Toyota Land Cruiser Prado Engines

Mu 1987, Toyota kapangidwe gulu anayamba kulenga Baibulo opepuka la Land Cruiser heavy SUV - 70 chitsanzo. Galimoto yopangidwa ndi zitseko zitatu inali yopambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kupitiliza kwake bwino kunali galimoto yopepuka, yabwino yokhala ndi zitseko zisanu, yomwe idayamba kupangidwa mochuluka mu 1990. Galimoto yatsopano yapamsewu yopangidwa ndi chimango, yokhala ndi zida zochepetsera, ma axles akumbuyo komanso akutsogolo olimba, idalandira dzina loti Prado.

Choyamba cha mndandanda watsopano wa Toyota mu 1990 - Land Cruiser Prado

Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi kupanga

Yoyamba, yowoneka ngati yowoneka bwino, yokhala ndi mazenera apamwamba amakona anayi, ndi chipinda chocheperako, chocheperako, galimotoyo imawoneka yachilendo kwambiri kuyambira zaka zapitazi. Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta: okonza adachipanga osati ngati SUV. Analowa mumsika wapadziko lonse mu mawonekedwe a galimoto yamtundu wa nyengo zonse - galimoto yamtundu uliwonse pamawilo. Malo ochitira msonkhano wa Prado SUVs ndi mecca ya engineering ya Toyota, mzere wa msonkhano ku Tahara Plant ku Aichi Prefecture.

• Mbadwo woyamba (1990-1996).

Mkati mwa galimotoyo, pamipando itatu, kuwonjezera pa dalaivala, okwera ena asanu ndi aŵiri akanatha kukhala bwino. Mlingo wa chitonthozo unali usanachitikepo kwa magalimoto azaka zimenezo. Kuphatikiza apo, mainjiniya adapatsa Prado luso labwino kwambiri lodutsa dziko. Ndizomveka kuti injini zamafuta ndi dizilo ziyenera kuyikidwa pagalimoto yayikulu chotere. Kapangidwe kake kunakhala kopambana kotero kuti kwa zaka zisanu SUV idagulitsidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi popanda kusintha kwadongosolo.

• M'badwo Wachiwiri (1996-2002).

Monga mndandanda woyamba, magalimoto atatu ndi asanu adagubuduza pamzere wa msonkhano. Koma mapangidwe awo a Prado 90 sanalinso ngati mawonekedwe a woyambitsa chitsanzocho. Kutsatsa kwaukali kwa Mitsubishi Pajero kunakakamiza opanga ma Toyota kuti agwire ntchito bwino. Mawonekedwe a chimango ozikidwa pa nsanja ya 4Runner asintha kwambiri. M'malo mwa chitsulo chosalekeza, kuyimitsidwa kodziimira kunayikidwa kutsogolo. Magawo otsekera amitundu iwiri adawonjezedwa pamakina oyendetsa magudumu onse okhala ndi zida zochepetsera - pakati ndi chitsulo chakumbuyo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini idawonjezeredwanso ndi 140 hp turbocharged dizilo.

Mapangidwe okongola a thupi la Prado 3rd m'badwo

• M'badwo wachitatu (2002-2009).

Mapangidwe a thupi la m'badwo wachitatu Prado 120 adapangidwa ndi akatswiri aku France ochokera ku studio ya ED2. Kusintha kwa zitseko zisanu kunafika pamsika wa Russia kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana latsopano. Koma ogula m'mayiko ena, monga kale, adapatsidwanso mtundu wa zitseko zitatu. Zigawo zazikulu zagalimoto zidachitika kusinthika kwamakono:

• chimango
• kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo;
• thupi.

Mwa zinthu zatsopanozi, munthu amatha kuzindikira mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa kwapambuyo kwa pneumatic, ma adaptive shock absorbers, njira yothandizira mmwamba ndi pansi, chiwongolero champhamvu, ABS, ndi galasi lamagetsi lamagetsi. Lingaliro la kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kufalitsa kwa galimoto sikunasinthe. Ogwiritsa ntchito adapatsidwa mwayi wosankha zodziwikiratu (4x) ndi makina (5x).

