Kuzindikira ndikukonzekera mafelemu amgalimoto

M'nkhaniyi, tiyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane zosankha zowunikira ndi kukonza mafelemu amsewu amsewu, makamaka, zosankha zogwirizanitsa mafelemu ndikusintha magawo a chimango. Tidzawonanso mafelemu a njinga zamoto - kuthekera kowunika kukula ndi njira zokonzera, komanso kukonza zida zothandizira magalimoto amsewu.

Pafupifupi ngozi zilizonse zapamsewu, timakhala tikuwonongeka thupi. mafelemu amsewu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kwa chimango chagalimoto kumachitikanso chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito kwa galimotoyo (mwachitsanzo, kuyiyika ndi chitsulo chozungulira cha thirakitara komanso kusokonekera kwa thirakitala ndi theka-trailer chifukwa chosagwirizana Mtunda).

Mafelemu amsewu

Mafelemu a magalimoto amisewu ndi gawo lawo lothandizira, lomwe ntchito yake ndikulumikiza ndikusamalira momwe zikufunira magawo amtundu uliwonse wamagalimoto ndi magawo ena agalimoto. Mawu oti "mafelemu amgalimoto zam'misewu" amapezeka nthawi zambiri mgalimoto zokhala ndi chassis chokhala ndi chimango, chomwe chimayimira gulu la magalimoto, zoyenda pang'ono ndi zoyendetsera, mabasi, komanso gulu la makina olima (ophatikiza, mathirakitala) , komanso magalimoto ena amisewu. zida zamisewu (Mercedes-Benz G-Class, Toyota Land Cruiser, Land Rover Defender). Chojambulacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mbiri yazitsulo (makamaka U- kapena mawonekedwe a I okhala ndi makulidwe a pepala pafupifupi 5-8 mm), yolumikizidwa ndi ma welds kapena ma rivets, ndikulumikizana kotheka.

Ntchito zazikulu za mafelemu:

• sinthani magulu oyendetsa magalimoto ndi kuwongolera braking kupita ndi kuchokera kufalitsa,
• tetezani ma axel,
• kunyamula thupi ndikunyamula ndikusamutsa kulemera kwake ku axle (mphamvu yamagetsi),
• thandizani magetsi,
• onetsetsani chitetezo cha oyendetsa galimoto (chabe chitetezo element).

Zofunikira chimango:

• kukhwima, mphamvu ndi kusinthasintha (makamaka pankhani yak kupinda ndi kuzunza), moyo wotopa,
• otsika kulemera,
• yopanda mikangano pankhani yazipangizo za galimoto,
• moyo wautali (kukana dzimbiri).

Kupatukana kwa mafelemu molingana ndi kapangidwe kawo:

• chimango chokhala ndi nthiti: chimakhala ndi matabwa awiri azitali olumikizidwa ndimitengo yopingasa, matabwa akutali amatha kupangika kuti nkhwangwa zizitha,

Chimango nthiti

• chojambula chozungulira: chimakhala ndi matabwa awiri olumikizidwa ndi matabwa oyenda pakati, pakati pamapangidwewo pali ma diagonals omwe amalimbitsa kukhazikika kwa chimango,

 

Chimango chozungulira

• Crossframe "X": ili ndi mamembala awiri omwe amakhudzidwa pakati, mamembala amtanda amatuluka kuchokera mbali mbali mpaka mbali,

Chimango Cross

• chimango chakumbuyo: amagwiritsa ntchito chubu chothandizira ndi ma oscillating axles (pendulum axles), woyambitsa Hans Ledwinka, wotsogolera luso la Tatra; chimango ichi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pagalimoto yonyamula anthu Tatra 11; imadziwika ndi mphamvu zambiri, makamaka mphamvu ya torsional, chifukwa chake ndiyoyenera kwambiri pamagalimoto omwe amayendetsa mopanda msewu; salola kukhazikitsidwa kosinthika kwa injini ndi magawo opatsirana, omwe amawonjezera phokoso lobwera chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwawo,

Chimango kumbuyo

• chimango chachikulu: imalola kusinthasintha kwa injini ndikuchotsa zovuta za kapangidwe kakale,

Chimango chakumbuyo

• pulatifomu ya pulatifomu: mtundu wamtunduwu ndikusintha pakati pa thupi lodziyimira lokha ndi chimango

Chimango cha nsanja

• chimango chachitsulo: Ichi ndi chidindo chachitsulo chazitsulo chomwe chimapezeka m'mabasi amakono.

Chithunzi cha Lattice

• Mafelemu amabasi (chimango danga): amakhala ndi mafelemu awiri amakona anayi omwe amakhala pamwamba pamzake, olumikizidwa ndi magawo ofukula.

