Dizilo ndi SCR. Kodi zingayambitse mavuto?
Ma injini a dizilo amakhala ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera. Turbocharger, aftercooler ndi diesel particulate fyuluta ndizokhazikika kale. Tsopano pali fyuluta ya SCR.
BlueHDI, BlueTEC, SCR Blue Motion Technology ndi zina mwazolemba zomwe zawoneka posachedwa pamagalimoto adizilo. Zimanenedwa kuti magalimoto ali ndi SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) dongosolo, i.e. kukhala ndi unsembe wapadera kuchotsa nayitrogeni oxides mu mpweya utsi, imene chothandizira ndi ammonia anayambitsa mu mawonekedwe a madzi urea solution (AdBlue). . Dongosololi limakhalabe kunja kwa injini, lomwe limapangidwira m'thupi (zowongolera zamagetsi, masensa, thanki, pampu, makina odzaza a AdBlue, mizere yamadzimadzi kupita ku nozzle) komanso pang'onopang'ono mu makina otulutsa (nozzle yamadzi, module catalytic, nitrogen oxides). sensor). Deta yochokera m'dongosolo imadyetsedwa mu dongosolo la matenda a galimoto, zomwe zimalola dalaivala kuti alandire chidziwitso chokhudza kufunikira kowonjezera madzimadzi ndi kulephera kotheka kwa dongosolo la SCR.
Ntchito ya SCR ndiyosavuta. Injector imayambitsa njira ya urea mu dongosolo la utsi pamaso pa chothandizira cha SCR. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, madziwo amawola kukhala ammonia ndi carbon dioxide. Mu chothandizira, ammonia imachita ndi nitrogen oxides kupanga nitrogen wosakhazikika ndi nthunzi wamadzi. Mbali ya ammonia si ntchito anachita nawonso n'kukhala kosakhazikika asafe ndi nthunzi madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito ammonia mwachindunji sikutheka chifukwa cha kawopsedwe ake komanso fungo lonyansa. Choncho amadzimadzi urea njira, otetezeka ndi pafupifupi odorless, kumene ammonia ndi yotengedwa mu utsi dongosolo basi pamaso chothandizira anachita.
Machitidwe atsopano omwe amachepetsa ma nitrogen oxides mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya adalowa m'malo mwa machitidwe a EGR omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale, omwe anali osakwanira pa Euro 6 standard yomwe idayambitsidwa mu 2014. Komabe, si injini zonse za Euro 6 zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo la SCR. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto akuluakulu, kucheperako komwe kumatchedwa "NOx trap" kapena chothandizira chosungirako kudzakwanira. Imayikidwa mu exhaust system ndipo imagwira ma nitrogen oxides. Sensa ikazindikira kuti chothandizira chadzaza, chimatumiza chizindikiro kumagetsi owongolera injini. Womalizayo, amalangiza majekeseni kuti awonjezere mlingo wamafuta pakadutsa masekondi angapo kuti awotche ma oxide omwe atsekeredwa. Mapeto ake ndi nitrogen ndi carbon dioxide. Chifukwa chake, chosinthira chothandizira chosungirako chimagwira ntchito mofananamo ndi fyuluta ya dizilo, koma sizothandiza ngati chosinthira chothandizira cha SCR, chomwe chimatha kuchotsa mpaka 90% ya ma nitrogen oxides ku mpweya wotayira. Koma "NOx trap" sikutanthauza kukonzanso kwina ndi kugwiritsa ntchito AdBlue, zomwe zingakhale zovuta.
Akonzi amalimbikitsa:
Ntchito BMW 3 Series e90 (2005 - 2012)
Kodi oyang'anira magalimoto, komabe, atha?
Zopindulitsa zambiri kwa oyendetsa
Wholesale AdBlue ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri (PLN 2 pa lita), koma pamalo opangira mafuta amawononga PLN 10-15 pa lita. Komabe, uwu ndi mtengo wabwinoko kuposa kumalo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka, komwe nthawi zambiri umayenera kulipira 2-3 zochulukirapo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti AdBlu imagulidwa nthawi zonse, sipangakhale funso la katundu wofunika kunyamula mu thunthu. Madziwo ayenera kusungidwa pamikhalidwe yoyenera osati kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma nyumba yosungiramo zinthu sikufunika, chifukwa kumwa kwa urea solution ndikochepa. Ndi pafupifupi 5% yamafuta amafuta, i.e. pagalimoto yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito 8 l/100 km yamafuta a dizilo, pafupifupi 0,4 l/100 km. Pa mtunda wa makilomita 1000 adzakhala pafupifupi malita 4, kutanthauza kumwa 40-60 zł.
