Dizilo. Zizindikiro 5 za Kukonza Kwamtengo Wapatali

Openda ndi akatswiri amisika, komanso opanga magalimoto, amaneneratu za kutha kwa nyengo ya injini za dizilo. Ngakhale izi, kutchuka kwawo akadali wamkulu, ndipo madalaivala ambiri saganiza kuyendetsa galimoto ndi powertrain osiyana. Kusinthasintha, torque yayikulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa ndizo zabwino zazikulu zamainjini a dizilo. Minus - zowonongeka zamtengo wapatali, zomwe, mwamwayi, zimatha kupezeka mu nthawi ndikuchotsedwa mwamsanga.

Magawo amasiku ano a dizilo amadziwika ndi magawo apamwamba, magwiridwe antchito komanso chuma. Makokedwe apamwamba amapezeka pamitundu yambiri ndipo amakhala nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 1500 rpm. Zoterezi zimakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pamayendedwe, magwiridwe antchito, koma koposa zonse pakuwongolera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa, makamaka pamsewu. Mumzindawu, zabwino izi zimasinthidwa ndikufufutika, koma ngati mumayendetsa kwambiri ndikuyendetsa mtunda wautali, ndiye kuti muyamikire zabwino za dizilo.

Tsoka ilo, zovuta zamainjini amakono a dizilo ndizokwera kwambiri kotero kuti chiwopsezo cha kulephera kwamtengo wapatali, makamaka pankhani ya kusagwira bwino ntchito komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito, kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Chokongola kwambiri chirichonse chingalephereke ndipo ngati tili ndi mapangidwe a dizilo otsimikiziridwa chiwopsezo ndi chochepa ndipo zimadalira makamaka dalaivala ndi momwe amasamalirira galimotoyo.

Komabe, hardware imatha kukhala yosasunthika, ndipo ngakhale kunyalanyaza pang'ono kapena kusadziwa kumakhala kokwanira kuchititsa zizindikiro zoyamba kuti ziwonongeke mwamsanga. Ndi chiyani chomwe chingalephereke ndikupangitsa mtengo wokwera kwambiri?

Makina oyeretsera gasi: DPF, Zosefera za SCR

Zosefera za dizilo ndi makina ena ochiritsira ndizovuta kwambiri kwa ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto a dizilo. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse pamisewu kumapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mopanda mavuto, mtunda waufupi pafupipafupi mumzinda ukhoza kukhala wovuta kwambiri. Ndikulankhula makamaka za magalimoto amakono a dizilo, omwe, chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima otulutsa mpweya, ayenera kukhala ndi zosefera za DPF ndipo - makamaka m'mitundu yaposachedwa - machitidwe a SCR omwe amachepetsa nitrogen oxide (NOx).

Ndi msinkhu wa galimoto ndi chiwerengero cha makilomita omwe akuyenda, fyuluta ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono imatha, kapena m'malo mwake imakhala ndi phulusa. Fyuluta yotsekeka iyenera kudziyeretsa yokha, ndipo pakapita nthawi mipata pakati pa kuyeretsa imakhala yayifupi. Pamene fyuluta ikuyaka, galimotoyo imakhala yaulesi, kuyankha kwa accelerator pedal kumachedwa, kuyaka kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri, utsi umachokera ku chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya. Ngakhale kutenthedwa kwa fyuluta kumachitika pamsewu, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzimva, koma ngati kompyuta itsegula njirayo poyendetsa mzindawo, ikhoza kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Ndiye inu sayenera kuzimitsa injini, ndi njira yabwino ndi kuyendetsa mumsewu pa liwiro lapamwamba pang'ono. Komabe, izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse - nthawi zina dalaivala amaimitsa ntchitoyi mosadziwa. Ngati kusinthikanso kumasokonekera nthawi zonse, fyulutayo ikhoza kutsekedwa kwathunthu ndipo injini idzalowa mumsewu wadzidzidzi. Njira yothetsera?

Ngati kuyendetsa popanda msewu sikuthandiza kapena galimoto ikukana kumvera konse, yankho likhoza kukhala lotchedwa utumiki wokakamizidwa kutenthedwa pa fyuluta, yomwe idzawononge ma zloty mazana angapo. Mwa njira, tikulimbikitsidwa kusintha mafuta. Mwa njira, njira yotereyi sikungovulaza injini, komanso sikuti nthawi zonse imakwaniritsa ntchito yake, makamaka ngati zosefera zakale kwambiri, zowonongeka. Ndiye njira yokhayo ndiyo kusinthira fyulutayo ndi ina. Pazosavuta, zimawononga pafupifupi PLN 1500. Zovuta kwambiri, zoyikidwa pamagalimoto amakono, zimatha kuwononga ndalama zokwana PLN 10. Kuphatikiza apo, zosefera zonyowa (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi PSA) zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi apadera omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa PLN 000 pa lita. Mtengo wa AdBlue pamakina a SCR ndiwotsika kwambiri - nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwana PLN 100 pa lita.

