Zizindikiro zowonjezera. Dziwani zambiri
Dalaivala amalandira zambiri zochepa za magawo a injini. Zitsanzo zina zimangokhala ndi tachometer pa dashboards. Mipata ikhoza kudzazidwa ndi zizindikiro zothandizira.
Okonza magalimoto amakono akuwoneka kuti afika ponena kuti dalaivala sayenera kulemedwa ndi chidziwitso chochuluka chokhudza mbali ya makina a galimotoyo. Izi ndi zolondola? Kusakhalapo kwa choyezera kutentha kozizira ndi chitsanzo cha kuuma kwambiri. Ngakhale injini yosavuta kwambiri sayenera kudzaza isanafike kutentha kwa ntchito. Mlingo wa kupindula kwake zimadalira zinthu zambiri - pa kutentha yozungulira, mwa dzuwa la injini, pa zinthu pa msewu ndi mlingo wa ntchito Kutentha.
Monga lamulo, singano ya kutentha kozizira imayima pa theka la sikelo pambuyo pa makilomita angapo. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti njingayo yatenthedwa bwino. Kutentha kwamafuta nthawi zambiri sikudutsa madigiri 50 Celsius, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukanikiza gasi pansi sikuli bwino kwa injini - ma bushings, ma camshafts, ndi ma turbocharger adzakhala pamtima pavutoli. Mafuta amafika kutentha kwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa makilomita 10-15. Kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa injini kumakhudza kwambiri kutentha kwamafuta. Izi, zimafulumizitsa kukalamba kwa mafuta odzola ndipo zingayambitsenso kusweka kwa filimu yamafuta. Ikayamba kupitilira madigiri 120 Celsius, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa pedal yothamanga.
M'magalimoto amakono, masensa a kutentha kwa mafuta ndi, mwatsoka, ndi osowa. Kuphatikiza pa mapangidwe amasewera, titha kuwapeza mwazinthu zina. mumitundu yamphamvu kwambiri ya BMW kapena Peugeot 508. M'magalimoto a Gulu la Volkswagen, zambiri zitha kuyitanidwa kuchokera pamakompyuta apakompyuta.
Nkhani yokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa choyezera chamafuta kapena choyezera kutentha, ingathe kuthetsedwa. Kupereka kwa zizindikiro zowonjezera ndizolemera kwambiri. Ma zloty makumi angapo ndi okwanira pa "wotchi" yosavuta kwambiri komanso sensa yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito. Zogulitsa zamakampani odziwika kwambiri, monga Defi, omwe amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kulondola kwazomwe akuwonetsa komanso kukongola kwa kuphedwa, amawononga ma zloty mazana angapo.
Sensa yamafuta amafuta, yomwe simapezeka kawirikawiri m'magalimoto amakono, imathandizira kuzindikira zovuta zamafuta koyambirira. Chizindikiro chofiira pa dashboard ndi njira yomaliza ndipo sichiwonetsa kutsika kwamafuta. Idzayatsa pamene kuthamanga kutsika kufika pafupifupi ziro - ngati dalaivala sazimitsa injini mkati mwa masekondi angapo, ndiye kuti galimotoyo idzakhala yoyenera kukonzanso.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwamafuta zimakupatsaninso mwayi wowona ngati injiniyo imatenthedwa bwino. Mafuta asanafike kutentha kwa ntchito, kuthamanga kwa mafuta kumakhala kwakukulu. Ngati galimotoyo itenthedwa kwambiri, imatsika kwambiri.
The boost pressure gauge imathandizanso kuyang'ana thanzi la unit yamagetsi. Kutsika kwambiri, komanso kuwonjezereka kwamtengo wapatali, kumasonyeza vuto ndi dongosolo lolamulira kapena turbocharger. Zizindikiro zochenjeza siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Zolakwika sizingangosokoneza mapangidwe a osakaniza. Kuchulukitsitsa kumapanga katundu wochulukirapo pa crank-piston system.
M'magalimoto amakono, palibe kusowa kwa olandila magetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso kuyendetsa mtunda waufupi kumapangitsa kuti batire ikhale yocheperako nthawi zonse. Ndani angafune kupewa mavuto ndi magetsi akhoza kukonzekeretsa galimoto ndi voltmeter - mutatha kutembenuza fungulo mu kuyatsa, zimaonekeratu ngati voteji ndi yolondola. Ngati idapatuka kwambiri kuchokera ku 12,5 V, batire iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi charger kapena ma kilomita ochulukirapo kuposa kale. Kuwerengera kwa voltmeter nthawi imodzi kuyankha funso ngati voteji yomwe ikuyitanitsa ikusungidwa pamlingo womwe ukufunidwa. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe jenereta ilili, muyenera kugula ammeter.
Kuyika zizindikiro zowonjezera sikovuta kwenikweni. Pakalipano pothandizira chizindikirocho ndi kuwala kwake kumbuyo kungatengedwe kuchokera ku makina omvera. Timagwirizanitsa makina opangira mphamvu zowonjezera ndi njira yowonjezeramo ndi payipi ya rabara. Mnzake wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito ma sensa. Mukayika choyezera kutentha kwamadzi kapena mafuta, sensor iyenera kulumikizidwa munjira yozizirira kapena mafuta. Makiyi oyambira ndi okwanira kugwira ntchito - sensa nthawi zambiri imatha kupindika m'malo mwa mabowo a fakitale, omwe amakhalabe olumikizidwa ndi zomangira.
M'magalimoto amakono, odzaza sensor, sikofunikira nthawi zonse kugula zizindikiro zowonjezera. Woyang'anira injini ali ndi chidziwitso chonse - kuchokera ku mphamvu yowonjezereka, kupyolera mumagetsi pazitsulo za batri, mafuta, owonetsedwa mu malita, mpaka kutentha kwa mafuta.
Njira zopezera deta zimasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, m'magalimoto atsopano a Volkswagen, kutentha kwamafuta kudzawonetsedwa mutasankha bokosi loyenera pa menyu apakompyuta. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, muyenera kusankha kusokoneza zamagetsi kapena kulumikiza gawo ndi mtolo womwe ungawonjezere kuchuluka kwa mauthenga omwe alipo.
Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito scanner ya OBD yokhala ndi Bluetooth komanso foni yam'manja yokhala ndi pulogalamu. The diagnostic module amapereka mwayi wochuluka wa chidziwitso. Ndilonso njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yomwe sikutanthauza kulowererapo pamapangidwe agalimoto. Zolakwika? Malo cholumikizira matenda mu magalimoto ena - pa mlingo wa dalaivala kumanzere bondo, kuseri kwa phulusa, etc. - m'malo osaphatikizapo zonse kuyendetsa ndi sikana chikugwirizana. Palinso zovuta zofananira ndi mapulogalamu osankhidwa ndi zida.
