Kuwonjezera magalimoto amagetsi
Zamkatimu
Magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo kuposa magalimoto amafuta ndi dizilo. Komabe, kwa iwo omwe amayendetsa mtunda wa makilomita apadera m'galimoto ya kampani, zosiyana ndi zoona. Chifukwa: kuonjezera pang'onopang'ono. Kodi kuwonjezera kumeneku kumawerengeredwa bwanji? Zili bwanji tsopano? Kodi m'tsogolomu muli bwanji? M'nkhaniyi, tikuwuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza galimoto yamagetsi yowonjezera.
Kodi kuwonjezera kumagwira ntchito bwanji?
Choyamba, kodi kuwonjezera kumagwira ntchito bwanji? Zowonjezera zimabwera mukamayendetsa mtunda wopitilira 500 km pachaka mwachinsinsi pagalimoto yakampani. Oyang’anira misonkho amaona kuti zimenezi n’zofanana ndi malipiro ake. Kotero muyenera kulipira msonkho pa izi. Choncho, mtengo wina wa mtengo wa galimoto uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku ndalama: kuwonjezeka.
Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake, peresenti ya msonkho kapena mndandanda wamitengo imatengedwa. Pamagalimoto onse amafuta amafuta, zowonjezera pano ndi 22%. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ma hybrids, ma plug-in hybrids ndi magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi range extender. M'chaka chachiwiri, kutsika kwa 2% kumangogwira ntchito pamagalimoto omwe satulutsa CO2021 konse. Kuphatikiza pa magalimoto amagetsi, izi zimaphatikizaponso magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen. Mtengo uwu ndi wovomerezeka kwa zaka zisanu pambuyo pa kuvomereza koyamba (patsiku galimotoyo "inalembedwa"). Pambuyo pake, malamulo omwe akugwira ntchito panthawiyo adzagwira ntchito.
Mtengo wa msonkho umaphatikizapo VAT ndi BPM. Zida zoyika fakitale zimawerengeranso, koma zida zomwe zidayikidwa ndi ogulitsa sizimatero. Kukonza ndi kulembetsa ndalama sikuphatikizidwanso. Choncho, mtengo wandalama uli pansi pa mtengo wogulitsa malonda.
Pamagalimoto amagetsi olembetsedwa mu 2020, ndalama zochepera mpaka € 40.000 zikugwira ntchito. Mtengo wanthawi zonse wa 22% udzalipiridwa pamtengo wamtengo wapatali womwe umaposa ndalama izi. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi mtengo wa 55.000 12 euros, 40.000% imatanthawuza ma euro 22 oyambirira ndi 15.000% mpaka ma euro XNUMX XNUMX otsala. Tidzapereka chitsanzo chowerengera chatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake m'nkhaniyi kuti timveketse izi.
Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za kubwereketsa munkhani yobwereketsa galimoto yamagetsi.
Mpaka 2021
Malamulo owonjezera amasintha nthawi zonse. Panali ndalama zocheperako zomwe zidalipiridwa zolembetsa mu 2020 zamagalimoto amagetsi, zomwe ndi 8%. Chiwongola dzanja chowonjezerachi chimagwiranso ntchito mpaka 45.000 € 40.000 m'malo mwa 60 €. Kuti mupindule ndi zotsika mtengo, madalaivala abizinesi adagula ma EV ambiri kumapeto kwa chaka chatha kapena, ndithudi, adalowa mubizinesi kuti achite izi. Kwa iwo omwe adagula galimoto chaka chatha, mtengo womwe ulipo ukhala ukugwira ntchito kwa miyezi XNUMX, mosasamala kanthu za kusintha kwamitengo.
