Opel Astra injini

1991 inali chaka choyamba cha galimoto yatsopano ya Adam Opel OG. Mapeto a zaka makumi atatu hegemony wa Opel Kadett E anali tsiku lobadwa nyenyezi. Umu ndi momwe dzina la wopitilira miyambo, galimoto ya Astra, imamvekera pomasulira kuchokera ku Chilatini. Magalimoto adasankhidwa kuyambira ndi chilembo F. Magalimoto oyambirira anabwera kumsika wa ku Ulaya monga oimira "kalasi ya gofu" yatsopano. Magalimoto amtundu wa J ndi K akupangidwabe kumafakitale a General Motors mpaka lero.

1991 Astra Premiere hatchback

  Astra F - wopanga mafashoni aku Europe

Kudandaula Adam Opel AG adabweretsa zosintha zingapo pamsika wa F. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa Caravan unapangidwa ngati ngolo yazitseko zisanu ndi "lole" yazitseko zitatu. Kuphatikiza apo, ogula amatha kusankha:

• sedan - 4 zitseko;
• hatchback - 3 ndi 5 zitseko.

Magalimoto anali osiyanasiyana bwino kwambiri. Ma hatchbacks anali ndi chipinda chonyamula katundu cha malita 360. Sitima yapamtunda mu mtundu wamba idakwera mpaka malita 500, ndipo mipando yakumbuyo idapindidwa pansi - malita 1630. Kuphweka, kugwira ntchito ndi kuphweka - izi ndizo makhalidwe akuluakulu omwe adadziwika ndi ogwiritsa ntchito onse a galimoto yatsopano popanda kupatulapo. Kukonzanso mu 1994 kunabweretsa zida zatsopano zamkati kwa otengera galimotoyo. Chikwama cha airbag chinayikidwa pachiwongolero.

Makulidwe a matupi amitundu yosiyanasiyana Opel Astra

Kampaniyo sinaiwale okonda ntchito zakunja ndi masewera. Kwa iwo, mitundu iwiri ya injini ya 2-lita inayikidwa pa GT version - 115 ndi 150 hp. Mu 1993, mtunduwo udawonjezedwa ndi galimoto yotseguka yokhala ndi anthu anayi agulu losinthika. Kupanga kwake kwakung'ono kudaperekedwa ndi oyang'anira aku Germany ku kampani yodziwika bwino yamagalimoto yaku Italy Bertone. Galimoto analandira Kuwonjezera chizindikiro - chidule GSI (Grand Sport jekeseni). Mitundu "yoyipitsidwa" yotereyi idasiya mafakitole ku UK, South America, Australia, India, Poland, South Africa, China mpaka 2000. Kwa nyengo zinayi zotsatira, magalimoto a F kuchokera ku Poland adagulitsidwa kumayiko omwe kale anali msasa wa Socialist ndi Turkey.

M'zaka za zana latsopano - pansi pa kalata G

M'badwo wachiwiri wa galimoto wotchuka analandira kalata yotsatira ya zilembo Chilatini. Monga mtundu woyamba, Astra G idapangidwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Australia, chizindikiro cha Holden chasinthidwa ndi zilembo TS. Baibulo lachi Britain linayamba kudziwika kuti Vauxhall Mk4. Opel Astra G anafika ku mayiko a USSR wakale:

• Russia - Chevrolet Viva.
• Ukraine - Astra Classic.

Kusintha kwa mndandanda wa G kunalandira mitundu iwiri ya kufala - kufala kwa Japanese 4-speed automatic ndi 5-speed manual ndi hydraulic drive. Zambiri zamapangidwe:

• anti-lock braking system (ABS);
• kuyimitsidwa - McFerson kutsogolo, theka-wodziimira mtengo - kumbuyo;
• mabuleki a disc.

Chachilendo chinali kukhazikitsidwa kwa anti-slip system.

Astra G OPS yamphamvu yosinthika poyendayenda ku Europe

Chosangalatsa kwambiri pamzerewu chinali hatchback ya OPC GSI yokhala ndi injini ya 160 hp (1999). Patapita zaka zitatu, pansi chidule ichi anayamba kuonekera magalimoto masanjidwe ena - coupes, station ngolo, convertibles. Chotsatiracho chinakhala chodziwika kwambiri pamsika wa ku Ulaya. Ndi injini turbocharged mphamvu 192-200 HP. ndi voliyumu ya 2,0 malita. ankawoneka ngati chilombo chenicheni.