Chimango cha basi

Malinga ndi ena, mawu oti "chimango chamagalimoto" amatanthauzanso thupi lodziyimira lokha lagalimoto yonyamula, yomwe imakwaniritsa bwino ntchito yothandizirana nayo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri powotcherera zidindo ndi mbiri yazitsulo. Magalimoto oyamba opanga omwe anali ndi matupi onse azitsulo anali Citroën Traction Avant (1934) ndi Opel Olympia (1935).

Zofunikira zazikulu ndi mabacteria otetezedwa mwakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa chimango ndi thupi lathunthu. Kuuma kwakapangidwe koyenera kuyenera kuyamwa mphamvu momwe ingathere, kuyiyamwa chifukwa cha kusinthika kwake, motero kuchedwetsa kusinthika kwanyumba komwe. Osatengera izi, ndizokhwima momwe zingatetezere okwera ndikuwathandiza kuwapulumutsa pambuyo pangozi yapamsewu. Zolimba zimaphatikizaponso kukana kwammbali. Matanda akutali m'thupi amakhala ndi zokopa kapena zopindika kotero kuti pambuyo povulazidwa zimasokonekera m'njira yoyenera komanso yolondola. Thupi lodziyimira lokha limalola kuchepetsa kulemera konse kwa galimotoyo mpaka 10%. Komabe, kutengera momwe zinthu zilili pano pamsika, pochita izi, kukonza mafelemu amalole kumachitika, mtengo wogula ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa wamagalimoto, ndi makasitomala omwe amagwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse pochita malonda (zoyendera ) zochitika. ...

Pakakhala kuwonongeka koopsa kwa magalimoto apaulendo, makampani awo a inshuwaransi amawagawaniza ngati kuwonongeka kwathunthu motero nthawi zambiri samakonzanso. Izi zakhudza kwambiri kugulitsa oyendetsa magalimoto atsopano, omwe awona kuchepa kwakukulu mzaka zaposachedwa.

Mafelemu a njinga zamoto nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma waya a ma tubular, pomwe mafoloko akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo amakhala atakwera kwambiri pachimango chomwe amapangacho. Kokani kukonza moyenera. Kusintha magawo azithunzi za njinga zamoto nthawi zambiri kumakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndi ogulitsa ndi malo opangira zida zamtunduwu chifukwa cha ngozi zomwe angayende nazo oyendetsa njinga zamoto. Nthawi izi, mutazindikira kuti chimango chikuwoneka ndikuwonongeka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisinthe mawonekedwe onse amanjinga atsopano.

Komabe, machitidwe osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ndikukonza mafelemu amgalimoto, magalimoto ndi njinga zamoto, zomwe zimawunikira pansipa.

Kuzindikira mafelemu amgalimoto

Kuwonetsa kuwunika ndi muyeso

Pangozi zapamsewu, chimango ndi ziwalo zathupi zimayikidwa pamitundumitundu (mwachitsanzo, kupanikizika, kupindika, kupindika, torsion, strut), motsatana. kuphatikiza kwawo.

Kutengera mtundu wakukhudzidwa, zosintha zotsatirazi za chimango, chimango kapena thupi zitha kuchitika:

• Kugwa kwa gawo lapakati pa chimango (mwachitsanzo, kugundana pamutu kapena kugundana ndi kumbuyo kwa galimoto),

Kulephera kwa gawo lapakati pa chimango

• kukankhira chimango (ndikuwonekera kutsogolo),

Kwezani chimango

• kusunthira kwina (zoyipa)

Kuthamangitsidwa kwina

• kupotoza (mwachitsanzo, kupotoza galimoto)

Kupotoza

Kuphatikiza apo, ming'alu kapena ming'alu imatha kuwonekera pazomango. Ponena za kuwunika kolondola kwa kuwonongeka, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kuwunika kumawoneka ndipo, kutengera kukula kwa ngoziyo, ndikofunikanso kuyeza chimango cha galimoto moyenera. thupi lake.

Kuwongolera kowoneka

Izi zikuphatikiza kudziwa kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika kuti mudziwe ngati galimotoyo ikuyenera kuyezedwa komanso zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa ngoziyo, galimoto imayang'aniridwa kuti iwonongeke m'malo osiyanasiyana:

1. Zowonongeka zakunja.

Mukamayendera galimoto, muyenera kutsatira izi:

• kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe,
• kukula kwamalumikizidwe (mwachitsanzo, zitseko, ma bumpers, bonnet, chipinda chonyamula katundu, ndi zina zambiri) zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kupindika kwa thupi ndipo chifukwa chake miyezo ndiyofunikira,
• kupunduka pang'ono (mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa kumadera akulu), komwe kumatha kuzindikiridwa ndikuwala kosiyanasiyana,
• kuwonongeka kwa galasi, utoto, kulimbana, kuwonongeka kwa m'mbali.