Turbocharger ndi zina zake

Chinthu china chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusagwira bwino. Ngati dalaivala, patapita nthawi atayamba injini, nthawi zonse amayendetsa molimba, sadikira kuti injini itenthetse, imayendetsa pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri, ndipo mwamsanga atangoyima pambuyo pa ulendo wothamanga, amazimitsa galimotoyo, posakhalitsa. izi zidzatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa turbo. Inde, pangakhale zifukwa zambiri, monga kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe, malo olakwika, kapena kuvala kwachibadwa. Zida za Turbocharger zithanso kulephera. Ndikulankhula za masensa othamanga, kudya kapena kutchedwa. peyala.

Komabe, ngati turbocharger imawunikiridwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo dalaivala amayang'anira ntchito yake, sikuyenera kukhala mavuto aakulu. Ndikofunikiranso kuzindikira cholakwika chomwe chingachitike munthawi yake, kuti zitheke kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, mwa kusinthika kapena kusinthidwa, kusanachitike kuwonongeka kwakukulu, mwachitsanzo, zinthu zozungulira zimalowa mkati mwa injini. Muzovuta kwambiri, galimotoyo imatha kuwonongedwa kwathunthu. Ngati galimoto ilibe mphamvu zokwanira, utsi wa buluu umatuluka paipi yotulutsa mpweya, mafuta a injini amatsika nthawi zonse, pali mafuta ambiri mu intercooler, ndipo mluzu wosiyana kapena phokoso lachitsulo limamveka panthawi yothamanga, ndipamwamba. nthawi yoti muwone momwe turbocharger ilili. Kubwezeretsanso chinthu ichi mumsonkhano wa akatswiri kumawononga pafupifupi PLN 1000 (kutengera mtundu). Kugula turbine yatsopano kudzawononga ma zloty zikwi zingapo.

Jekeseni dongosolo

Ichi ndi chinthu china chomwe chimalephera osati chifukwa cha ukalamba, komanso chifukwa cha umbuli ndi kusasamala kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Malangizo a jekeseni awonongeka: ndi mafuta otsika kwambiri, kusintha kosayenerera pamsonkhanowo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu aukali omwe cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya serial injini, i.e. kukonza chip. M'mainjini ambiri, nsonga za nozzle zimatsekedwa kwathunthu ndi zosefera zachitsulo, zomwe zimabwera, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku pampu yamafuta owonongeka. Zimachitika kuti ma coil poyatsira amawotcha, pali mavuto ndi ma valve owongolera, komanso kutulutsa kwamafuta kuchokera pansi pa zisindikizo (otchedwa o-mphete).

Zizindikiro zoyamba za majekeseni owonongeka zimakhala zovuta kuyambitsa injini, kugwedezeka kowoneka bwino, utsi wakuda kuchokera ku utsi ndi kuyaka kowonjezereka. Kuzindikira koyenera kumakhala kovuta komanso kosadalirika, chifukwa ngakhale kuyeza ma jakisoni owongolera kumatha kusokeretsa. Njira yabwino ndiyo kuzindikira kusefukira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. Mtengo wokonza? Zosiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Kukonza, kapena kukonzanso mitundu yakale yomwe ikugwira ntchito movutikira, kumawononga pakati pa PLN 200 ndi 500. Opereka chithandizo oyenerera okha ndi omwe amatha kuthana ndi mayankho atsopano, makamaka majekeseni a piezo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalipira ndalama zambiri. Simuyenera kupereka ma nozzles ku zokambirana zopanda nzeru zomwe zingachite mosasamala ndikusonkhanitsa ndalama zambiri.

Zovala za Vortex ndi EGR

Chisankho china chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chilengedwe. Ma dampers apadera amawongolera kutalika kwa njira yolowera ndikuzungulira mpweya womwe umalowa mu masilindala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti poyendetsa popanda katundu, mwachitsanzo, kutsika kapena kuthamanga kosalekeza, zinthu zochepa za poizoni zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga. Ngakhale kuti zonse zili bwino komanso zatsopano, dongosololi limagwira ntchito bwino. Tsoka ilo, pazaka zambiri komanso mazana a makilomita, dongosololi limayamba kufooka. Ntchito yake imakhudzidwa molakwika makamaka ndi mwaye, womwe umadziunjikira mu dongosolo lamadyedwe ndipo ukhoza kuletsa makinawo. Izi, zimayambitsanso kuwala kwa injini ya cheke ndipo njira yadzidzidzi iyambike. Komanso, pankhani ya injini, mwachitsanzo 1.9 16V (Fiat / Opel / Saab), damper akhoza kubwera ndi kulowa injini, i.e. masilinda. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chipangizochi chilephereke kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosatha.

