Dual misa flywheel, njanji wamba ndi turbocharging - momwe mungachepetse kulephera kwa injini zamakono za dizilo?

Ma injini a dizilo amakono amakopa magwiridwe antchito abwino, kuwongolera kwambiri, chikhalidwe chantchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa. Mtengo wa izi ndizovuta komanso zodula kupanga kukonza. Koma zosweka zina zitha kupewedwa ndi ntchito yoyenera.

Nthaŵi zimene dizilo zinali zosavuta, ngakhalenso zakale, zapita mpaka kalekale. Ma injini a dizilo a Turbocharged adakhala odziwika mu 1.9s ndipo Volkswagen idatchuka kwambiri ndi injini yake yosafa ya XNUMX TDI. Ma injiniwa ankagwira ntchito bwino ndipo anali okwera mtengo koma a phokoso.

Zomwe zachitika posachedwa sizikhala zopanda phokoso, zofananira ndi injini zamafuta. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu zoposa 150 hp. ndi torque yayikulu, yomwe imawapangitsa kukhala abwino kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Ndipo adalengedwa m’maganizo mwawo. Nazi mwachidule njira zothetsera luso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zamakono za dizilo, mndandanda wa mavuto awo akuluakulu ndi momwe angapewere.

Dual-mass flywheel - chifukwa cha izo, dizilo siligwedezeka

Kuchulukirachulukira komwe kumapangidwa ndi ma injini pa liwiro lotsika komanso kusinthika kwathunthu kwa kapangidwe kake kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi mu crank-rod system. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, opanga akuyesera kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimotoyo pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopepuka zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa injini yothamanga, yomwe imawononga kwambiri ma gearbox, ma propeller shafts, olowa ndi mayendedwe. Amayambitsa zovuta kwa oyendetsa ndi okwera.

Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kugwedezeka, ma gudumu amtundu wapawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini za dizilo (komanso mu injini zamafuta). Izi nthawi imodzi zimagwira ntchito zamtundu wamtundu wa flywheel ndi vibration damper. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, mfundoyi ili ndi awiri otchedwa misa, pulayimale ndi sekondale. Pakati pawo pali torsional vibration damper, yomwe, chifukwa cha akasupe ndi ma disks, imachepetsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa ndi galimoto.

Kodi mungasamalire bwanji dual mass flywheel?

Mapangidwe a dual-mass flywheel ndi ovuta, ndipo chinthucho chokha chimakhala cholemetsa kwambiri. Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti moyo wake wautumiki ndi waufupi. N’chifukwa chake m’pofunika kwambiri mmene galimoto imayendera. Ngakhale kuti flywheel yapawiri imathandizira kupulumutsa mafuta poyendetsa bwino pama revs otsika, siyenera kuzungulira pansi pa 1500 rpm pakugwira ntchito. Pansi pa mtengo uwu, kugwedezeka kumachitika komwe kumadzaza zinthu zonyowa za flywheel. Kuyamba movutikira komanso kuthamangitsa mwamphamvu kumapangitsanso gawo lamtengo wapatalili kuvala mwachangu. Kukwera pa theka lophatikizana kumaloledwa pokhapokha pazochitika zapadera, chifukwa kumayambitsa kutenthedwa kwa dongosolo lonse ndi kusintha kwa kugwirizana kwa mafuta odziwika bwino a misa iwiri, chifukwa cha zomwe zimayenda zimatha kugwira.

Onaninso: Mapulagi owala mu injini za dizilo - ntchito, m'malo, mitengo. Wotsogolera

Monga mukuonera, kugwira ntchito kosalekeza mumsewu wamtawuni, kuyambika pafupipafupi ndi kusintha kwa zida sizimayendera ma flywheel awiri-misa; imakwaniritsa mtunda waukulu wopanda mavuto pamagalimoto omwe amakhala ndi njira zazitali komanso zabata. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kuvala ndi kugogoda momveka popanda ntchito, kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka mukamakakamiza kwambiri gasi. Chida chachikulu cha dual-mass flywheel ndi 150-200 zikwi. Km (ndi njira yoyendetsera bwino). Ngati kusagwirizana ndi zomwe akulangizidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito amtundu wamagalimoto amzindawu, ma wheel-mass flywheel angafunikire kusinthidwa kale pamtunda wosakwana 100 km. km.

