Fiat 0.9 TwinAir injini ziwiri zamphamvu
Zamkatimu
Cylinder iwiri? Kupatula apo, Fiat sichatsopano. Osati kale kwambiri Fiat inali kugulitsa ku Tychy, Poland, komwe kumatchedwa. "Yaing'ono" (Fiat 126 P), yodziwika bwino mdziko lathu, imayendetsedwa ndi injini yamabingu awiri yamphamvu. Pambuyo pa hiatus yayifupi (ma cylinder awiri Fiat 2000 akadali opangidwa mu 126), Fiat Group idaganiza zokhalanso mdziko la injini zamphamvu ziwiri. Injini ya SGE iwiri yamphamvu imapangidwa ku Bielsko-Biala, Poland.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono "yochepa cylindrical" mbiri
Oyendetsa galimoto ambiri achikulire amakumbukira masiku omwe injini ya silinda iwiri (yopanda turbocharged, ndithudi) inali vuto lofala kwambiri. Kuwonjezera kunjenjemera "mwana", ambiri amakumbukira woyamba Fiat 500 (1957-1975), amene kumbuyo injini yamphamvu ziwiri, Citroen 2 CV (nkhonya injini) ndi lodziwika bwino Trabant (BMV - Bakelite Njinga Galimoto). . ) yokhala ndi injini ya silinda iwiri yokhala ndi mikwingwirima iwiri komanso yoyendetsa kutsogolo. Nkhondo isanayambe, mtundu wopambana wa DKW unali ndi zitsanzo zambiri zofanana. F1 inali mpainiya wamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi matabwa kuyambira 1931, ndipo injini ya silinda itatu idagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya DKW mpaka zaka makumi asanu. Ogulitsa ma silinda awiri a LLoyd ku Bremen (1950-1961, onse awiri ndi anayi) ndi Glas kuchokera ku Dingolfing (Goggomobil 1955-1969). Ngakhale DAF yaying'ono yodziwikiratu yochokera ku Netherlands idagwiritsa ntchito injini yamasilinda awiri mpaka XNUMXs.
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti n'kosavuta kukhala ndi masilindala osachepera anayi m'galimoto, Fiat anaganiza kuchitapo kanthu. Eni ake "otchuka padziko lonse" HTP akhoza kulankhula za izi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, n'zodziwika bwino kuti awiri yamphamvu injini ndi voliyumu phindu kwa chiŵerengero pamwamba pa chiŵerengero cha kuyaka, komanso zomvetsa otsika kukangana, amene anaika mtundu uwu wa injini mmbuyo pa ndondomeko ya opanga magalimoto ambiri. Fiat mpaka pano wakhala woyamba kutenga ntchito yosintha "kukuwa" kamodzi kokha ndi kugwedeza "tsache" kukhala njonda yodzichepetsa. Pambuyo pakuwunika kangapo ndi gulu la atolankhani, tinganene kuti adachita bwino kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kumwa mowa kumathandizanso kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Fiat imasunga malo oyamba pakuchepetsa malire a CO2 kwa 2009 pafupifupi 127 g / km.
0,9 iwiri yamphamvu SGE yokhala ndi voliyumu yolondola ya 875 cc3 adapangidwa kuti asinthe mitundu ina yofooka yamoto wamiyala yayitali yamoto. M'malo mwake, ziyenera kubweretsa ndalama zambiri osati kungogwiritsa ntchito komanso mpweya wa CO.2, koma izi ndizopulumutsa kwakukulu komanso zazikulu pakupanga. Poyerekeza ndi injini yofananira yamphamvu inayi, ndi 23 cm wamfupi komanso wopepuka wa khumi. Makamaka, ndi 33 masentimita okha ndipo amalemera makilogalamu 85 okha. Makulidwe ang'onoang'ono ndi kulemera kwake sikungochepetsa mitengo yopanga ndizochepa, komanso zimathandizira pakuyenda ndi moyo wazinthu zamagalimoto. Palinso njira zina zabwino zokhazikitsira zinthu zina zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga kukhazikitsa magetsi owonjezera pamagetsi osakanikirana kapena kutembenuka kopanda mavuto kukhala LPG kapena CNG.
Kugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira kwa injini iyi kunali Fiat ya 2010, yoperekedwa ku Geneva ndikugulitsidwa kuyambira Seputembara 500, yokhala ndi mtundu wama 85 wamahatchi (63 kW). Malinga ndi wopanga, amapanga pafupifupi 95 g yokha ya C0.2 pa kilomita, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kumwa pafupifupi 3,96 L / 100 Km. Zimatengera mtundu wa mumlengalenga wokhala ndi mphamvu ya 48 kW. Mitundu ina iwiriyi ili ndi turbocharger ndipo imapereka mphamvu ya 63 ndi 77 kW. Injiniyo ili ndi mawonekedwe a TwinAir, pomwe Twin amatanthauza ma silinda awiri ndi Air ndi Multiair system, i.e. electro-hydraulic nthawi, m'malo mwa camshaft yolowera. Silinda iliyonse imakhala ndi hydraulic unit yomwe ili ndi valve solenoid yomwe imatsimikizira nthawi yotsegulira.
Injiniyo ili ndi zomangamanga zonse zotayidwa ndipo ili ndi jekeseni wamafuta wosalunjika. Chifukwa cha makina omwe atchulidwawa a MultiAir, nthawi yonse yocheperako idangokhala yodzidalira yokha yomwe ili ndi tensioner yayitali yomwe imayendetsa camshaft yotulutsa utsi. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, kunali koyenera kukhazikitsa shaft yoyendetsera yozungulira kawiri liwiro mbali inayo kupita ku crankshaft, komwe imayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi zida za spur. Turbocharger yomwe idakhazikika ndimadzi ndi gawo la mapaipi otulutsa utsi ndipo, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kamakono ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, imapereka yankho mwachangu pachipangiracho. Potengera makokedwe, mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri ndi wofanana ndi 1,6 woyeserera mwachilengedwe. Zipangizo mphamvu 85 ndi 105 HP okonzeka ndi chopangira madzi utakhazikika ku Mitsubishi. Chifukwa cha ungwiro waluso uwu, sipafunikira valavu yampweya.
Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira shaft yoyeserera?
Kukhazikika ndi bata kwa injini kumafanana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zonenepa ndi kapangidwe kake, ndi lamulo loti zachilendo komanso makamaka zonenepa zochepa zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito a injini. Vuto limakhalapo chifukwa chakuti ma pistoni amapanga mphamvu zazikulu za inertia poyenda ndikutsika, zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Mphamvu zoyambirira zimayamba pamene pisitoni imathamanga ndikuchepetsa pakatikati. Mphamvu zachiwiri zimapangidwa ndikusunthira kowonjezera kwa ndodo yolumikizira mbali pakati pakupindika kwa crankshaft. Luso lopangira ma mota ndikuti mphamvu zonse zopanda mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito limodzi pogwiritsa ntchito zotchinga kapena zida zotsutsana. Injini yamphamvu yamayendedwe khumi ndi iwiri kapena yamphamvu zisanu ndi imodzi ndiyabwino kuyendetsa. Makina osanjikiza anayi amtundu wamakina amakumana ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwambiri komwe kumayambitsa kunjenjemera. Ma pistoni omwe ali mu silinda iwiri amakhala munthawi yomweyo pamwamba ndi pansi pakufa, kotero kunali koyenera kukhazikitsa shaft yolumikizana ndi mphamvu zosafunikira zosafunikira.
