Kodi ndife anzeru kwambiri moti tingathe kumvetsa zinthu zakuthambo?

Chilengedwecho nthawi zina chimatha kuikidwa m'mbale, monga momwe woimba Pablo Carlos Budassi anachitira posachedwapa pamene anaphatikiza mapu a mapu a zithunzithunzi za pa yunivesite ya Princeton ndi a NASA kukhala mtundu umodzi. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha geocentric - Dziko lapansi lili pakati pa mbale, ndipo plasma ya Big Bang ili m'mphepete.

Kuwona ndikwabwino ngati kwina kulikonse, komanso kwabwinoko kuposa ena, chifukwa kuli pafupi ndi malingaliro amunthu. Pali malingaliro ambiri okhudza mapangidwe, mphamvu ndi tsogolo la chilengedwe chonse, ndipo lingaliro la cosmological lomwe lavomerezedwa kwa zaka zambiri likuwoneka kuti likuphwanyidwa posachedwapa. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akumveka akutsutsa chiphunzitso cha Big Bang.

Chilengedwecho ndi dimba lazodabwitsa, lojambulidwa kwazaka zambiri mu "mainstream" ya physics ndi cosmology, yodzaza ndi zodabwitsa zodabwitsa monga. zimphona za quasars imawulukira kutali ndi ife mwachangu kwambiri, nkhani yakudazomwe palibe amene adazipeza komanso zomwe sizikuwonetsa ma accelerators, koma "ndizofunikira" kufotokoza kuzungulira kofulumira kwa mlalang'amba, ndipo, potsiriza, Big bangzomwe zimachititsa kuti fiziki yonse ikhale yolimbana ndi zosamvetsetseka, mpaka pano, mwapadera.

kunalibe zozimitsa moto

Chiyambi cha Big Bang chimatsatira mwachindunji ndi mosapeweka kuchokera ku masamu a chiphunzitso chachikulu cha relativity. Komabe, asayansi ena amawona izi ngati vuto lovuta, chifukwa masamu amatha kufotokoza zomwe zinachitika nthawi yomweyo ...2).

Asayansi ambiri amanyalanyaza mbali imeneyi. Ngati kokha chifukwa, monga ananenera posachedwapa Ali Ahmed Farah kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Ben ku Egypt, "malamulo a physics amasiya kugwira ntchito kumeneko." Farag ndi mnzake Saurya Dasem kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Lethbridge ku Canada, yoperekedwa m'nkhani yofalitsidwa mu 2015 mu Physics Letters B, chitsanzo chomwe chilengedwe chilibe chiyambi ndi mapeto, choncho palibe chimodzi.

Asayansi onsewa analimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito yawo. David Bohm kuyambira 50s. Anaganiziranso kuthekera kosintha mizere ya geodesic yomwe imadziwika kuchokera ku chiphunzitso chonse cha relativity (mizere yayifupi kwambiri yolumikiza mfundo ziwiri) ndi quantum trajectories. Mu pepala lawo, Farag ndi Das adagwiritsa ntchito njira za Bohm ku equation yomwe idapangidwa mu 1950 ndi wasayansi. Amala Kumara Raychaudhuryego kuchokera ku Calcutta University. Raychaudhuri nayenso anali mphunzitsi wa Das ali ndi zaka 90. Pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya Raychaudhuri, Ali ndi Das adapeza kukonzanso kwa quantum. Friedman equationzomwe, nazonso, zimalongosola zachisinthiko cha Chilengedwe (kuphatikizapo Big Bang) m'nkhani ya relativity. Ngakhale kuti chitsanzochi si chiphunzitso choona cha mphamvu yokoka ya quantum, chimaphatikizapo mfundo za quantum theory komanso relativity. Farag ndi Das amayembekezanso kuti zotsatira zawo zikhale zoona ngakhale chiphunzitso chonse cha quantum gravity chikapangidwa.