Astra H - woyamba ku Russia

Mu 2004, ku Russia kupangidwa kusinthidwa kwa mndandanda wachitatu wa magalimoto a Astra. Kusonkhana kwa magalimoto a SKD kunachitika ndi kampani ya Kaliningrad "Avtotor" kwa zaka zisanu. 2008 inali chaka choyamba chopanga mtundu wa Opel. Chombocho chinali m’mudzi wa Shushary, m’chigawo cha Leningrad. Patapita nthawi, msonkhanowo unakonzedwanso ku Kaliningrad.

Mndandanda wa H unakhala chiyambi cha magalimoto a Astra a mapangidwe atsopano - sedans. Iwo adalowa m'malo mwa Vectra B. Pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa Istanbul mu 2004, galimoto yatsopanoyo inapangidwa ku Germany, Ireland, Mexico ndi Brazil (4-khomo la Chevrolet Vectra hatchback). Mu mzere wa mndandanda munalinso zitsanzo za thupi ndi ngolo zamasiteshoni. Chotsatiracho chinakhala maziko a chilengedwe mu 2009 Astra TwinTop coupe-cabriolet. Ku Russia, zitsanzozi zinapangidwa mpaka 2014 monga Astra Family.

Wonyamula chomera cha Kaliningrad "Avtotor"

Ndipo komabe, mapangidwe a hatchback adakhalabe otchuka kwambiri. Mu Baibulo la zitseko zisanu, ndi injini 1,6-lita mphamvu 115 HP, galimoto anali ndi ubwino wambiri:

• ma airbags okwera anayi;
• mazenera kumbuyo mphamvu;
• mpando Kutentha dongosolo;
• nyengo;
• kamera yakumbuyo.

Kuphatikizidwa ndi makina a stereo a CD/mp3 ndi bokosi la gear lothamanga zisanu ndi chimodzi m'matembenuzidwe apamwamba, galimotoyo inkawoneka bwino.

Oimira amphamvu kwambiri a mndandanda wa H ndi magalimoto omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu Active ndi Cosmo kasinthidwe ndi zotengera zokha ndi injini za turbocharged:

• 1,6-lita 170 hp;
• 1,4-lita 140 hp

Tsamba latsopano la mndandanda watsopano

Pa chiwonetsero cha magalimoto cha Frankfurt cha 2009, Opel adakhazikitsa nsanja yatsopano yolumikizirana, Delta II, kumsika wamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi. Mafotokozedwe a galimoto yatsopanoyo adagwirizana kwambiri ndi zisankho za olemba a Insigna concept. Chomera choyamba chomwe magalimoto a mndandanda wa H adayamba kusonkhanitsidwa mokwanira anali Vauxhall m'chigawo cha Chingerezi cha Cheshire.

Chowonadi choseketsa m'mbiri ya mndandandawu ndikukana kwa oyang'anira Opel kugwiritsa ntchito chilembo chomwe ndimatsatira H mu zilembo zachilatini.

Kulemba kwa lingaliro lachitsanzo ndi gulu la Opel Design Center (Rüsselheim, Germany). Nthawi yonse yoyeretsedwa yachitsanzo mumsewu wamphepo idapitilira maola 600. Okonzawo asintha kwambiri maonekedwe a hatchback:

• wheelbase anawonjezera 71 mm;
• kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe.

Chassis idapangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo la mechatronic. Izi zinachititsa kuti kuphatikiza zimango ndi "anzeru" kachitidwe magetsi mbali zosiyanasiyana za galimoto, monga kuyimitsidwa FlexRide. Dalaivala akhoza paokha kusintha mitundu itatu ya kuyimitsidwa (Standart, Sport kapena Tour) kuti zigwirizane ndi kayendetsedwe kake.

