Kufikira zosaoneka ndi dzanja lachitatu

Ngati pali "chowonadi chowonjezereka", chifukwa chiyani sipangakhale "anthu owonjezera"? Kuphatikiza apo, zosintha zambiri ndi mayankho atsopano opangidwira "munthu wapamwamba" adapangidwa kuti athandizire kuyang'ana "zosakanikirana zenizeni" zaukadaulo, digito ndi thupi (1).

Khama la ofufuza pansi pa mbendera ya AH (Augmented Human) kuti apange "munthu wowonjezereka" amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidziwitso ndi kusintha kwa thupi monga gawo lofunikira la thupi la munthu. (2). Mwaukadaulo, kukulitsidwa kwamunthu nthawi zambiri kumamveka ngati chikhumbo chokulitsa luso la munthu komanso kukulitsa thupi lake. Komabe, pakadali pano, njira zambiri zothandizira zamankhwala zakhala zikuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera kapena kubwezeretsa zomwe zimawonedwa kuti ndizolakwika, monga kuyenda, kumva, kapena kuwona.

Anthu ambiri amaona kuti thupi la munthu ndi luso lachikale lomwe limafunika kusintha kwambiri. Kuwongolera biology yathu kungamveke ngati choncho, koma kuyesa kukonza umunthu kunayamba zaka masauzande angapo. Timachitanso bwino tsiku lililonse kudzera muzochita zina, monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kumwa mankhwala kapena zinthu zowonjezera mphamvu, ngati caffeine. Komabe, zida zomwe timawongolera biology yathu zikuyenda bwino kwambiri komanso zikuyenda bwino. Kuwongolera kwathunthu kwa thanzi laumunthu ndi kuthekera kumathandizidwa motsimikizika ndi zomwe zimatchedwa transhumanists. Amati transhumanism, filosofi yokhala ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa ukadaulo wopititsa patsogolo moyo wamunthu.

Ambiri okhulupirira zam'tsogolo amatsutsa kuti zida zathu, monga mafoni a m'manja kapena zida zina zonyamulika, ndizowonjezera kale za cerebral cortex yathu ndipo m'njira zambiri ndi njira yolimbikitsira umunthu. Palinso zowonjezera zochepa monga robot yamkono yachitatuolamulidwa ndi malingaliro, omangidwa posachedwa ku Japan. Ingolumikizani lamba ku kapu ya EEG ndikuyamba kuganiza. Asayansi ku Institute of Advanced Telecommunications Technology ku Kyoto adawapanga kuti apatse anthu chidziwitso chatsopano, chachitatu chomwe chimafunikira nthawi zambiri kuntchito.

2. Ma diode oikidwa m'manja

Uku ndikuwongolera kuposa ma prototype prostheses odziwika. yoyendetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a BMI. Nthawi zambiri, machitidwe amapangidwa kuti apangitsenso miyendo yomwe ikusowa, pomwe mapangidwe a ku Japan amaphatikizapo kuwonjezera kwatsopano. Mainjiniya adapanga dongosololi ndikulingalira zambiri, kotero dzanja lachitatu silifuna chidwi chonse cha wogwiritsa ntchito. Poyesera, ofufuzawo adawagwiritsa ntchito kuti agwire botolo pomwe munthu yemwe anali ndi ma electrode a BMI "achikhalidwe" adachita ntchito ina yolinganiza mpira. Nkhani yofotokoza za dongosolo latsopanoli inatuluka m’magazini yotchedwa Science Robotics.

Ma infrared ndi ultraviolet kuti muwone

Chizoloŵezi chodziwika pakusaka kupatsa mphamvu kwaumunthu ndikukulitsa mawonekedwe kapena kuchepetsa kusawoneka kozungulira ife. Anthu ena amatero kusintha kwa chibadwazomwe zidzatipatse, mwachitsanzo, maso ngati mphaka ndi njuchi nthawi imodzi, kuphatikizapo makutu a mileme ndi kumva kununkhira kwa galu. Komabe, njira yosewera ndi majini ikuwoneka kuti siyesedwa kwathunthu komanso yotetezeka. Komabe, mutha kufikira zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakulitsa kumvetsetsa kwanu zenizeni zomwe mukuwona. Mwachitsanzo, ma lens omwe amalola masomphenya a infrared (3). M'zaka zaposachedwa, asayansi ku yunivesite ya Michigan adanenanso kuti adapanga chowunikira chowunikira kwambiri cha graphene chomwe chimagwira ntchito mumitundu yonse ya infrared. Malinga ndi Prof. Zhaohui Zhong kuchokera ku dipatimenti yamagetsi yamagetsi ya yunivesite iyi, chowunikira chopangidwa ndi gulu lake chikhoza kuphatikizidwa bwino ndi magalasi olumikizirana kapena kumangidwa mu foni yamakono. Kuzindikira kwa mafunde mu umisiri wawo kumachitika osati kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi okondwa, koma poyesa zotsatira za ma elekitironi omwe amaperekedwa mu graphene wosanjikiza pamagetsi oyandikana nawo, kuphatikiza ❖ kuyanika kwa graphene.