Chiphunzitso cha Farag-Das chimaneneratu za Big Bang kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kubwerera ku umodzi. Ma quantum trajectories omwe Farag ndi Das amagwiritsa ntchito samalumikizana konse ndipo sapanga gawo limodzi. Kuchokera kumalingaliro a cosmological, asayansi akufotokoza, kuwongolera kwachulukidwe kumatha kuwonedwa ngati nthawi zonse zakuthambo, ndipo palibe chifukwa chofotokozera mphamvu zakuda. Kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe kumatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti yankho la ma equation a Einstein likhoza kukhala dziko la kukula kwake ndi zaka zopanda malire.

Iyi si chiphunzitso chokha posachedwapa chomwe chimasokoneza lingaliro la Big Bang. Mwachitsanzo, pali malingaliro akuti pamene nthawi ndi mlengalenga zidawonekera, zidayamba ndipo chilengedwe chachiwirimomwe nthawi imabwerera mmbuyo. Masomphenyawa akuperekedwa ndi gulu lapadziko lonse la akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, lopangidwa ndi: Tim Kozlowski kuchokera ku yunivesite ya New Brunswick, Flavio Markets Kuzungulira kwa Institute of Theoretical Physics ndi Julian Barbour. Zachilengedwe ziwiri zomwe zidapangidwa panthawi ya Big Bang, m'malingaliro awa, ziyenera kukhala zithunzi zawo zokha (3), kotero iwo ali ndi malamulo osiyana a fiziki ndi malingaliro osiyana a kayendedwe ka nthawi. Mwina aloŵana. Kaya nthawi imayenda kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kumatsimikizira kusiyana pakati pa entropy yapamwamba ndi yotsika.

Nayenso, wolemba lingaliro lina latsopano pa chitsanzo cha chirichonse, Wun-Ji Shu kuchokera ku yunivesite ya National Taiwan, imalongosola nthawi ndi malo osati zinthu zosiyana, koma ngati zinthu zogwirizana kwambiri zomwe zingathe kusandulika kukhala wina ndi mzake. Ngakhalenso liwiro la kuwala kapena mphamvu yokoka yosasunthika imakhala yosasinthasintha mu chitsanzo ichi, koma ndi zinthu zomwe zimasintha nthawi ndi misa kukhala kukula ndi mlengalenga pamene chilengedwe chikukula. Lingaliro la Shu, monga malingaliro ena ambiri m'dziko la maphunziro, likhoza kuwonedwa ngati longopeka, koma chitsanzo cha chilengedwe chofutukuka ndi 68% mphamvu yakuda yomwe imayambitsa kufalikira ndizovuta. Ena amanena kuti mothandizidwa ndi chiphunzitso ichi, asayansi "analowa m'malo mwa kapeti" lamulo lachilengedwe la kusunga mphamvu. Chiphunzitso cha Taiwan sichiphwanya mfundo za kusunga mphamvu, koma chimakhala ndi vuto ndi cheza cha microwave, chomwe chimatengedwa ngati chotsalira cha Big Bang. Chinachake cha chinachake.

Simungathe kuwona mdima ndi zonse

Osankhidwa mwaulemu nkhani yakuda Zambiri za. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, neutrinos, neutrinos, axion - awa ndi ena mwa njira zothetsera chinsinsi cha zinthu "zosawoneka" m'chilengedwe zomwe zaperekedwa ndi akatswiri mpaka pano.

Kwa zaka zambiri, osankhidwa omwe amadziwika kwambiri akhala akungopeka, olemetsa (olemera kakhumi kuposa pulotoni), amalumikizana mofooka. particles otchedwa WIMPs. Ankaganiziridwa kuti anali achangu mu gawo loyamba la kukhalapo kwa Chilengedwe, koma pamene unazirala ndi particles kumwazikana, kugwirizana kwawo kunazimiririka. Kuwerengera kunawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma WIMP kumayenera kukhala kwakukulu kasanu kuposa zinthu wamba, zomwe ndizofanana ndendende ndi momwe zinthu zakuda zimaganiziridwa.