Chithunzi cha kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa ma hatchbacks a J-mndandanda

Kuphatikiza pakusintha kosinthika pamakina owongolera, gulu lopanga lidapatsa makasitomala zinthu zina zosangalatsa:

• dongosolo lamakono lounikira mkati ndi mipando ya ergonomic;
• zowunikira za bi-xenon za m'badwo watsopano wa AFL +.

Anaganiza zoyika kamera yowonera kutsogolo kwa Opel Eye pamitundu yonse ya mndandanda watsopano. Imatha kuzindikira zikwangwani zapamsewu zomwe zimayikidwa panjira ndikuchenjeza zapatuka panjira yoyenera yoyenda.

Astra K - galimoto ya m'tsogolo

Mamembala amakono a banja la Astra la magalimoto a Opel ndi hatchback ya K. Mapangidwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake adapezeka kwa ogula mu September 2015 ku Frankfurt. Patatha miyezi 10, galimoto yoyamba idapeza wogula:

• ku UK - monga Vauxhall Astra;
• ku China - pansi pa mtundu wa Buick Verano;
• pa kontinenti yachisanu yokhala ndi zilembo za Holden Astra.

Mapangidwe a galimotoyo akhala amakono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zosintha zakale. Ili ndi luso laposachedwa kwambiri pankhani yaukadaulo wamagalimoto. Kuphatikiza pa hatchback ya zitseko 5, palinso ngolo yoyendetsa mawilo akutsogolo. Zatsopano zasonkhanitsidwa m'mafakitale awiri - ku Poland Gliwice ndi Elzmirport, ku Foggy Albion. Dzina la nsanja ndi D2XX. Pakati pa magalimoto a gofu, omwe tsopano amadziwika bwino kwambiri monga C-kalasi, Astra K mwina ndi nthabwala kapena kwambiri amatchedwa "quantum leap".

Salon Opel Astra K

Madalaivala sapatsidwa zosachepera 18 zosankha zosinthira mipando. Mosafunikira kunena, AGR yotsimikizika. Kupatulapo:

• Diso la Opel lodziwikiratu potsata zikwangwani zamsewu;
• kulamulira madera akufa;
• njira yobwezera galimoto kunjira yake podutsa msewu;

Mu "Mechanics" buku la injini ya 3-silinda ndi mphamvu ya 105 hp. ndi 1 lita, ndi liwiro pa autobahn ndi pansi 200 Km / h. Kwa kufala kwa sikisi-speed automatic, 4-silinda 1,6 lita. injini (136 hp).

Zomera zamagetsi za Opel Astra

Chitsanzo ichi cha automaker wotchuka German - ngwazi mtheradi pakati pa abale ake ndi chiwerengero cha injini anaika pa zosintha zosiyanasiyana. Kwa mibadwo isanu, panali ochuluka ngati 58 a iwo:

