibe chizindikiro chomwe chili ndi ufulu wodutsa malire oikidwa.

Ma compressor / malire a analogi ali ndi vuto lina - sangathe kuyankha nthawi yomweyo chizindikiro. Nthawi zonse pamakhala kuchedwa kwina (m'zida zabwino kwambiri kudzakhala makumi angapo a microseconds), zomwe zingatanthauze kuti phokoso la "wakupha" limakhala ndi nthawi yodutsa purosesa yoteroyo.

Mitundu yamakono ya zochepetsera zapamwamba mu mawonekedwe a mapulagi a UAD kutengera zida za Universal Audio.

Pachifukwa ichi, zida za digito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa izi podziwa bwino komanso pamawayilesi amakono owulutsa. Amagwira ntchito mochedwa, koma kwenikweni, pasadakhale. Kutsutsana kowonekeraku kutha kufotokozedwa motere: chizindikiro cholowetsacho chimalembedwa ku buffer ndipo chimawonekera pazotulutsa pakapita nthawi, nthawi zambiri ma milliseconds ochepa. Choncho, wochepetsera adzakhala ndi nthawi yoti aunike ndikukonzekera bwino kuti ayankhe pazochitika zapamwamba kwambiri. Izi zimatchedwa lookahead, ndipo ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zoletsa digito zizigwira ntchito ngati khoma la njerwa - chifukwa chake dzina lawo lomwe nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito: khoma la njerwa.

Kusungunuka ndi phokoso

Monga tanenera kale, kudulira nthawi zambiri kumakhala komaliza komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa siginecha yokonzedwa. Nthawi zina zimachitika molumikizana ndi dithering kuti muchepetse kuya pang'ono kuchokera pa 32 bits omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira mpaka 16 bits, ngakhale mochulukira, makamaka zinthu zikagawidwa pa intaneti, zimatha kufika pa 24 bits.

Dithering sichinthu choposa kuwonjezera phokoso laling'ono kwambiri pa chizindikiro. Chifukwa pamene zinthu za 24-bit ziyenera kupangidwa kukhala 16-bit, zidutswa zisanu ndi zitatu zosafunikira kwambiri (ie zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lopanda phokoso) zimangochotsedwa. Kotero kuti kuchotsa uku sikumveka momveka bwino ngati kusokoneza, phokoso lachisawawa limalowetsedwa mu siginecha, yomwe, titero, "kusungunula" phokoso la phokoso kwambiri, kupangitsa kudula kwazing'ono kwambiri kukhala kosamveka, ndipo ngati kuli kale, ndiye kuti. ndime zabata kapena kubwebweta, uku ndi phokoso losawoneka bwino la nyimbo.

Yang'anani pansi pa chophimba

Mwachikhazikitso, oletsa malire ambiri amagwira ntchito pa mfundo yokulitsa mulingo wa chizindikiro, pomwe nthawi yomweyo kupondereza zitsanzo ndi mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri pakadali pano ndi chofanana ndi phindu kuchotsera mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Ngati muyika Gain, Threshold, Input in the limiter (kapena mtengo wina uliwonse wa "kuya" kwa malire, omwe kwenikweni ndi mlingo wopindula wa chizindikiro cholowera, chofotokozedwa mu decibels), ndiye mutachotsa pamtengo uwu mlingo womwe ukufotokozedwa. monga Peak , Limit, Output, etc. .d. (panonso, nomenclature ndi yosiyana), chifukwa chake, zizindikirozo zidzaponderezedwa, zomwe mulingo wawo wamalingaliro ungafikire 0 dBFS. Chifukwa chake kupindula kwa 3dB ndi -0,1dB kutulutsa kumapereka kuchepetsedwa kwa 3,1dB.

Zoletsa zamakono zamakono zimatha kukhala zodula, komanso zothandiza kwambiri, monga Fab-Filter Pro-L yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pano. Komabe, amathanso kukhala aulere kwathunthu, owoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala othandiza monga Thomas Mundt Loudmax.

The limiter, womwe ndi mtundu wa kompresa, amangogwira ntchito pazizindikiro pamwamba pa malo otchulidwa - mu nkhani yomwe ili pamwambapa, idzakhala -3,1 dBFS. Zitsanzo zonse zomwe zili pansi pa mtengowu ziyenera kukulitsidwa ndi 3 dB, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zili pansi pa chiwombankhanga, pochita, zidzakhala pafupifupi zofanana ndi zomwe zakhala zikufuula kwambiri, zowonongeka. Padzakhalanso chitsanzo chotsika kwambiri, chofikira -144 dBFS (pazinthu za 24-bit).

Pachifukwa ichi, ndondomeko ya dithering siyenera kuchitidwa isanafike ndondomeko yomaliza. Ndipo ndichifukwa chake ochepetsa amapereka dithering ngati gawo la njira yochepetsera.

Moyo wachitsanzo

Chinthu china chomwe chili chofunikira osati kwambiri pa chizindikiro chokha, koma kuti alandire ndi omvera, ndizo zomwe zimatchedwa milingo ya intersample. Ma converter a D/A, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pazida zogula, amakonda kusiyana wina ndi mnzake ndikutanthauzira chizindikiro cha digito mosiyana, chomwe chimakhala chizindikiro chokwera. Poyesera kusalaza "masitepe" awa kumbali ya analogi, zikhoza kuchitika kuti wotembenuzayo amatanthauzira zitsanzo zina zotsatizana monga AC voltage level yomwe ili yoposa mtengo wamba wa 0 dBFS. Chifukwa chake, kudulira kumatha kuchitika. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zazifupi kwambiri kuti makutu athu azitha kuzimva, koma ngati ma seti okhotakhotawa ali ochuluka ndiponso pafupipafupi, amatha kumveketsa mawu. Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito izi mwadala, kupanga dala zikhalidwe zopotoka zapakati-zitsanzo kuti akwaniritse izi. Komabe, ichi ndi chinthu chosasangalatsa, incl. chifukwa zinthu zotere za WAV/AIFF, zosinthidwa kukhala MP3 yotayika, M4A, ndi zina zotere, zitha kusokonekera kwambiri ndipo mutha kulephera kuwongolera phokoso kwathunthu. Palibe Malire Awa ndi mawu oyamba achidule a zomwe malire ndi gawo lomwe angachite - chimodzi mwa zida zosamvetsetseka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo. Zodabwitsa, chifukwa zimalimbitsa ndi kupondereza nthawi yomweyo; kuti sayenera kusokoneza phokoso, ndipo cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yowonekera bwino momwe angathere, koma anthu ambiri amayiimba m'njira yoti isokoneze. Pomaliza, chifukwa malire ndi ophweka kwambiri mu dongosolo (algorithm) ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo akhoza kukhala purosesa yovuta kwambiri ya zizindikiro, zovuta zomwe zingathe kufananizidwa ndi ma algorithmic reverbs.

Choncho, tidzabwereranso kwa mwezi umodzi.