Komanso, gulu la asayansi ndi mainjiniya motsogozedwa ndi Joseph Ford kuchokera ku UC San Diego ndi Erica Tremblay kuchokera ku Institute of Microengineering ku Lausanne yapanga magalasi olumikizirana okhala ndi fyuluta ya polarizing, yofanana ndi yomwe imavalidwa m'makanema a 3D, omwe amalola kuwoneka pafupifupi XNUMXx kukulitsa. Kutulukira, amene mwayi waukulu kwambiri, kwa optics amphamvu chotero, makulidwe ang'onoang'ono magalasi (kungopitirira millimeter), anapangidwa kwa okalamba akudwala amblyopia chifukwa cha kusintha kwa macula m'maso. Komabe, anthu omwe amawona bwino amathanso kutenga mwayi pakukulitsa kwa kuwala - kungowonjezera luso lawo.

Palinso imodzi yomwe sikuti imalola madokotala kuti awone zamkati mwa thupi la munthu popanda kuchitidwa opaleshoni, ndi makina oyendetsa galimoto omwe ali pakati pa injini yothamanga, komanso amapereka, mwachitsanzo, ozimitsa moto omwe amatha kuyenda mofulumira pamoto ndi kuwonekera kochepa. . zoipa kapena ayi. Kamodzi kufotokozedwa mu "MT" Chipewa cha C Thru ali ndi kamera yojambula yotenthetsera, yomwe wozimitsa moto amawona pachiwonetsero pamaso pake. Ukadaulo wa zipewa zapadera za oyendetsa ndege zimachokera pa masensa apamwamba omwe amakulolani kuwona kudzera mu fuselage ya F-35 womenya kapena yankho la Britain lotchedwa. Patsogolo XNUMX - magalasi a woyendetsa ndege amaphatikizidwa mu chisoti, chokhala ndi masensa ndipo amangosintha kukhala usiku ngati pakufunika.

Tiyenera kuvomereza mfundo yakuti nyama zambiri zimatha kuona kuposa anthu. Sitimawona mafunde onse a kuwala. Maso athu sangathe kuyankha mafunde amfupi kuposa violet komanso aatali kuposa ofiira. Chifukwa chake ma radiation a ultraviolet ndi infrared sapezeka. Koma anthu ali pafupi ndi masomphenya a ultraviolet. Kusintha kwa jini imodzi ndikokwanira kusintha mawonekedwe a puloteni mu ma photoreceptors kotero kuti mafunde a ultraviolet sadzakhalanso osayanjanitsika nawo. Mawonekedwe omwe amawonetsa mafunde a ultraviolet m'maso osinthika amakhala osiyana ndi maso wamba. Kwa maso a "ultraviolet", osati chilengedwe ndi ndalama zokha zomwe zingawoneke mosiyana. Zinthu zakuthambo nazonso zikanasintha, ndipo mayi athu a nyenyezi, Dzuwa, akanasintha kwambiri.

Zida zowonera usiku, zithunzithunzi zotentha, zowunikira ma ultraviolet ndi ma sonar zakhala zikupezeka kwa ife kuyambira kale, ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali zida zazing'ono zokhala ngati magalasi zidawonekera.

4. Magalasi omwe amakulolani kuti muwone inki yosaoneka pamtundu wa ultraviolet.

kulumikizana (4). Ngakhale amatipatsa luso lodziwika kale ndi nyama, amphaka, njoka, tizilombo ndi mileme, samatsanzira njira zachilengedwe. Izi ndizopangidwa ndi malingaliro aukadaulo. Palinso njira zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi "kuwona" china chake mumdima osafunikira mafotoni ambiri pa pixel, monga yomwe idapangidwa ndi Ahmed Kirmaniego kuchokera ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ndikufalitsidwa mu magazini ya Science. Chipangizocho, chomwe iye ndi gulu lake adachimanga, chimatumiza kugunda kwamphamvu kwa laser mumdima, komwe kumawoneka kuchokera ku chinthu, kumalemba pixel imodzi ku chowunikira.

"Onani" magnetism ndi radioactivity

Tiyeni tipitirire. Tikuwona kapena osachepera "Kumva" maginito minda? Kachipangizo kakang'ono ka maginito kapangidwa posachedwapa kuti tichite izi. Imasinthasintha, yolimba komanso imagwirizana ndi khungu la munthu. Asayansi ochokera ku Institute for Materials Research ku Dresden apanga chipangizo chachitsanzo chokhala ndi maginito osakanikirana omwe amatha kuikidwa pamwamba pa chala. Izi zikanapangitsa kuti anthu akhale ndi "malingaliro achisanu ndi chimodzi" - kuthekera kozindikira momwe dziko lapansi lilili komanso mphamvu ya maginito.