• M'badwo wachinayi (2009 - 2018).

Pulatifomu yatsopanoyi yakhala ikudutsa pamzere wa Tahara Plant kwa zaka khumi. Ndipo ndi molawirira kwambiri kuti tilankhule za kutha kwa kupanga SUV, yomwe chaka chilichonse ikukula kwambiri. Galimoto yatsopanoyi ili ndi mapangidwe ambiri kuposa luso laumisiri. Ngati mawonekedwewo akuchotsa pang'onopang'ono kusintha kwakuthwa m'malo mwa mawonekedwe ofewa ozungulira, ndiye kuti mapangidwe amkati, m'malo mwake, amasiyanitsidwa ndi geometry yolondola.

Kamera yowonera kumbuyo idayikidwa ku Prado 120

Restyling mu 2013 anawonjezera zambiri zanzeru zaluso phukusi galimoto:

• 4,2-inchi LCD polojekiti pa bolodi;
• kuwongolera kosiyana;
• kuyimitsidwa kosinthika (kwa mitundu yayikulu);
• kamera yakumbuyo;
• dongosolo loyambira injini popanda kiyi yoyatsira;
• kuyimitsidwa kinetic kukhazikika dongosolo;
• pulogalamu ya trailer sway control.

Mndandandawu ukhoza kupitilizidwa kosatha. Pamagulu osiyanasiyana ogula, omwe amapanga Prado akonzekera mitundu inayi yoyambira - Entry, Legend, Prestige ndi Executive.

Kutengera ndi kuyimitsidwa kwamtundu wanji pagalimoto, woyendetsa wa Prado SUV wamakono ali ndi mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto pagulu lankhondo:

• atatu muyezo - ECO, NORMAL, SPORT;
• ziwiri zosinthika - SPORT S ndi SPORT S +.

Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zoikamo payokha pakugwira ntchito kwa chiwongolero, ma gearbox ndi ma shock absorbers. Opanga galimotoyo adatsala pang'ono kukwaniritsa cholinga chawo.

Opanga Prado akwaniritsa cholinga chawo: SUV yatsopano ndi yoyandikira kwambiri malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake ku Land Cruiser 200.

Injini za Toyota Land Cruiser Prado

Chimphona choyendetsa magudumu onse chikhoza kupikisana pa nthawi yopangira ndi nthawi yayitali ya msika wamagalimoto, opangidwa ndi gulu la Toyota auto nkhawa - Corolla, Chaser, Celica, Camry, RAV4. Komanso mayunitsi awiri okha anaikidwa pa mibadwo iwiri yoyamba Prado - 1KZ-TE ndi 5VZ-FE. Pokhapokha m'zaka za zana latsopano mzere wa injini unasinthidwa pang'ono. Njira zovuta komanso zolemetsa zoterezi zimafuna njira yopangira mapangidwe, ndipo amapangidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Kwa zaka 28, injini zisanu zokha za Toyota zodziwika bwino zakhala gawo la malo opangira magetsi a Prado.

Kuyika chizindikiro	mtundu	kukula, cm 3	Mphamvu zazikulu, kW / hp	Makina amagetsi
1KZ-TE	dizilo turbocharged	2982	92/125	jekeseni wa multipoint, OHC
5 VZ-FE	petulo	3378	129/175	anagawira jekeseni
1GR-FE	-: -	3956	183/249	-: -
2TR-FE	-: -	2693	120/163	-: -
1KD-FTV	dizilo turbocharged	2982	127/173	DOHC, Common Rail + intercooler
1GD-FTV	-: -	2754	130/177	Njanji wamba