Mu 2010, boma linakhazikitsanso phindu lina kwa magalimoto opanda mpweya kwa nthawi yoyamba. Kuwonjezeka kwa magalimoto amagetsi kunalibe 0% panthawiyo. Mu 2014, chiwerengerochi chinawonjezeka kufika pa 4%. Izi zidapitilira mpaka 2019. Mu 2020, zidakwera mpaka 8%. Mu 2021, chiwerengerochi chinawonjezekanso kufika 12%.
Pa 2020
Kuwonjezeka kuchoka pa 4% kufika pa 8% kenako kufika pa 12% ndi gawo la chiwonjezeko chapang'onopang'ono monga momwe afunira mu Mgwirizano wa Zanyengo. Magalimoto amagetsi azikula ndi 2026% mu 22. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, zowonjezera zidzawonjezeka pang'ono nthawi iliyonse (onani tebulo). Zowonjezerazo zawonjezeka pang'ono chaka chino ndipo zidzachitikanso chaka chamawa. Pambuyo pake, malipiro a magalimoto amagetsi adzakhala 16% kwa zaka zitatu. Mu 2025, ndalama zowonjezera zidzawonjezedwanso ndi 1% phindu lisanathe mu 2026.
Mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wamakasitomala chaka chino wachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 45.000 40.000 mpaka 2025 2026 mayuro. Mtengo wamndandandawu udzagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka chaka cha XNUMX. Kuyambira XNUMX kupita mtsogolo, kutsika kwatsika sikudzakhalanso ndipo chifukwa chake malirewo sadzagwiranso ntchito.
Chidule chathunthu chikuwoneka mu tebulo ili m'munsimu. 2019 idaphatikizidwanso kuti tifananize. Awa ndi mapulani momwe alili, koma amatha kusintha. Mgwirizano wa Zanyengo umanena kuti malamulo owonjezera amawunikidwa chaka chilichonse ndikusinthidwa ngati kuli kofunikira.
| chaka | Onjezerani | Mtengo wapakati |
| 2019 | 4% | €50.000 |
| 2020 | 8% | €45.000 |
| 2021 | 12% | €40.000 |
| 2022 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2023 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2024 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2025 | 17% | €40.000 |
| 2026 | 22% | - |
Zowonjezera (plug-in) hybrids
Nanga bwanji ma plug-in hybrids? Monga tanena kale, sangadalirenso zopindulitsa zina. Mlingo wabwinobwino wa 22% umagwira ntchito pamtundu uwu wagalimoto. M'mbuyomu, ma hybrids anali opambana. Mkhalidwe wake unali wakuti mpweya wa CO2 uyenera kukhala wosakwana magalamu 50 pa kilomita imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, Porsche 918 Spyder inali ndi mpweya wa CO2 wa 70 magalamu / km, kotero PHEV inagwa kuchokera m'ngalawa chifukwa chochepa. Ma PHEV apakati okhala ndi injini yoyatsira pang'ono ndi abwino.
Kutsika kwa 2014% kudagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto awa mu 2015 ndi 7. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha muyeso uwu, Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV yakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Mu 2014, kuwonjezeka kunali ngakhale 0%, kotero palibe kusiyana komwe kunapangidwa pakati pa magalimoto amagetsi ndi ma hybrids ngati galimotoyo inali ndi mpweya wa CO50 wosakwana 2 magalamu.
1: Hyundai Kona Electric
Zowonjezera 2020
Kuti tipeze lingaliro la mtengo wake, tiyeni tiwerengere zowonjezera zamagalimoto awiri. Choyamba, tiyeni titenge galimoto yotchuka yobwereketsa pansi pa € 45.000: Hyundai Kona. Mtunduwu umapezekanso ndi injini yamafuta ndi haibridi, koma pakadali pano tikukamba za njira yamagetsi onse. Mtundu wa 64 kWh Comfort uli ndi mndandanda wamtengo wa € 40.715 XNUMX.