Pali zizindikiro zambiri ndipo sizikuwonetsa kulephera kwa vortex dampers. Nthawi zambiri, pali mavuto ndi kuyamba ndi kusowa mphamvu pa mathamangitsidwe. Zoonadi, pakakhala chipwirikiti chophwanyidwa, kuwala kwa injini kumawonekera. Nthawi zina pamakhala kusintha kolakwika kwa jekeseni komanso utsi wochuluka kuchokera ku makina otulutsa mpweya. Ndalama? Palibenso mndandanda wamtengo umodzi pano, chifukwa kuyeretsa kotolera ku mwaye kumawononga ma zloty mazana angapo. Ngati m'malo ukufunika, ndalama zambiri kuposa PLN 1000. Ngati injini imayamwa pa imodzi mwazitsulo, imatha kuwononga zikwi zingapo kuti ipangidwenso, malingana ndi kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwa galimoto kumafunika.

 Onaninso: Momwe mungasungire mafuta?

EGR, yomwe imayambitsa kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndikuwongolera zomwe injini imapuma, imayambitsanso mavuto ambiri. Mwachidule, valavu ya EGR imatsegula kapena kutseka kutuluka pakati pa kutulutsa ndi kulowetsa. Ngati dalaivala safuna mphamvu zonse, amachedwetsa ndi kuphwanya injini, kapena amayendetsa mofulumira, mipweya ina yotulutsa mpweya imalowetsedwa m'kati mwa manifold, zomwe zimayambitsa, mwa zina, kuchepetsa mpweya wa nitrogen oxide. . Tsoka ilo, ngati ma swirl flaps, valavu ya EGR imagwiranso ntchito pansi pazovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imalephera, makamaka chifukwa cha mwaye.

Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo mavuto oyambira, kutaya mphamvu, kusuta, ndi kuyang'ana kuwala kwa injini. Mwamwayi, vutoli ndi losavuta kulizindikira, ndipo tikalizindikira pakapita nthawi, tidzalikonza popanda kuchita khama. Magalimoto atsopano amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve a EGR okhala ndi choziziritsa kukhosi. Ngati sitizindikira chilemacho pakapita nthawi, chimatuluka, chomwe chingabweretse mavuto ena. Pakachitika vuto, ndizomveka kuyesa kuyeretsa kwanthawi zonse. Valavu yatsopano ya EGR imadula pakati pa PLN 250 ndi PLN 1000, mapangidwe atsopano ovuta amatha kufika pa PLN 2000.

Mawuluka awiriawiri

Nthano zambiri zayamba kale kuzungulira "anthu awiri". Ena amanena kuti ntchentche yamtundu wapawiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito "kwa moyo wonse", ena kuti imagwa mvula mofulumira kwambiri kapena siikufunika nkomwe ndipo imatha kusinthidwa kukhala gudumu lowuluka wamba. Zoona, pafupi theka la njira. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimatha, koma ngati galimotoyo ikusamalidwa bwino ndipo dalaivala amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito galimotoyo ndi njira iyi, sayenera kukhala ndi vuto la makilomita zikwi makumi. Ndipo ndi chiyani "chimapha" mawilo owuluka amitundu iwiri? Kuyendetsa pa liwiro lotsika kwambiri, lomwe limapanga kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa gawo lamagetsi. Pankhaniyi, gudumu lawiri-misala limagwira ntchito mpaka malire ake, kuchepetsa kugwedezeka. Kuthamanga mwachangu kuchokera ku ma revs otsika kumakhalanso kopanda phindu - injini ya dizilo imapanga makokedwe apamwamba ngakhale pama revs otsika. Kuopsa kwa gasi komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa clutch kumapangitsa kuti flywheel yawiri-misala imveke mwachangu.

Zizindikiro za gudumu lowonongeka la dual-mass flywheel ndizodziwika kwambiri ndipo simufunika katswiri kuti adziwiretu vutoli. Ngati kugwedezeka kodziwikiratu kumamveka m'galimoto, komwe kumaperekedwanso ku thupi lagalimoto, ngati kugogoda kwakukulu kumamveka posuntha magiya ndikuyambitsa / kuyimitsa injini, ndiye kuti mawilo amtundu wapawiri amakana kumvera. Ndizowona kuti mutha kusankha kumanganso, koma zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kuvala / kuwonongeka kwa misa iwiri komanso ngati msonkhano wodziwa zambiri umasamalira kukonza. Mtengo wake umachokera ku ma zloty mazana angapo mpaka masauzande angapo. Ndege yatsopano yapawiri-misala imawononga pakati pa PLN 1000 ndi PLN 10.

Onaninso: Kuyesa Mazda 6