Ngakhale makhalidwe enieni luso, Prado Motors anali angwiro unsembe pa zitsanzo zina zazikulu za Toyota magalimoto (16 onse):

lachitsanzo	1KZ-TE	5 VZ-FE	1GR-FE	2TR-FE	1KD-FTV	1GD-FTV
galimoto
Toyota
4Oyendetsa	*	*
Grand Hiace	*	*
Granviva	*	*
FJ Cruiser	*
Fortuner	*	*	*
Hiace	*	*	*	*
Hilux PickUp	*	*	*
Apa pakubwera Mfumu	*
Hilux Surf	*	*	*	*	*
Land cruiser	*
Land cruiser prado	*	*	*	*	*	*
Royal	*
Royal Ace	*	*	*
Tacoma	*	*
Ulendo wa Hiace	*
Tundra	*	*
Chiwerengero:	8	6	7	7	6	5

Monga nthawi zonse, kulondola kwachijapani ndi chidwi chowerengera phindu lazachuma lanthawi yayitali zidathandizira. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya mgwirizano wa nodal, mameneja ndi opanga sanafunikire kuwononga nthawi ndi ndalama popanga mayunitsi atsopano ngati ali ndi makope opangidwa bwino kwambiri.

Injini yotchuka kwambiri yamagalimoto a Land Cruiser Prado

Popeza palibe zitsanzo zambiri zomwe injini zomwezo zinayikidwa pa Prado SUV, ndizomveka kulingalira zamagulu otchuka kwambiri pakati pa zitsanzo zonse. Mosakayikira, gawo lamphamvu kwambiri, mafuta a lita anayi 1GR-FE, adakhala ngwazi yazaka khumi zoyambirira zazaka za zana la 5 pakugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi. Kuyamba kwake pansi pa hood ya Prado m'malo mwa 2002VZ-FE yomwe inatha nthawi imeneyo inali ya XNUMX.

Chifukwa cha kutchuka wosangalatsa wa SUVs ndi pickups kumbuyo gudumu pagalimoto mbali zonse za Pacific, kupatula Japan, kupanga ake unakhazikitsidwa mu United States of America.

1GR-FE injini

 

Motor amapangidwa mu mitundu iwiri:

• ndi VVTi gawo regulator;
• Dual-VVTi.

Kutalika - 3956 cm³. Zimasiyana ndi mayunitsi ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Prado ndi makonzedwe a V-woboola pakati pa ma silinda (camber angle 60 °). Kuthamanga kwa injini ku 3200 rpm - 377 N * m. Zoyipa zaukadaulo zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyipa (mpaka 352 g / km) ndi phokoso lalikulu. Ntchito ya mphunozo imamveka ngati kulira kofewa kwa ziboda za akavalo.

Aluminiyamu yamphamvu chipika, khalidwe la Toyota injini mzere wa m'zaka za m'ma latsopano, mothandizidwa ndi zingwe zitsulo. Pambuyo posintha mu 2009 zinthu zolemera kwambiri za gulu la piston ndi crankshaft ndi zitsanzo zopepuka, ndi Dual-VVTi gawo regulator, injiniyo idakwanitsa kupanga 285 hp.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakukonzanso, njira yolowera idasinthidwa, chifukwa chomwe chiŵerengero cha psinjika chinawonjezeka kufika 10,4: 1.

Mu omanga a 1GR-FE, kupatula ma pistoni opepuka. Chipinda chatsopano choyaka moto cha squish chinakhazikitsidwa. Ubwino wa chidziwitso ichi ndi chodziwikiratu. Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwamphamvu komwe kwadziwika kale, mphamvu yamafuta amafuta yawonjezeka (mtundu wa pasipoti - AI-92). Kutsekemera kwa petulo kunaletsedwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yamadoko olowera kuchepetsedwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi 5VZ-FE.

1GR-FE injini valavu kusintha

Makope opangira makope agalimoto amapewa vuto lalikulu ngati kutayikira kwamafuta. Koma chidwi china chinkadikirira madalaivala: kutentha pang'ono kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa cylinder head gasket. Izi zimafuna chisamaliro chowonjezera pamayendedwe amagetsi amagetsi. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ma hydraulic lifters. Mailosi zikwi zana zilizonse. Makilomita amafunikira kusintha kwa valve pogwiritsa ntchito ma washer apadera. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndi kupewa malfunctions zazing'ono (katatu, akulimbana couplings, "kusambira" opanda ntchito, etc.), muyezo gwero injini anali 300 zikwi Km.