Dual mass flywheel - ndi ndalama zingati kugula yatsopano ndipo ndi ndalama zingati kubwezeretsa?

Mitengo yamawilo atsopano awiri amasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi mtundu wagalimoto, mwachitsanzo (opanga: LUK ndi Valeo):

• Opel Vectra C 1.9 CDTI 120 km - PLN 1610,
• Renault Laguna III 2.0 dCi 130 km - PLN 2150,
• Ford Focus II 1.8 TDCI 115 km - PLN 1500,
• Honda Accord 2.2 i-CTDi 140 Km - PLN 2260.

Pazomwe tatchulazi ziyenera kuonjezedwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi PLN 500-700. Izi sizokwanira, choncho nthawi zambiri gudumu la misala iwiri limasinthidwa pamodzi ndi clutch kuti apewe kuphatikizika kwapawiri komanso kokwera mtengo kwa kufalitsa. Ndikoyenera kutchulanso kuthekera kwa kusinthika kwawiri-mass flywheel. Opaleshoniyi ikuthandizani kuti musunge mpaka theka la ndalama zomwe mungafunikire kugula chinthu chatsopano. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti gudumu lidzayambiranso kugwira ntchito ndi kulimba kwa gawo latsopano pokhapokha pamene zigawo zake zonse zowonongeka ndi zolakwika zidzasinthidwa. Kawirikawiri m'malo: akasupe, Mipikisano groove bushing, katayani nsapato nsapato, amene amalekanitsa chosankha ku chapamwamba ndi m'munsi mbale, mkulu-kutentha mafuta. Ndikofunikiranso kuti magawo oyenerera agwirizane ndi chitsanzo.

Turbocharger - zikomo kwa iye, dizilo ali ndi kukankha

Malamulo okhwima otulutsa utsi amakakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito ma turbocharger ngakhale mumainjini ang'onoang'ono. Kuchokera kwa opanga, iyi ndi njira yopindulitsa, popeza mtengo wowonjezera mphamvu ya galimoto yokhala ndi turbocharger ndi yotsika kwambiri kwa iwo kusiyana ndi kusintha kwachikale kwa mutu ndi kuyendetsa galimoto. Osati popanda kufunikira ndi zinthu monga kuchepetsa kulemera kwa injini ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta ndi mpweya wotchulidwa pamwambapa ndi zinthu zina zovulaza.

Turbocharger iliyonse imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: turbine ndi kompresa. The turbine rotor imayendetsedwa ndi mpweya wotulutsa injini ndipo imafika pa liwiro la 200 rpm. Imalumikizidwa ndi shaft ku rotor ya compressor. Dongosolo lolumikizira limanyamula ndikudzozedwa ndi mafuta a injini. Ma rotors amatetezedwa ku mafuta olowera pogwiritsa ntchito mphete za O. Ntchito ya turbocharger ndikupopera gawo lina la mpweya muzinthu zambiri zomwe zimadya, ndi kukakamiza kwapakati pa 000-1,3 bar. Zotsatira zake, injini imawotcha mafuta ochulukirapo pakanthawi kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito agalimoto.

Momwe mungasamalire turbocharger?

Pafupifupi injini zonse za dizilo zomwe zimapangidwa masiku ano zili ndi turbocharger. Yankho lake ndilotchuka kwambiri, koma, mwatsoka, limakhala lokhudzidwa ndi ntchito yosayenera komanso mwadzidzidzi. Sichiloledwa kuyamba mofulumira ndikufika mofulumira kwambiri mutangoyamba injini. Mpweya wopangira magetsi umayenera kupatsidwa nthawi kuti utenthedwe, uzungulire ndi kupeza mafuta oyenera. Mfundo yomaliza ndiyofunika kwambiri: ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta a injini ndi apamwamba kwambiri komanso oyera, komanso ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. M'malo mwake nthawi yabwino imachepetsedwa ndi theka, monga momwe wopanga amalimbikitsira (nthawi zambiri amakhala 7-10 km). Pambuyo pagalimoto yayitali pa liwiro lalikulu, musati muzimitsa injini nthawi yomweyo, koma dikirani mphindi ziwiri pa liwiro lotsika mpaka ma rotor a turbocharger amachepetsa ndipo chinthu chonsecho chimazizira pang'ono. Ngati malingaliro omwe ali pamwambawa atsatiridwa, moyo wautumiki wa turbocharger uyenera kukulitsidwa.