Komabe, palibe zizindikiro za WIMP zomwe zidapezeka. Kotero tsopano ndizotchuka kwambiri kulankhula za kufufuza neutrinos wosabala, tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ndi ziro magetsi komanso kulemera kochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina neutrinos wosabala amatengedwa ngati m'badwo wachinayi wa neutrinos (pamodzi ndi electron, muon ndi tau neutrinos). Maonekedwe ake ndiakuti amalumikizana ndi zinthu pokhapokha atakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Kuzindikiridwa ndi chizindikiro ν_s.

Neutrino oscillations amatha kupanga muon neutrinos kukhala wosabala, zomwe zingachepetse chiwerengero chawo mu chowunikira. Izi zimachitika makamaka pambuyo poti mtengo wa neutrino wadutsa m'dera lomwe lili ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri monga pakatikati pa Dziko Lapansi. Choncho, chojambulira cha IceCube ku South Pole chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ma neutrino akubwera kuchokera ku Northern Hemisphere mu mphamvu ya 320 GeV mpaka 20 TeV, kumene chizindikiro champhamvu chinali kuyembekezera pamaso pa neutrinos wosabala. Tsoka ilo, kusanthula kwazomwe zachitika zomwe zidawonedwa kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kusiyanitsa kukhalapo kwa neutrinos wosabala m'dera lofikira la danga la parameter, lotchedwa. 99% mlingo wodalirika.

Mu Julayi 2016, patatha miyezi makumi awiri ndikuyesa chowunikira cha Large Underground Xenon (LUX), asayansi analibe chonena kupatula kuti ... sanapeze kalikonse. Mofananamo, asayansi ochokera ku International Space Station labotale ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ochokera ku CERN, omwe adawerengera kupanga zinthu zakuda mu gawo lachiwiri la Large Hadron Collider, sanena kanthu za mdima.

Choncho tiyenera kuyang'ana mopitirira. Asayansi amanena kuti mwina zinthu zakuda ndi zosiyana kotheratu ndi WIMPs ndi neutrinos kapena chirichonse, ndipo iwo akumanga LUX-ZEPLIN, chowunikira chatsopano chomwe chiyenera kukhala tcheru kuwirikiza makumi asanu ndi awiri kuposa chomwe chilipo.

Sayansi imakayikira ngati pali chinthu chotchedwa mdima, komabe akatswiri a zakuthambo posachedwapa adawona mlalang'amba womwe, ngakhale uli ndi unyinji wofanana ndi Milky Way, ndi 99,99% yakuda. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kupezekaku zidaperekedwa ndi wowonera V.M. Keka. Izi ndi za mlalang'amba Gulugufe 44 (Chinjoka 44). Kukhalapo kwake kunatsimikiziridwa kokha chaka chatha pamene Dragonfly Telephoto Array inawona kachidutswa ka thambo mu gulu la nyenyezi la Berenices Spit. Zinapezeka kuti mlalang'ambawu uli ndi zambiri kuposa momwe zimawonekera poyang'ana koyamba. Popeza kuti m’momwemo muli nyenyezi zoŵerengeka, chitha kusweka mwamsanga ngati chinthu china chodabwitsa sichinathandize kugwirizanitsa zinthu zimene zili m’mwambamo. Nkhani yamdima?

Kutengera?

Chizindikiro Chilengedwe ngati hologramngakhale kuti anthu omwe ali ndi madigiri akuluakulu a sayansi akugwira nawo ntchito, amawonedwabe ngati malo a chifunga pamalire a sayansi. Mwina chifukwa chakuti asayansi nawonso ndi anthu, ndipo n’kovuta kwa iwo kuti agwirizane ndi zotsatira zamaganizo za kafukufuku pankhaniyi. Juan Maldasenakuyambira ndi nthano chiphunzitso, iye anaika masomphenya a chilengedwe chimene zingwe kunjenjemera mu danga naini-dimensional kulenga chenicheni chathu, amene ali chabe hologram - chionetsero cha dziko lathyathyathya popanda mphamvu yokoka..