N'zosavuta kuona kuti kugula kwa AdBlue kumawonjezera mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito galimoto, ngakhale kuti izi zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa mafuta mu injini ndi SCR catalytic converter. Mavuto oyambirira amawonekeranso, chifukwa popanda AdBlue m'galimoto, muyenera kuyang'ana malo ogulitsa kuti mupeze yankho la urea mwamsanga mutatha uthenga wokhudza kufunika kowonjezera mafuta. Madziwo akatha, injiniyo imapita kumalo odzidzimutsa. Koma mavuto enieni, ndi aakulu kwambiri, ali kwina. Kuonjezera apo, ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi dongosolo la SCR zikhoza kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri. Nawu mndandanda wamachimo akupha a dongosolo la SCR:
Kutentha Kwambiri - AdBlue imaundana pa -11 ºC. Injini ikathamanga, makina otenthetsera omwe ali pafupi ndi tanki ya AdBlue amatsimikizira kuti madziwo samaundana ndipo palibe vuto. Koma galimoto ikayambika pambuyo pa usiku wachisanu, AdBlue amaundana. Sizingatheke kuyika pa injini yozizira yothamanga mpaka makina otenthetsera abweretsa AdBlue kumadzimadzi ndipo wolamulira wasankha kuti dosing iyambe. Pomaliza, yankho la urea limalowetsedwa, koma mu tanki muli makhiristo a urea omwe amatha kuletsa jekeseni wa AdBlue ndi mizere ya mpope. Izi zikachitika, injiniyo idzalephera. Zinthu sizidzabwerera mwakale mpaka urea yonse itasungunuka. Koma makhiristo a urea samasungunuka mosavuta asanakhalenso crystalline, amatha kuwononga jekeseni wa AdBlue ndi mpope. Injector yatsopano ya AdBlue imawononga ndalama zosachepera mazana angapo a PLN, pomwe pampu yatsopano (yophatikizidwa ndi thanki) imawononga pakati pa 1700 ndi PLN masauzande angapo. Ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti kutentha kochepa sikutumikira AdBlue. Pamene kuzizira ndi kusungunuka, madziwo amawonongeka. Pambuyo pa masinthidwe angapo otere, ndibwino kuti musinthe ndi chatsopano.
Kutentha - pa kutentha pamwamba pa 30 ºC, urea mu AdBlue umasungunuka ndikuwola kukhala chinthu chachilengedwe chotchedwa biuret. Mutha kumva fungo losasangalatsa la ammonia pafupi ndi thanki ya AdBlue. Ngati urea ili yotsika kwambiri, SCR catalytic converter sangathe kuyankha bwino, ndipo ngati alamu ya matenda a galimoto siimayankha, injini idzalowa mumsewu wodzidzimutsa. Njira yosavuta yoziziritsira thanki yanu ya AdBlue ndikutsanulira madzi ozizira pamwamba pake.
Kulephera kwa zida zamakina ndi zamagetsi - ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, kuwonongeka kwa mpope kapena kulephera kwa jekeseni ya AdBlue ndizosowa. Kumbali inayi, masensa a nitric oxide amalephera nthawi zambiri. Tsoka ilo, masensa nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera mtengo kuposa majekeseni. Amagula kuchokera mazana angapo mpaka pafupifupi 2000 zloty.
Kuipitsa - Dongosolo la AdBlue silimalekerera kuipitsidwa kulikonse, makamaka mafuta. Ngakhale mlingo wochepa wa izo udzawononga unsembe. Mafayilo ndi zida zina zofunika pakubwezeretsanso urea sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zina zilizonse. AdBlue sayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi, chifukwa izi zitha kuwononga chosinthira chothandizira. AdBlue ndi 32,5% yankho la urea m'madzi, chiŵerengero ichi sichiyenera kuphwanyidwa.
Makina a SCR adayikidwa pamagalimoto kuyambira 2006, komanso pamagalimoto onyamula anthu kuyambira 2012. Palibe amene amakana kufunikira kowagwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi ntchito yabwino kwa tonsefe. Koma pazaka zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito, SCR yadziwikiratu koyipa kwambiri, ikulimbikitsa zokambirana zamakasitomala komanso ogwiritsa ntchito okwiyitsa. Ndizovuta ngati zosefera, ndipo zimatha kuwonetsa eni magalimoto kusokonezeka kwamanjenje komanso kuwononga ndalama zambiri. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti msika udachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi zosefera za particulate. Pali zokambirana zomwe zimachotsa kuyika kwa jekeseni wa AdBlue ndikuyika emulator yapadera yomwe imadziwitsa makina owonetsera galimoto kuti fyulutayo idakalipo ndipo ikugwira ntchito bwino. Komanso mu nkhani iyi, mbali ya makhalidwe amenewa ndi zokayikitsa kwambiri, koma n'zosadabwitsa kuti madalaivala amene anakwawa pansi pa khungu la SCR ndipo analowa mu chikwama chawo. Mbali yovomerezeka imasiya mosakayikira - kuchotsedwa kwa fyuluta ya SCR sikuloledwa, chifukwa kumaphwanya malamulo ovomerezeka a galimoto. Komabe, palibe amene angayesere kuzindikira mchitidwe wotero, monga momwe zimakhalira kuchotsa zosefera.