Kusintha kwa Turbocharger

Komabe, ngati mayendedwe agwira kapena rotor yawonongeka, turbocharger imatha kumangidwanso. Amakhala ndi kuyeretsa bwino kwa turbine ndikusintha zida zotha. Pankhani ya dongosolo lochepa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, turbine yokhala ndi geometry ya rotor blade yokhazikika, njirayi nthawi zambiri imapereka zotsatira zoyembekezeredwa, ndipo chirichonse, kuphatikizapo ntchito, chikhoza kuwononga ndalama zosakwana PLN 1000. Komabe, pankhani ya machitidwe omwe ali ndi geometry yosinthika, pomwe pali zowonjezera zomwe zimatchedwa kutulutsa mpweya kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa turbine rotor, nkhaniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Maupangiri otulutsa mpweya ndi masamba omwe, posintha malo awo, amawongolera kuthamanga kwamphamvu ndikuthandizira kuti pakhale mayendedwe abwino kwambiri kutengera liwiro la injini. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kupezeka kwa zomwe zimatchedwa. turbo zozungulira. Chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa kwa mafuta a dizilo, machitidwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini za dizilo.

Ma turbocharger atsopano okhala ndi geometry yamasamba osinthika amatha kuwononga ndalama zochulukirapo kuposa PLN 5000, kotero sizodabwitsa kuti madalaivala amasankha kukonzanso zida zomwe zidatha. Tsoka ilo, zimachitika kuti ndondomekoyi, yomwe mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umaposa PLN 2000, sichibweretsa zotsatira zomwe zimayembekezeredwa - popanda zida zapadera ndi zipangizo zothandizira, sizingatheke kukonzanso m'njira yosungiramo magawo oyambirira a injini. Muzochitika zovuta kwambiri, magalimoto amataya mphamvu mpaka theka la mphamvu zawo ndi torque. Posankha kupanga turbocharger yosinthika ya tsamba la blade, tiyenera kusankha msonkhano waukadaulo komanso wamakono. Pali msika wosinthira ma turbocharger atsopano, koma chifukwa chaubwino wawo nthawi zambiri komanso kusagwirizana, yankho lotere siliyenera kulingaliridwa.

- Mutha kuzindikira turbocharger yowonongeka ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: galimoto imasuta kwambiri chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya, chifukwa mpweya wochepa woperekedwa ndi kompresa umayambitsa mwaye wambiri, kulira kwa mluzu ndi zitsulo kumamveka poyendetsa galimoto yotsika, galimotoyo ikhoza kukhala "yodetsedwa." ”. Tiyeneranso kukhudzidwa ndi kutayikira kulikonse kwamafuta kuchokera ku turbocharger,” akutero Zbigniew Domański, Katswiri wa Moto-Mix Service ku Siedlce.

Fparticulate fyuluta (DPF / FAP) - chifukwa cha izo, turbodiesel sasuta

Ukadaulo wotsuka mwaye unagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankha kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo ya EU emission Euro 4 ndi Euro 5. DPF (dry filtration) ndi FAP (soot afterburning) zosefera tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi magalimoto onse a dizilo opangidwa lero. Zosefera zapang'onopang'ono zimapezeka munjira yotulutsa mpweya, nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa chosinthira chothandizira, ndipo zimakhala ndi nyumba ndi chinthu. Choyikacho chimapangidwa ndi maukonde ambiri a silicon carbide ophimbidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amamwa mwaye. Tsoka ilo, zosankha zosefera ndizochepa. Opanga apereka fyuluta kudziyeretsa okha ndondomeko, amene ndi kuyatsa mwaye mmenemo. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamtunda wa makilomita zikwi zingapo. Komabe, payenera kukhala mikhalidwe yoyenera pa izi, i.e. kuthekera koyendetsa mokhazikika pa liwiro lalikulu kwa mphindi 10-15. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyendetsa mumsewuwu kapena mumsewu waukulu.

