Injini Toyota 1N, 1N-T
Zamkatimu
Injini ya Toyota 1N ndi injini yaying'ono ya dizilo yopangidwa ndi Toyota Motor Corporation. Izi magetsi opangidwa kuchokera 1986 mpaka 1999, ndipo anaikidwa pa "Starlet" mibadwo itatu: P70, P80, P90.
Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, injini za dizilo zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu SUVs ndi magalimoto amalonda. Toyota Starlet yokhala ndi injini ya 1N inali yotchuka ku Southeast Asia. Kunja kwa dera lino, injini ndi yosowa.
Zopangidwe za Toyota 1N
Injini yoyatsira mkati iyi ndi injini yoyaka mkati mwa ma silinda anayi okhala ndi voliyumu yogwira ntchito ya 1453 cm³. Makina opangira magetsi ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu, chomwe ndi 22: 1. Chophimba cha silinda chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo choponyedwa, mutu wa block umapangidwa ndi aloyi wopepuka wa aluminiyamu. Mutu uli ndi ma valve awiri pa silinda, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi camshaft imodzi. Chiwembu chokhala ndi malo apamwamba a camshaft chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi ndi jakisoni pampu drive - lamba. Zosinthira magawo ndi ma hydraulic valve clearance compensators saperekedwa, ma valve amafunikira kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi yoyendetsa galimoto ikasweka, ma valve amakhala opunduka, kotero muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe lamba alili. Zotsalira za pisitoni zidaperekedwa nsembe mokomera kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana kwakukulu.
Dongosolo lamagetsi lamtundu wa Prechamber. Pamutu wa silinda, pamwamba pa chipinda choyaka moto, chiwombankhanga china choyambira chimapangidwira momwe mafuta osakaniza mpweya amaperekedwa kudzera mu valve. Akayatsidwa, mpweya wotentha umagawidwa kudzera munjira zapadera m'chipinda chachikulu. Yankholi lili ndi maubwino angapo:
- kudzaza bwino kwa masilindala;
- kuchepetsa utsi;
- Kuthamanga kwambiri kwamafuta sikofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yosavuta yamafuta, yomwe imakhala yotsika mtengo komanso yokhazikika;
- kusakhudzidwa ndi mtundu wamafuta.
Mtengo wamapangidwe oterowo ndizovuta kuyambitsa nyengo yozizira, komanso phokoso lokweza, "longa thalakitala" pagulu lonselo.
Ma cylinders amapangidwa kwanthawi yayitali, sitiroko ya pistoni imapitilira m'mimba mwake. Kusintha uku kwapangitsa kuti chiwongolero chiwonjezeke. Mphamvu yamagalimoto ndi 55 hp. pa 5200 rpm. Torque ndi 91 N.m pa 3000 rpm. Shelefu ya torque ya injini ndi yotakata, injini imakhala ndi zokoka bwino zamagalimoto otere pama revs otsika.
Koma Toyota Starlet, okonzeka ndi injini kuyaka mkati, sanasonyeze agility kwambiri, amene mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu otsika enieni - 37 ndiyamphamvu pa lita imodzi ya voliyumu ntchito. Ubwino wina wa magalimoto ndi injini 1N ndi mkulu dzuwa: 6,7 L / 100 Km m'tawuni mkombero.
Toyota 1N-T injini
Mu 1986 chomwecho, miyezi ingapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa injini Toyota 1N, anayamba kupanga 1N-T turbodiesel. Gulu la pisitoni silinasinthe. Ngakhale psinjika chiŵerengero anasiyidwa chimodzimodzi - 22: 1, chifukwa otsika ntchito ya anaika turbocharger.
Mphamvu ya injini idakwera mpaka 67 hp. pa 4500 rpm. Makokedwe pazipita anasamukira ku zone ya liwiro otsika ndi kufika 130 N.M. pa 2600 rpm. Chipangizocho chinayikidwa pamagalimoto:
- Toyota Tercel L30, L40, L50;
- Toyota Corsa L30, L40, L50;
- Toyota Corolla II L30, L40, L50.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa injini za 1N ndi 1N-T
Ma injini a dizilo ang'onoang'ono a Toyota dizilo, mosiyana ndi anzawo amafuta, sanapeze kutchuka kwakukulu kunja kwa dera la Far East. Magalimoto okhala ndi 1N-T turbodiesel adawoneka bwino pakati pa anzawo a m'kalasi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Magalimoto okhala ndi mtundu wocheperako wa 1N adagulidwa ndi cholinga chochoka pa point A kupita kumalo B pamtengo wotsika, zomwe adathana nazo. Ubwino wa injini izi ndi izi:
- zomangamanga zosavuta;
- kusakhudzidwa ndi mafuta abwino;
- mosavuta kukonza;
- ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito.
Choyipa chachikulu cha ma mota awa ndi gwero lotsika, makamaka mu mtundu wa 1N-T. Ndi kawirikawiri kuti galimoto akhoza kupirira 250 zikwi Km popanda kukonzanso lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo 200 Km, psinjika akutsikira chifukwa kuvala ya yamphamvu-piston gulu. Poyerekeza, ma turbodiesel akuluakulu a Toyota Land Cruiser amayamwitsa modekha 500 km popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu.
Chotsalira china chachikulu cha injini za 1N ndi 1N-T ndi phokoso lalikulu la thirakitala lomwe limayenderana ndi ntchito ya injini. Phokoso limamveka mumtundu wonse wa rev, zomwe sizimawonjezera chitonthozo poyendetsa.
Zolemba zamakono
Gome likuwonetsa magawo ena a injini za N-series:
| Injini | 1N | Mtengo wa 1NT |
|---|---|---|
| Chiwerengero cha masilindala | R4 | R4 |
| Mavavu pa yamphamvu iliyonse | 2 | 2 |
| block zakuthupi | chitsulo choponyedwa | chitsulo choponyedwa |
| Zida zamutu wa cylinder | Zotayidwa aloyi | Zotayidwa aloyi |
| Pisitoni sitiroko, mm | 84,5 | 84,5 |
| Cylinder awiri, mm | 74 | 74 |
| Chiyerekezo cha kuponderezana | 22:1 | 22:1 |
| Voliyumu yogwira ntchito, cm³ | 1453 | 1453 |
| mphamvu, hp rpm pa | 54/5200 | 67/4700 |
| Torque N.m rpm | 91/3000 | 130/2600 |
| Mafuta: mtundu, voliyumu | 5W-40; 3,5 l. | 5W-40; 3,5 l. |
| Kupezeka kwa chopangira mphamvu | palibe | inde |
Kusintha zosankha, kugula injini ya mgwirizano
Ma injini a dizilo a N-series sizoyenera kukweza mphamvu. Kuyika turbocharger yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba sikumaloleza kupsinjika kwakukulu. Kuti muchepetse, muyenera kukonzanso gulu la pistoni. Sizingathekenso kuonjezera liwiro lalikulu, injini za dizilo zimanyinyirika kwambiri kuti zizitha kuzungulira 5000 rpm.
Ma injini a contract ndi osowa, chifukwa mndandanda wa 1N sunali wotchuka. Koma pali zotsatsa, mtengo umayamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 50. Nthawi zambiri, injini zotulutsa kwambiri zimaperekedwa; ma motors adasiya kupanga zaka zopitilira 20 zapitazo.