Popeza ndalamazi zili pansi pa 45.000 €, ndalama zochepetsera za 8% zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndalama zonse. Izi zimakhala zokwana € 3.257,20 pachaka kapena € 271,43 pamwezi. Izi ndi ndalama zowonjezera zomwe msonkho uyenera kulipidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa msonkho kumadalira gulu la msonkho. Mu chitsanzo ichi, tikuganiza kuti malipiro apachaka ndi ochepera 68.507 € 37,35. Misonkho yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pagululi pano ndi 271,43%. Ndi chiwonjezeko chachikulu cha € 101,38, mudzalipira € XNUMX pamwezi.
| Katalogi yamtengo wapatali | €40.715 |
| Peresenti yowonjezera | 8% |
| Gross zowonjezera | €271,43 |
| Mtengo wa msonkho | 37,35% |
| Kuonjezera koyera | €101,38 |
Zowonjezera 2019
Chaka chatha, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ma EV pamtengo wamtengowu kunali theka, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa 4%. V ukonde Kuwonjezera Komabe, sanali ndendende theka, chifukwa mlingo wa msonkho kwa ndalama kuchokera 20.711 68.507 kuti 2019 51,71 mayuro anali apamwamba pang'ono pa nthawi. Ndi izi, kuwerengera kumapereka phindu lalikulu mchaka cha XNUMX cha € XNUMX pamwezi.
Zowonjezera 2021
Chaka chamawa chiwerengerocho chidzakwera kufika pa 12%. Mtengo wa msonkho umasinthanso, ngakhale kusiyana kuli kochepa. Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri pa galimoto iyi: mtengo wamtengo wapatali umachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 45.000 40.000 mpaka 40.715 715 euro. Mtengo wamndandanda wa ma euro 22 2021 ndiwokwera pang'ono kuposa izi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zowonjezera zonse za 153,26% ziyenera kulipiridwa pa € XNUMX yomaliza. Ndalama zowonjezera pamwezi zidzakhala € XNUMX mchaka cha XNUMX ndigalimoto yomweyo komanso ndalama zomwezo.
Ndizosangalatsanso kudziwa kuti popanda phindu lowonjezera - pamlingo wa 22% - kuwonjezeka kwaukonde kungakhale 278,80 euros, kutengera msonkho wamakono. Kuphatikiza kwa kuyendetsa magetsi kudzakhala pamlingo uwu mu 2026. Koma panthawiyo, magalimoto amagetsi adzakhalanso otchipa.
Magetsi vs. petulo
Popeza Kona ikupezekanso mu mtundu wa petulo, ndizosangalatsa kuwonjezera izi ku mtundu uwu. Tsoka ilo, kufananitsa koyenera sikutheka chifukwa mafuta amphamvu kwambiri amakhalabe ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa magetsi. 1.6 T-GDI ili ndi 177 hp ndipo Electric 64 kWh ili ndi 204. Kwa mtengo wotsika mtengo wa 1.6 T-GDI, mumalipira kuwonjezeka kwa 194,83 euro pamwezi. Ngakhale ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, Magetsi amphamvu kwambiri akadali otsika mtengo kwambiri.
| Mphamvu ya Kona 64 kWh | 2019 | 4% | €51,71 |
| 2020 | 8% | €101,38 | |
| 2021 | 12% | €153,26 | |
| 22% | €278,80 | ||
| Pakona 1.6 T-GDI | 22% | €194,83 |
Chitsanzo 2: Tesla Model 3
Zowonjezera 2020
Tesla Model 3 inali nambala wani chaka chatha pofika pamagalimoto otchuka kwambiri obwereka. Mosiyana ndi Kona, mtengo wamndandanda wagalimoto iyi umaposa ma euro 45.000. Mtundu wotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi Standard Range Plus. Mtengo wake wamabuku ndi € 48.980 XNUMX. Izi zimasokoneza kuwerengera pang'ono.