2. Kuwonongeka kwa chimango chapansi.

Mukawona galimoto ikuphwanyidwa, ikuphwanyidwa, yopindika, kapena yosakanikirana mukamayesa galimotoyo, yesani galimotoyo.

3. Kuwonongeka kwamkati.

• ming'alu, kufinya (chifukwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kuti muchotse zolumikizazo),
• kutsitsa lamba wokhala pampando,
• kutumizidwa kwa ma airbags,
• kuwonongeka kwa moto,
• kuipitsa.

3. Kuwonongeka kwachiwiri

Mukazindikira kuwonongeka kwachiwiri, m'pofunika kuwunika ngati pali zina, mbali zina za chimango, acc. zolimbitsa thupi monga injini, kufalitsa, zoyendetsa axle, chiwongolero ndi mbali zina zofunika za galimotoyo.

Kukhazikitsa kwa dongosolo lokonzekera

Zowonongeka zomwe zimayang'aniridwa pakuwona zimajambulidwa papepala ndipo kukonza kofunikira kumatsimikiziridwa (mwachitsanzo, kusinthira, kukonza zina, kusintha kwina, muyeso, kupenta, ndi zina zambiri). Chidziwitsocho chimakonzedwa ndi pulogalamu yowerengera pakompyuta kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa mtengo wokonzanso ndi nthawi yamgalimoto. Komabe, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakukonza mafelemu opepuka, popeza kukonza mafelemu amigalimoto kumakhala kovuta kuwunika kuchokera pamayendedwe.

Chojambula chimango / thupi

Ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati zosintha za wonyamulirayo zachitika, acc. chimango pansi. Kuyeza ma probes, zida zoyikira (makina, mawonekedwe kapena zamagetsi) ndi makina oyesera amakhala ngati njira yoyezera. Choyambira ndi magome azithunzi kapena kuyeza kwa wopanga mtundu wamagalimoto omwe wapatsidwa.

Matenda a matraki (muyeso wa chimango)

Matenda a ma geometry diagnostics a TruckCam, Celette ndi Blackhawk amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira kulephera (kusamutsa) mafelemu othandizira magalimoto.

1. TruckCam system (mtundu woyambira).

Njirayi idapangidwa kuti izitha kuyeza ndikusintha masanjidwe amiyala yamagalimoto. Komabe, ndikothekanso kuyeza kusinthasintha ndi kupendekera kwa chimango chagalimoto poyerekeza ndi zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndiopanga magalimoto, komanso kulowetsa konse, kuthamangitsa magudumu ndi kupendekera ndi kupendekera kwa olowera. Ili ndi kamera yokhala ndi chopatsira (wokwera kuthekera kosinthasintha ma diski ogwiritsa ntchito zida zamanja zitatu zokhala ndi zobwereza), malo opangira makompyuta omwe ali ndi pulogalamu yofananira, wayilesi yotumiza komanso owonera okha omwe ali ndi chidwi cholumikizidwa ndi chimango chagalimoto.

Zigawo Zakuyeza Kwamagalimoto a TruckCam

Mawonekedwe azida zokha

Thupi la infrared la transmitter likakantha chandamale, chowunikira chomwe chili kumapeto kwa chodzipangira, chimayang'ananso kumbuyo kwa kamera ya kamera. Zotsatira zake, chithunzi cha chandamale chikuwonetsedwa pamiyeso yakuda. Chithunzicho chimasanthulidwa ndi microprocessor wa kamera ndikutumiza zidziwitsozo pakompyuta, yomwe imamaliza kuwerengera kutengera ma alpha, beta, deflection angle komanso kutalika kwa chandamale.

Njira zoyesera:

• odziyang'anira okha omwe ali ndi chimango cha galimoto (kumbuyo kwa chimango chagalimoto)
• pulogalamuyo imazindikira mtundu wamagalimoto ndikulowa mumayendedwe amgalimoto (m'lifupi mwake, chimango chakumbuyo, kutalika kwa chosungira chokhazikitsira)
• mothandizidwa ndi lever yolumikizana itatu yomwe itha kubwerekanso mobwerezabwereza, makamera amakhala pamakomo oyendetsa galimotoyo
• deta yolunjika yawerengedwa
• zodzikongoletsera zokhazokha zimasunthira pakati pakapangidwe kagalimoto
• deta yolunjika yawerengedwa
• zodzikongoletsera zokhazokha zimayang'ana kutsogolo kwa chimango chagalimoto
• deta yolunjika yawerengedwa
• pulogalamuyi imapanga kujambula komwe kumawonetsa kusintha kwa chimango kuchokera pamitengo yamamilimita (kulolerana 5 mm)

Chosavuta cha dongosololi ndikuti mtundu woyambirira wa dongosololi sukuwunikanso mosalekeza zolakwika, ndiye kuti, pakukonza, wogwira ntchito sakudziwa kuti ndi milingo iti yamamilimita mamilimita omwe asinthidwa. Chojambula chikatambasulidwa, kukula kwake kuyenera kubwerezedwa. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limaganiziridwa ndi ena kuti ndi loyenera kusintha masamu a magudumu komanso osayenera kukonza mafelemu amgalimoto.