Kusankha injini yabwino kwa Prado

Injini za Toyota Land Cruiser Prado SUV ndizodziwika kwambiri. Kwa mbali zambiri, awa ndi mayunitsi ovuta kwambiri aukadaulo omwe opanga adakwanitsa kuphatikizira umisiri wambiri wamakono mu chemistry, mechanics, kinematics, optics, zamagetsi ndi luntha lochita kupanga. Chitsanzo chimodzi chotere ndi injini ya dizilo ya 1KD-FTV turbocharged. Uyu ndiye woyamba kubadwa wa mndandanda watsopano wamtundu wa KD, womwe unatuluka pamzere wa msonkhano mu 2000. Kuyambira pamenepo, yakhala ikukwezedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti ichepetse kutayika kwa mphamvu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.

1KD-FTV - injini yoyamba ya mndandanda watsopano wa 2000

Mayesero oyerekeza omwe anachitika pakati pa injini iyi ndi omwe adatsogolera, 1KZ-TE, adawonetsa kuti chitsanzo chatsopano ndi 17% champhamvu kwambiri. Chotsatira ichi chinatheka chifukwa cha njira yophatikizira magetsi komanso kuwongolera njira yopangira mafuta osakaniza. Galimotoyo idayandikira pafupi ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu ku zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zamainjini amafuta. Ndipo ponena za torque, idapitilira patsogolo.

Akatswiri adatha kukwaniritsa chiŵerengero chapadera cha 17,9: 1. Injini ndi capricious kwambiri, chifukwa ankafuna mkulu kwambiri pa khalidwe la mafuta dizilo anatsanulira mu akasinja. Ngati pali kuchuluka kwa sulfure mmenemo, ntchito yaikulu inawononga nozzles mu zaka 5-7. Tinayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi makina atsopano amafuta. Njira yodziwika bwino ya batire ya njanji ndi valavu ya EGR imafunikira chidwi chapadera.

Ndondomeko ya ntchito ya gasi recirculation system

Ngati mafuta otsika kwambiri adatsanuliridwa mu thanki, zotsalira zosawotchedwa zidayikidwa mozama m'malo osiyanasiyana:

• pa kudya zobwezedwa ndi dampers wa dongosolo kusintha geometry ake;
• pa valavu EGR.

Mtundu wa utsiwo unasintha nthawi yomweyo ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumachepa. Njira ya "mankhwala" a vuto ndi kuyeretsa zodzitetezera za dongosolo mafuta ndi turbocharging aliyense 50-70 zikwi Km. thamanga.

Kuwonjezera apo, kuyendetsa galimoto m’misewu yosakonzedwa bwino kumayambitsa kunjenjemera. Mfundo zonsezi kuchepetsa moyo wa injini pa misewu Russian 100 zikwi Km. Komabe, mavuto angapewedwe mothandizidwa ndi kupewa mosamala. Mwachitsanzo, kukonza nthawi zonse mavavu ndi kusintha kwa mipata yotentha kumawonjezera ma mileage musanayambe kukonzanso.

Pazovuta zina, titha kuzindikira vuto lomwe limapezeka pamagulu onse a Toyota - kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri komanso kuphika.

Ngakhale capriciousness ndi subtleties ndondomeko ikukonzekera ndi kukonza, 1KD-FTV injini anasonyeza bwino pansi pa nyumba ya "Toyota Land Cruiser Prado". Ndi chisamaliro choyenera kwa izo, njira zolondola zogwirira ntchito ndi mayeso odzitetezera nthawi zonse ndi kukonza, galimotoyo "inalipira" eni ake a SUV ndi ndalama zomwezo - mphamvu, liwiro ndi kudalirika.