Kuyika chizindikiro	buku, l.	mtundu	Voliyumu,	Mphamvu zazikulu, kW / hp	Makina amagetsi
cm 3 pa
A13DTE	1.2	dizilo turbocharged	1248	70/95	Njanji wamba
A14NEL	1.4	petulo turbocharged	1364	88/120	anagawira jekeseni
A14NET	1.4	-: -	1364	101 / 138, 103 / 140	DOHC, DCVCP
A14XEL	1.4	petulo	1398	64/87	anagawira jekeseni
A14XER	1.4	-: -	1398	74/100	DoHC
A16 YOsavuta	1.6	petulo turbocharged	1598	132/180	jekeseni mwachindunji
A16XER	1.6	petulo	1598	85 / 115, 103 / 140	anagawira jekeseni
A16XHT	1.6	-: -	1598	125/170	jekeseni mwachindunji
Chithunzi cha A17DTJ	1.7	dizilo	1686	81/110	Njanji wamba
Chithunzi cha A17DTR	1.7	-: -	1686	92/125	-: -
A20DTH	2	-: -	1956	118/160, 120/163, 121/165	-: -
Chithunzi cha A20DTR	2	dizilo turbocharged	1956	143/195	-: -
B16DTH	1.7	-: -	1686	100/136	-: -
Chithunzi cha B16DTL	1.6	-: -	1598	81/100	-: -
C14NZ	1.4	petulo	1389	66/90	jekeseni imodzi, SOHC
Chithunzi cha C14SE	1.4	-: -	1389	60/82	jekeseni wa port, SOHC
C18 XEL	1.8	-: -	1799	85/115	-: -
C20XE	2	-: -	1998	110/150	-: -
X14NZ	1.4	-: -	1389	66/90	-: -
X14XE	1.4	-: -	1389	66/90	anagawira jekeseni
Zithunzi za X16SZ	1.6	-: -	1598	52 / 71, 55 / 75	jekeseni imodzi, SOHC
Chithunzi cha X16SZR	1.6	-: -	1598	55 / 75, 63 / 85	jekeseni imodzi, SOHC
X16XEL	1.6	-: -	1598	74 / 100, 74 / 101	anagawira jekeseni
Chithunzi cha X17DT	1.7	petulo turbocharged	1686	60/82	Mtengo wa SOHC
Chithunzi cha X17DTL	1.7	dizilo turbocharged	1700	50/68	-: -
X18XE	1.8	petulo	1799	85/115	anagawira jekeseni
X18XE1	1.8	-: -	1796	85/115, 85/116, 92/125	-: -
Chithunzi cha X20DTL	2	dizilo turbocharged	1995	60/82	Njanji wamba
Chithunzi cha X20XER	2	petulo	1998	118/160	anagawira jekeseni
Mtengo wa Y17DT	1.7	dizilo turbocharged	1686	55/75	Njanji wamba
Y20DTH	2	-: -	1995	74/100	-: -
Chithunzi cha Y20DTL	2	-: -	1995	60/82	-: -
Chithunzi cha Y22DTR	2.2	-: -	2172	88 / 120, 92 / 125	-: -
Z12XE	1.2	petulo	1199	55/75	anagawira jekeseni
Z13DTH	1.3	dizilo turbocharged	1248	66/90	Njanji wamba
Z14XEL	1.4	petulo	1364	55/75	anagawira jekeseni
Z14 pa	1.4	-: -	1364	64 / 87, 66 / 90	-: -
KUYAMBIRA ZAKA 16	1.6	petulo turbocharged	1598	132/180	-: -
Z16SE	1.6	petulo	1598	62 / 84, 63 / 85	-: -
Z16XE	1.6	-: -	1598	74 / 100, 74 / 101	-: -
Z16XE1	1.6	-: -	1598	77/105	-: -
Z16 pa	1.6	-: -	1598	74/100, 76/103, 77/105	-: -
Z16XER	1.6	-: -	1598	85/115	-: -
Z16YNG	1.6	mpweya	1598	71/97	-: -
Z17DTH	1.7	dizilo turbocharged	1686	74/100	Njanji wamba
Zithunzi za Z17DTL	1.7	-: -	1686	59/80	-: -
Z18XE	1.8	petulo	1796	90 / 122, 92 / 125	anagawira jekeseni
Z18XEL	1.8	-: -	1796	85/116	-: -
Z18XER	1.8	-: -	1796	103/140	-: -
Z19DT	1.9	dizilo turbocharged	1910	88/120	Njanji wamba
Z19DTH	1.9	-: -	1910	88 / 120, 110 / 150	-: -
Chithunzi cha Z19DTJ	1.9	-: -	1910	88/120	-: -
Zithunzi za Z19DTL	1.9	-: -	1910	74 / 100, 88 / 120	-: -
Z20LEL	2	petulo turbocharged	1998	125/170	anagawira jekeseni
Zithunzi za Z20LER	2	petulo mumlengalenga	1998	125/170	jekeseni mwachindunji doko
petulo turbocharged	1998	147/200
KUYAMBIRA ZAKA 20	2	petulo turbocharged	1998	140/190, 141/192, 147/200	anagawira jekeseni
Z22SE	2.2	petulo	2198	108/147	jekeseni mwachindunji

Ma motors awiri kuchokera pamzere wonsewo ndi odabwitsa kwambiri kuposa ena. Z20LER ya malita awiri yokha idatulutsidwa pansi pa cholembera chomwechi m'mitundu iwiri yosiyana:

• mumlengalenga, ndi jekeseni mwachindunji mafuta, 170 hp
• jekeseni mazana awiri amphamvu, ndi turbocharger.