Chiyero afterburning mankhwala si nthawi zonse ogwira; Panali zina pamene gawo lina la mafuta, dosed kuonjezera liwiro la injini, choncho kutentha kwa mpweya utsi, analowa mu injini mafuta, diluting izo. Kuopsa kwa chochitika choterocho kumachitika makamaka ngati ndondomeko ya afterburner imasokonezedwa ndi dalaivala, mwachitsanzo, pakakhala zinthu zosayembekezereka pamsewu: kuphulika kwadzidzidzi, kusintha kwa gear, motero, kupatuka kwa injini kuchokera ku injini. liwiro lowonjezeka. Zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha injini, komanso turbocharger, yomwe imayikidwa ndi mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse pamakhala magawo osayaka mu mwaye, kudzikundikira kwake, posakhalitsa, kumayambitsa kutsekeka kosatha kwa fyuluta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kufunika kosintha. Ndipo izi nthawi zonse zimakhala mtengo wa ma zloty zikwi zingapo, nthawi zambiri fyuluta yatsopano imayerekeza 10000 zlotys.

Momwe mungasamalire zosefera za particulate?

Kuyendetsa mu mzinda kumatha kukhala koopsa kwa zosefera za dizilo. Pamene galimoto sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa motorways, mikhalidwe mu dongosolo utsi si zokwanira kuwotcha mwaye. Chofunika kwambiri apa ndi chidziwitso cha oyendetsa. Ngati timagwiritsa ntchito galimoto yathu nthawi zambiri mumzinda, zimawononga 2-3 zikwi. makilomita, yendani ulendo wamakilomita makumi angapo mumsewuwu.

Onaninso: Injini yamakono ya dizilo - ndizotheka komanso momwe mungachotsere fyuluta ya tinthu tating'ono - kalozera

Ngakhale kutsatira malangizo, moyo utumiki wa fyuluta wamba si upambana 150-200 zikwi mileage. km. Chizindikiro cha fyuluta yotsekeka nthawi zambiri chimakhala kutsika kwa mphamvu ndipo injini imapita kumalo odzidzimutsa. Ndiye mutha kuyesa kukakamiza njira yochotsera kaboni pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, koma izi sizothandiza nthawi zonse. Kumbali ina, kuchotsedwa kwa fyuluta nthawi zonse kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwina (kutulutsa, mapulogalamu) ndipo kumawononga PLN 1500-3000. Ndichigamulo chosaloledwa, ndipo galimoto yotembenuzidwa motere ilibe mwayi wokwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima yotulutsa mpweya. Izi zitha kukhala kuti apolisi amangosunga umboni, kapena mavuto pakudutsa kovomerezeka kwa magalimoto pamalo oyendera magalimoto.

Majekeseni amafuta - injini ya dizilo imayenera kugwira ntchito komanso kutsika kwamafuta.

Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri cha injini zamakono za dizilo ndi majekeseni a dizilo, omwe masiku ano amagwira ntchito panjanji wamba. Injector wamba imakhala ndi thupi, solenoid, valavu yowongolera, ndi nsonga ya jakisoni. Zinthu ziwiri zomalizira nthawi zambiri zimalephera. Ngati valavu yavala, mafuta oti amwedwe amabwereranso ku thanki. Ndiye sitiyambitsa injini. Kumbali ina, chizindikiro chachikulu cha nsonga za jekeseni zotsekedwa kapena zowonongeka ndi utsi wakuda. Majekeseni a njanji amagawidwa ndi mtundu kukhala electromagnetic ndi piezoelectric. Pakadali pano, palibe umisiri wotsimikizika komanso wothandiza pakukonza ndi kusinthika kwa ma jakisoni a piezo; miyeso imangokhala pakuzindikira kwawo ndikusintha ndi zatsopano.