Zotsatira za kafukufuku amene asayansi a ku Austria anatulutsa m’chaka cha 2015, zikusonyeza kuti chilengedwechi chimafunikira miyeso yochepa kuposa mmene ankayembekezera. Chilengedwe cha XNUMXD chikhoza kungokhala chidziwitso cha XNUMXD pazachilengedwe. Asayansi amayerekezera ndi ma hologram omwe amapezeka pa makhadi a ngongole - kwenikweni ndi awiri-dimensional, ngakhale timawawona ngati atatu-dimensional. Malinga ndi Daniela Grumillera kuchokera ku Vienna University of Technology, thambo lathu ndi lathyathyathya ndipo lili ndi kupindika kwabwino. Grumiller anafotokoza mu Physical Review Letters kuti ngati mphamvu yokoka ya quantum mu malo athyathyathya imatha kufotokozedwa holographically ndi chiphunzitso cha quantum, ndiye kuti payenera kukhala kuchuluka kwa thupi komwe kungathe kuwerengedwa m'malingaliro onse awiri, ndipo zotsatira zake ziyenera kufanana. Makamaka, mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri ya quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement, iyenera kuwonekera mu chiphunzitso cha mphamvu yokoka.

Ena amapita patsogolo, osalankhula za kuyerekezera kwa holographic, koma ngakhale za kompyuta modeling. Zaka ziwiri zapitazo, katswiri wa zakuthambo wotchuka, wopambana Mphoto ya Nobel, George Smoot, anapereka zifukwa zosonyeza kuti anthu amakhala m’chiyerekezo chotere cha makompyuta. Amati izi ndizotheka, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha masewera apakompyuta, omwe mwachidziwitso amapanga maziko a zenizeni zenizeni. Kodi anthu adzapanga zoyerekezera zenizeni? Yankho ndiloti inde,” adatero pofunsa mafunso. “Mwachiwonekere, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pankhaniyi. Tangoyang'anani pa "Pong" yoyamba ndi masewera omwe apangidwa lero. Cha m'ma 2045, tidzatha kusamutsa malingaliro athu mu makompyuta posachedwa. "

The Universe monga Holographic Projection

Poganizira kuti tikhoza kale kupanga mapu a neuroni muubongo pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa maginito, kugwiritsa ntchito lusoli pazinthu zina sikuyenera kukhala vuto. Ndiye zenizeni zenizeni zimatha kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimalola kukhudzana ndi anthu masauzande ambiri ndikupereka mawonekedwe a ubongo. Izi mwina zidachitika m'mbuyomu, akutero Smoot, ndipo dziko lathu ndi intaneti yotsogola yofanizira. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zitha kuchitika kangapo kosawerengeka! Kotero ife tikhoza kukhala mu kayeseleledwe kamene kali mu kayeseleledwe kwina, ali mu kayeseleledwe wina amene ali ... ndi zina zotero ad infinitum.

Dziko lapansi, ndipo makamaka Chilengedwe, mwatsoka, sichinaperekedwe kwa ife pa mbale. M'malo mwake, ife tokha ndife gawo, laling'ono kwambiri, la mbale zomwe, monga momwe ena amasonyezera, mwina sizinakonzedwe kwa ife.

Kodi kachigawo kakang'ono ka thambo kameneko kamene ife - mokonda chuma - tidzadziwa zonse za chilengedwe? Kodi ndife anzeru mokwanira kuti timvetsetse ndi kumvetsetsa chinsinsi cha chilengedwe? Mwina ayi. Komabe, ngati tingaganize kuti pamapeto pake tidzalephera, zingakhale zovuta kuti tisazindikire kuti izi zidzakhalanso, mwanjira ina, chidziwitso chomaliza cha chikhalidwe cha zinthu zonse ...