Mtengo wa 45.000% umagwira ntchito kwa € 8 yoyamba. Izi zikufanana ndi kukwera kwakukulu kwa € 300 pamwezi. € 3.980 yotsalayo ili pansi pa mtengo wonse wa 22%. Izi ndi ma euro 72,97 pamwezi. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wonse womwe wawonjezeredwa ndi € 372,97.
Pagalimoto iyi, timaganiza kuti ndalama zimaposa ma euro 68.507 49,50 ndipo msonkho wofananira ndi 184,62%. Izi zimakupatsani chiwonjezeko chonse cha € 335,39 pamwezi. Poyerekeza: popanda phindu lowonjezera, zowonjezera zonse zikadakhala € XNUMX.
| Chiwerengero chonse cha catalog | €48.980 |
| Katalogi yamtengo wapatali mpaka pakhomo | €45.000 |
| Peresenti yowonjezera | 8% |
| Onjezerani | €300 |
| Zotsalira catalog value | €3.980 |
| Peresenti yowonjezera | 22% |
| Onjezerani | €72,97 |
| Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu | €372,97 |
| Mtengo wa msonkho | 49,50% |
| Kuonjezera koyera | €184,62 |
Zowonjezera 2019 ndi 2021
Omwe adagula Model 3 chaka chatha atha kupezabe kuwonjezeka kwa 4% pamagalimoto amagetsi. Chomwe chinalinso chofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu: ndiye kuti malirewo anali akadali 50.000 € 4. Choncho, 68.507% iyi imatanthawuza mtengo wa mndandanda wonse. Msonkho wa msonkho wa ndalama zopitirira 84,49 279,68 euro unali udakali wokwera pang'ono. Izi zidapangitsa kuti chiwonjezeko chonse cha € 12 pamwezi. Chaka chamawa, mtengowo udzakhala € XNUMX pamwezi ndikuwonjezeka mpaka XNUMX%.
| Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus | 2019 | 4% | €84,49 |
| 2020 | 8% | €184,62 | |
| 2021 | 12% | €279,68 | |
| 22% | € 444.49 | ||
| BMW 330i | 22% | €472,18 |
Magetsi vs. petulo
Kodi galimoto yofananira ndi petulo imawononga ndalama zingati? Popeza Model 3 ndi D-gawo, galimoto tingayerekezere, mwachitsanzo, ndi BMW 3 Series. Mtundu wapafupi kwambiri ndi 330i wokhala ndi 258 hp. Izi ndi 20 hp. kuposa Standard Range Plus. Pamisonkho yomweyi monga kale, timapeza chiwonjezeko cha € 330 pamwezi pa 472,18i. Poganizira mtengo wamndandanda, 330i nthawi zonse imakhala yokwera mtengo kuposa Model 3 Standard Range Plus, koma 2020i pakali pano ikhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri 330x kwa woyendetsa bizinesi mu 2,5. Tsopano mukumvetsa chifukwa chake mumawona Model 3 nthawi zambiri kuposa BMW 3 Series yatsopano.
Kufotokozera mwachidule
Pokhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zowonjezera magalimoto amagetsi kuchokera ku 4% mpaka 8%, chaka chino sitepe yoyamba inatengedwa kuti athetse misonkho yowonjezera. Mtengo wocheperako watsitsidwanso kuchokera ku 50.000 45.000 mpaka 8 XNUMX euros. Choncho, poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, phindu lachuma layamba kuchepa kwambiri. Mosasamala kanthu, mtengo wapamwamba wa ma EVs ndiwopitilira kuchepetsedwa ndi XNUMX peresenti. Kuphatikiza apo, woyendetsa bizinesi nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi theka la mtengo wagalimoto yofananira ndi mafuta.
Komabe, mwayi wazachuma udzachepa mpaka chiwonjezeko chikafika pamlingo wamafuta amafuta ndi dizilo mu 2026. Kumbali ina, magalimoto amagetsi, ndithudi, akutsika mtengo. M'kupita kwa nthawi tidzaona mmene zinthu ziŵirizi zidzakhalire bwino.
