Ma injini a DOHC ndi SOHC: kusiyana, zabwino ndi zoyipa

Asanasankhe galimoto, mwiniwake wa galimoto wam'tsogolo akukumana ndi chidziwitso chochuluka, poyerekeza zikwi za makhalidwe. Nambala iyi imaphatikizapo mtundu wa injini, komanso mapangidwe a mutu wa silinda, zomwe zidzakambidwenso. Kodi injini ya DOHC ndi SOHC ndi chiyani, kusiyana kwawo, chipangizo, ubwino ndi kuipa kwake ndi chiyani - werengani.

📌SOHC engine ndi chiyani

 Single Over Head Camshaft (camshaft imodzi yokha) - ma motors amenewa anali pachimake cha kutchuka mu 60-70s ya zaka zapitazo. Mapangidwe ake ndi camshaft pamwamba (pamutu wa silinda), komanso ma valve angapo:

• kusintha kwa valavu pogwiritsa ntchito rocker mikono, yomwe imakonzedwa pachitsulo chosakanikirana, pomwe mavavu olowetsa ndi kutulutsa masanjidwe amakonzedwa mu mawonekedwe a V. Dongosolo lofananalo lidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pagalimoto zaku America, zoweta za UZAM-412, zinali zotchuka chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri yamphamvu;
• kugwiritsira ntchito ma valve pogwiritsa ntchito miyala, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya makamu a shaft yozungulira, pomwe ma valve akukonzedwa motsatira;
• kupezeka kwa ma pusher (ma hydraulic lifters kapena ma foweling), omwe amapezeka pakati pa valavu ndi cam ya shawa.

Masiku ano, opanga magalimoto ambiri okhala ndi injini yamagetsi 8 amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a SOHC ngati mtundu wotsika mtengo wotsika mtengo.

Mbiri ya injini ya SOHC

Mu 1910, kampani ya Maudslay idagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yogawa gasi panthawiyo pamitundu 32 HP. Mbali yapadera ya injini yomwe ili ndi nthawi yotereyi ndikuti pali camshaft imodzi yokha pamakinawo, ndipo inali pamwamba pamiyala yamphamvu pamutu.

Valavu iliyonse imatha kuyendetsedwa ndimiyala, miyala kapena ma cylindrical pusher. Ma injini ena, monga Triumph Dolomite Sprint ICE, amagwiritsa ntchito ma valavu osiyanasiyana. Gulu lolowera limayendetsedwa ndi ma pusher, ndipo gululi limayendetsedwa ndi oponya miyala. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, camshaft imodzi idagwiritsidwa ntchito.

📌Kodi injini ya DOHC ndi chiyani?

 Kodi injini ya DOHC ndi chiyani (ma camshafts awiri apamwamba) - ndi njira yabwino ya SOHC, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma camshaft awiri, n'zotheka kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ma valve pa silinda (nthawi zambiri ma valve 4), mitundu iwiri ya masanjidwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. :

• ma valve awiri pa silinda - ma valve amafanana wina ndi mzake, shaft imodzi mbali iliyonse;
• mavavu anayi kapena kupitilira apo pa silinda - mavavu amayikidwa limodzi, shaft imodzi ya injini ya 4-silinda imatha kukhala ndi mavavu 2 mpaka 3 (injini ya VAG 1.8 20V ADR).

Zowonjezeka kwambiri ndi ma mota a DOHC chifukwa chokhoza kusintha magawo azakudya ndi zotulutsa, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mavavu osakweza ma cam ambiri. Tsopano injini turbocharged yekha ali kamangidwe ndi camshafts awiri kapena kuposa, kupereka dzuwa apamwamba.

Mbiri yakapangidwe ka injini ya DOHC

Akatswiri anayi ochokera ku Peugeot adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga injini ya nthawi ya DOCH. Gululi linadzatchedwa "Gulu la Zinayi". Asanayambe kupanga ntchitoyi, anayiwo anali opambana pamipikisano yamagalimoto. Pogwira nawo mpikisano, malire othamanga kwambiri a injini anali zikwi ziwiri pamphindi. Koma aliyense wothamanga amafuna kuti galimoto yake ikhale yothamanga kwambiri.

Izi zidatengera zomwe Zukkareli anafotokoza. Malinga ndi lingaliro lake, camshaft yothandizira magasi idayikidwa pamwamba pa gulu lamagetsi. Chifukwa cha izi, okonza adakwanitsa kupatula zida zosafunikira pakapangidwe kazinthu zamagetsi. Ndipo pofuna kukonza magwiridwe antchito a gasi, valavu imodzi yolemetsa idasinthidwa ndi iwiri yopepuka. Kuphatikiza apo, camshaft ya munthu idagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ndi kutulutsa mavavu.