Common njanji injector kusinthika

Komabe, magalimoto amalamulidwa ndi ma jekeseni a electromagnetic, kusinthika komwe ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri komanso yothandiza kukonza. Majekeseni a Denso ndiwosiyana kwambiri pano. Ngakhale kuti zida zosinthira ndi ma chart okonza zilipo kwa machitidwe a Bosch ndi Delphi, Denso imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kukonza zinthu zake kuyambira pachiyambi. Nozzles wa kampani imeneyi anaika pa magalimoto a zopangidwa Japanese ambiri, komanso magalimoto ena Ford ndi Fiat. Posachedwapa, Denso wayamba kuyambitsa ndondomeko yomasuka pang'ono, ndipo msonkhano umodzi wovomerezeka wakhazikitsidwa kale ku Poland, wokhudzana ndi kusinthika kwa majekeseni oterowo. Kutengera mtundu (mwachitsanzo, Toyota), mutha kugula majekeseni kumeneko pamitengo yoyambira PLN 700 mpaka PLN 1400 iliyonse, yomwe ili yochepera theka la mtengo wa chinthu chatsopano kuchokera kwa wopanga.

Onaninso: Kukonzanso ndi kukonza majekeseni a dizilo - njira zabwino kwambiri za jakisoni

Kubwezeretsedwa kwa machitidwe a Bosch ndi Delphi ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri; Tidzalandira gawo lathunthu mu kuchuluka kwa PLN 200 mpaka 700, ndipo mtengo wake watsopano udzakhala kuchokera ku PLN 900 mpaka 1500. Mitengo sichimaphatikizapo mtengo wa ntchito - kuchokera PLN 200 mpaka 300 pa msonkhano wa zida. Komabe, majekeseni a piezoelectric omwe sangathe kukonzedwa, tidzayenera kulipira kuchokera ku 1000 mpaka 1500 zł pa chidutswa; zitsanzo za zitsanzo zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito: Skoda Octavia 2.0 TDI CR, Renault Laguna 2.0 dCi, Mercedes E320 CDI.

Momwe mungasamalire majekeseni mu injini ya dizilo yokhala ndi njanji wamba osati kokha?

Kulephera kwa ma jakisoni mu injini za dizilo nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha mafuta osafunikira a dizilo. Kwa mapangidwe amakono, mafuta otchedwa sulfure opanda mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza sulfure imathandizira kuvala mofulumira kwa jekeseni wa jekeseni. Kukhalapo kwa madzi ndi zonyansa mu mafuta kumatha kuthetsa moyo wa majekeseni mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa amayenera kupirira zovuta mpaka 2000 bar.

Njira yokhayo, koma mpaka pano yokayikitsa yodzitetezera ndikuwonjezera mafuta pamasiteshoni otsimikizika. Kumbukirani kusintha fyuluta yamafuta pafupipafupi; Komanso, kuyeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa thanki yamafuta mumikhalidwe yaku Poland kumawoneka ngati njira yodzitetezera. Ngakhale pamene refueling ndi mafuta dizilo pa malo abwino, pambuyo kuthamanga 50 zikwi. km pansi pa thanki yamafuta pakhoza kukhala matope ambiri, omwe, akayamwa ndi mpope, adzawononga majekeseni.

Onaninso: Galimoto yaying'ono yatsopano - kuyerekeza mtengo wogula ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotchuka

- Mukamayendetsa galimoto yokhala ndi injini yamakono ya dizilo, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a wopanga magalimoto. Chofunika kwambiri ndikukonza nthawi zonse komanso akatswiri, chifukwa injinizi, chifukwa cha zovuta zawo, zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Komabe, ngakhale potsatira malamulowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yanu mwanzeru mumsewu wosakanikirana, mwina simungapewe kulephera kwa majekeseni kapena sefa yotsekeka ya dizilo. Choncho, ngakhale musanagule galimoto, muyenera kuganizira za mtundu wake wa petulo womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala wovuta kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pamafuta ziyenera kusiyidwa pamalo opangira ntchito, akulangiza Zbigniew Domański.