Z16YNG ndiye injini yokhayo yamafuta achilengedwe a Opel Astra.

Injini yotchuka kwambiri ya Opel Astra

Zimakhala zosavuta kusankha injini, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala maziko a magetsi pa magalimoto a Opel Astra. Ichi ndi injini ya 1,6-lita yamafuta amtundu wa Z16. Zosintha zake zisanu zidatulutsidwa (SE, XE, XE1, XEP, XER). Onsewo anali ndi buku lomwelo - 1598 kiyubiki sentimita. Mu makina opangira magetsi, jekeseni idagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mafuta - gawo lowongolera jekeseni.

Z16XE injini

Izi injini 101 hp mu 2000, iye anakhala wolowa m'malo injini X16XEL, amene anaika pa zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana Opel. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zisanu pa Astra G. Pazinthu zopangidwira, ziyenera kudziwika kukhalapo kwa Multec-S (F) control system, electronic throttle control. Masensa a okosijeni amayikidwa mbali zonse za chothandizira.

Ngakhale kutchuka kwake kwakukulu, ntchito yake inalibe mavuto. Zina zazikulu ndi izi:

• kuchuluka mafuta;
• backlash wa otolera okwera zigawo.

Kuti athandize oyendetsa galimoto amene akukumana ndi mavuto ndi ntchito ya injini, Madivelopa anaika dongosolo EOBD kudzifufuza. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa injini mwachangu kwambiri.

Kusankha koyenera kwa injini pogula Astra

Njira yosankha kuphatikiza koyenera kwa mapangidwe agalimoto ndi magetsi nthawi zonse imatsagana ndi malingaliro opweteka, kuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali kwa materiel ndipo, pomaliza, kudziyesa. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini za Ecotec, sizovuta kusankha masanjidwe oyenera a magetsi a Opel Astra. Ndemanga zitatu zapamwamba komanso mavoti osiyanasiyana azaka zaposachedwa akhala akuphatikiza mafuta a turbocharged A14NET. Kusamuka kwa injini - 1364 cm3, mphamvu - 1490 hp. pazipita liwiro - 202 Km / h.

Turbocharged Ecotec A14NET injini

Turbocharger imathandiza injini kupirira mosavuta kuyendetsa galimoto m'misewu yazovuta zilizonse ndi kasinthidwe. Poyerekeza ndi injini iliyonse ya malita awiri, imawoneka yodalirika kwambiri. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mlengiyo adayika turbine pa injini ya voliyumu yaying'ono ngati iyi. Koma iwo mwamtheradi anaganiza izo, popeza injini anali wopambana kwambiri. Pambuyo kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu 2010, nthawi yomweyo anapita mndandanda kwa mitundu ingapo ya magalimoto Opel - Astra J ndi GTC, Zafira, Meriva, Mocca, Chevrolet Cruise.

Kupeza bwino kunali kuyika kwa unyolo wanthawi. Zikuwoneka zodalirika kwambiri kuposa lamba. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa ma hydraulic lifters, kufunika kosintha ma valve nthawi zonse kunathetsedwa. Kusintha nthawi ya valve kumayendetsedwa ndi DCVCP system. Turbine A14NET ili ndi zinthu zitatu zosiyana:

• kudalirika;
• phindu;
• zazikulu zazing'ono.

"Zoyipa" zimaphatikizanso kusankhidwa kwapadera kwa chipangizocho ku mtundu wamafuta omwe amatsanuliridwa.

Injini sayenera kudzaza kwambiri poyendetsa. Sizinapangidwe kuti zizikankhira liwiro lalikulu ndikukwaniritsa liwiro lapamwamba, monga A16XHT, kapena A16LET. Njira yabwino yoyendetsera galimoto ndiyo kuyendetsa ndalama pamayendedwe apakatikati. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta sikudutsa malita 5,5. pamsewu waukulu, ndi malita 9,0. pa msewu wa mzinda. Kutengera zofunikira zonse za wopanga, injini iyi ipangitsa kuti woyendetsa asakhale ndi zovuta zochepa.

opel astra h mwachidule ndemanga, zilonda zazikulu