Mnzake, Henri, adachita kuwerengera koyenera kuti adziwe lingaliro lamakina osintha magwiridwe antchito. Malingana ndi kuwerengera kwake, mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati imatha kuchulukitsidwa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta osakaniza omwe amalowa munthawi imodzi yamagetsi. Izi zidakwaniritsidwa mwa kukhazikitsa mavavu awiri ang'onoang'ono mumutu wamphamvu. Adzagwira ntchitoyi moyenera kwambiri kuposa valavu imodzi yayikulu.

Poterepa, BTC ilowetsa zonenepa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso osakanikirana bwino. Chifukwa cha ichi, mafuta amachepetsa, ndipo mphamvu zake, m'malo mwake, zimawonjezeka. Kukula kumeneku kwadziwika, ndipo kwakhazikitsidwa mu mphamvu zamakono zamakono.

DOHC yokhala ndi mavavu awiri pa silinda iliyonse

Masiku ano, masanjidwe ngati amenewa sanagwiritsidwe ntchito. M'zaka za m'ma 70 za zaka makumi awiri, injini ya ma valve awiri yotchedwa shaft yotchedwa 2OHC, ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amasewera monga Alfa Romeo, rally "Moskvich-412" kutengera mtundu wamtundu wa SOHC. 

DOHC yokhala ndi ma valavu anayi pa silinda iliyonse

Kapangidwe kofala kamene kakhala kokhazikitsidwa ndi zikwizikwi zamagalimoto. Ndiyamika camshafts awiri, kunali kotheka kukhazikitsa mavavu 4 pa yamphamvu iliyonse, kutanthauza kuti dzuwa apamwamba chifukwa bwino kudzazidwa ndi kuyeretsa yamphamvu. 

📌Momwe DOHC imasiyanirana ndi SOHC komanso mitundu ina ya injini

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri yamagalimoto ndi kuchuluka kwa ma camshafts ndi makina opanga ma valve. Pazochitika zoyamba ndi zachiwiri, camshaft nthawi zonse imakhala pamutu wamphamvu, ma valve amayendetsedwa kudzera pama rocker rockers, rockers kapena hydraulic lifters. Amakhulupirira kuti V-valve SOHC ndi 16-valve DOHC ali ndi mphamvu zofanana komanso makokedwe ofanana chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake.

📌Zabwino ndi zoyipa za DOHC

Pazoyenera:

• kuyendetsa bwino mafuta;
• mphamvu yayikulu poyerekeza ndi masanjidwe ena;
• mipata yokwanira yowonjezera mphamvu;
• phokoso locheperako chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic compensators.

Zoyipa:

• zambiri kuvala mbali - okwera mtengo kukonza ndi kukonza;
• chiopsezo chotuluka kunja kwa gawo chifukwa chamasula unyolo wa nthawi kapena lamba;
• kutengeka kwa msinkhu ndi mafuta.

📌Zabwino ndi zoyipa za SOHC

Pazoyenera:

• yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta kukonza chifukwa chamapangidwe osavuta;
• kuthekera kokhazikitsa ma turbocharged okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi V;
• kuthekera kodzikonzekeretsa kokonza magalimoto.

Zoyipa:

• m'njira zambiri kutsika kwenikweni, poyerekeza ndi DOHC;
• mowa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi injini 16-vavu chifukwa cha mphamvu osakwanira;
• kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa moyo wa injini pakukonzekera;
• kufunika kowonetsetsa pafupipafupi dongosolo la nthawi (kusintha mavavu, kuyendera ma pusher, m'malo mwa lamba wa nthawi).

Pomaliza, tikupereka kanema wamfupi wonena zakusiyana pakati pama mota amtunduwu:

SOHC vs DOHC | Ma Autotechlabs

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Ndi magalimoto ati omwe ali ndi injini za DOHC. Magalimoto ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wa DOHC akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mgalimoto kuyambira mzaka za m'ma 1960. Poyamba anali kusinthidwa ndi mavavu awiri pa yamphamvu (polowera mmodzi, kubwereketsa wina). Mavavu olowera ndi kutulutsa amadalira camshaft imodzi. Pambuyo pake, panali lamba wokhala ndi ma camshafts awiri, cholembera chimodzi chokha chimadalira ma valve anayi (awiri polowera, awiri kubwalo). Mndandanda wathunthu wa injini zotere ndizovuta kupanga, koma makina opanga makina akuwonetsa kusinthaku kwa magwiritsidwe amagetsi okhala ndi cholembedwa choyenera pachikuto cha silinda kapena zolembedwa zaukadaulo.

Makina otani ndi injini za SOHC. Ngati galimotoyo ndi yachuma, ndiye kuti njira yogawa gasi ya injini yachitsanzo iyi idzakhala ndi camshaft imodzi yamagetsi onse. Kutalika kwa kutchuka kwa injini zoterezi kumagwera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70, koma m'magalimoto amakono, kusinthidwa kwa mayunitsi amagetsi omwe ali ndi njira yogawa gasi nthawi zambiri kumapezeka. Kusunga nthawi kotereku kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zolemba zofananira pachikuto chamutu champhamvu.