Kukhazikitsa bwino kwa lingaliro lotere kungapereke zosankha zamtsogolo zokonzekeretsa anthu maginito kusintha masensandipo motero kuwongolera m'munda popanda kugwiritsa ntchito GPS. Titha kuwonetsa magnetoreception ngati kuthekera kwa zamoyo kudziwa komwe mizere yadziko lapansi ya maginito, yomwe imapereka malo mumlengalenga. Chodabwitsachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazinyama ndipo chimatchedwa geomagnetic navigation pamenepo. Nthawi zambiri, timatha kuziwona posamuka anthu, kuphatikiza. njuchi, mbalame, nsomba, ma dolphin, nyama zakutchire, komanso akamba.

Chachilendo china chosangalatsa chomwe chimakulitsa luso la anthu pamlingo womwe sunawonedwepo ndi kamera yomwe ingatilole "kuwona" ma radioactivity. Gulu la asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Waseda ku Japan akonza zojambula zopangidwa ndi Hamamatsu. kamera ya gamma detector, pogwiritsa ntchito otchedwa Zotsatira za Compton. Chifukwa cha kuwombera kuchokera ku "Compton kamera" ndizotheka kuzindikira ndikuwona kwenikweni malo, mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa radioactive. Waseda panopa ntchito miniaturizing makina kulemera pazipita magalamu 500 ndi buku la 10 cm³.

Mphamvu ya Compton, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Compton kubalalitsa, ndi zotsatira za kumwazikana kwa X-ray ndi gamma ray, ndiko kuti, ma radiation a electromagnetic othamanga kwambiri, pama elekitironi aulere kapena omangika mofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kutalika kwa mafunde. Timalingalira mofooka electron yomwe mphamvu yake yomanga mu atomu, molekyu, kapena crystal lattice ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya photon. Sensa imalembetsa zosinthazi ndikupanga chithunzi chake.

Kapena zitha kukhala zotheka chifukwa cha masensa "Onani" kapangidwe kake chinthu patsogolo pathu? Mbewu ya chinachake Sensor-spectrometer Scio. Ndikokwanira kuwongolera mtengo wake pa chinthu kuti mudziwe zambiri za mankhwala ake mumasekondi pang'ono. Chipangizocho ndi cha kukula kwa makiyi a galimoto ndipo chimagwira ntchito ndi pulogalamu ya foni yamakono yomwe imakulolani kuti muwone

jambulani zotsatira. Mwina m'tsogolomu padzakhala mitundu yamtunduwu wamtunduwu ngakhale wophatikizidwa kwambiri ndi mphamvu zathu ndi thupi lathu (5).

5. Munthu Wotambasula (Neuromuscular Interface)

Kodi munthu wosaukayo ndiye kuti watsala pang'ono kufika pa "basic version"?

Nyengo yatsopano ya zida za "kukonzanso", zolimbikitsidwa ndi ukadaulo wa bionic, zimayendetsedwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuthandiza olumala ndi odwala. Ndi makamaka za prosthesis i ma exoskeletons Kulipiritsa zofooka ndi kudula ziwalo, zowonjezereka zowonjezereka za neuromuscular interfaces zikupangidwa kuti zigwirizane bwino ndi "zowonjezera" ndi zowonjezera thupi la munthu.

Komabe, njirazi zayamba kale kugwira ntchito ngati njira yopatsa mphamvu anthu oyenera komanso athanzi. Tawafotokozera kale kangapo, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu ndi kupirira kwa ogwira ntchito kapena asilikali. Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pothandizira kugwira ntchito mwakhama, khama, kukonzanso, koma zosankha zogwiritsira ntchito njirazi kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za olemekezeka pang'ono zikuwonekera bwino. Ena amaopa kuti kuwonjezereka kwa zida kungayambitse mpikisano wa zida zomwe zingawononge anthu omwe satsatira njira iyi.

Masiku ano, pamene pali kusiyana pakati pa anthu - thupi ndi luntha, chilengedwe nthawi zambiri ndi "cholakwa", ndipo apa ndi pamene vuto limathera. Komabe, ngati, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kukulitsa sikudaliranso biology ndipo kumadalira zinthu zina monga chuma, izi zitha kukhala zosasangalatsa. Kugawikana kwa "anthu okulirapo" ndi "matembenuzidwe oyambira" - kapenanso kuzindikiritsa timagulu tating'ono tating'ono ta Homo sapiens - chingakhale chodabwitsa chatsopano chodziwika kuchokera ku zopeka za sayansi.