2. Dongosolo la ma Celette ochokera ku Blackhawk

Machitidwe a Celette ndi Blackhawk amagwiranso ntchito mofanana kwambiri ndi kachitidwe ka TruckCam komwe tafotokozazi.

Makina a Bette a Celette ali ndi chopatsira cha laser m'malo mwa kamera, ndipo zolowera ndi millimeter sikelo zosonyeza chimango kuchokera pazomwe zatchulidwazo zimayikidwa m'mabokosi omwe amangodzipangira okha m'malo mowunikira. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera pozindikira kusokonekera ndikuti wogwira ntchito amatha kuwona pakukonzanso phindu lomwe masinthidwe ake.

M'dongosolo la Blackhawk, makina apadera owonera laser amayesa malo oyambira a chassis poyerekeza ndi momwe magudumu akumbuyo amayendera poyerekeza ndi chimango. Ngati sakugwirizana, muyenera kuyiyika. Mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magudumu amanja ndi amanzere poyerekeza ndi chimango, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa zolondola zazitsulo ndi kupindika kwa mawilo ake. Ngati zopindika kapena kupindika kwa magudumu kumasintha pazitsulo zolimba, ndiye kuti mbali zina ziyenera kusinthidwa. Ngati ma axle ndi magudumu ali olondola, awa ndi machitidwe osakhazikika omwe angayang'ane zolakwika zilizonse. Ndi mitundu itatu: mapindikidwe pa wononga, kusuntha kwa matabwa amtundu wa kotenga nthawi ndi kupindika kwa chimango mu ndege yopingasa kapena yowongoka. Zolinga zazidziwitso zodziwika ndizomwe zasungidwa ndipo zopatuka pazoyenera zimadziwika. Malingana ndi iwo, ndondomeko ya malipiro ndi mapangidwe adzatsimikiziridwa, mothandizidwa ndi zolakwika zomwe zidzakonzedwe. Kukonzekera kotereku kumatenga tsiku lonse.

Chandamale Blackhawk

Kutumiza kwa Laser Beam

Kuzindikira galimoto

XNUMXD chimango / kukula kwa thupi

Ndi muyeso wa XNUMXD / kuyeza thupi, kutalika kokha, m'lifupi ndi masikeli ndi omwe amatha kuyezedwa. Sikoyenera kuyeza kukula kwa thupi.

Pansi pazithunzi zoyesa muyeso wa muyeso wa XNUMXD

Chojambulira choloza

Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira kutalika, m'lifupi, ndi kukula kwake. Ngati, poyesa kulumikizana kuchokera koyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa axle kutsogolo chakumanzere chakumanzere, kupatuka kwapakati kumapezeka, izi zitha kuwonetsa chimango chopindika.

Wothandizira

Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndimitengo itatu yoyezera yomwe imayikidwa pamiyeso yeniyeni yapansi. Pali zikhomo zolowera pazitsulo zoyezera momwe mungakhalire. Mafelemu othandizira ndi mafelemu apansi ndioyenera ngati zikhomo zokutira zikuphimba kutalika konse kwa kapangidwe kake.

Wothandizira

Kugwiritsa ntchito chida chokhazikika

Kuyeza kwa thupi kwa XNUMXD

Pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo yazithunzi zitatu, amatha kutsimikizika (kuyeza) munthawi yayitali, yopingasa ndi yolunjika. Oyenera miyezo yolondola ya thupi

Mfundo yoyesera ya XNUMXD

Tebulo lowongoka ndi njira yoyezera yaponseponse

Poterepa, galimoto yowonongekayi idatetezedwa patebulo lokwanira ndi zolumikizira thupi. M'tsogolomu, mlatho woyeserera udayikidwa pansi pa galimotoyo, pomwe ndikofunikira kusankha malo atatu osayesa kuyeza thupi, awiri omwe amafanana ndi kutalika kwa galimotoyo. Gawo lachitatu loyesera liyenera kukhala kutali kwambiri momwe zingathere. Ngolo yoyezera imayikidwa pa mlatho woyesera, womwe umatha kusinthidwa ndendende pamiyeso yoyesera payokha ndipo kutalika kwake kungakhale kotsimikizika. Chipata chilichonse choyezera chimakhala ndi nyumba zakuthambo ndi sikelo yomwe nsonga zoyesera zimayikidwira. Powonjezera nsonga zoyezera, chotsatsira chimasunthira kumiyeso ya thupi kuti kutalika kwake kuthe kutsimikizika molondola.

Tawulo lolunjika ndi makina oyesera

Njira yoyezera

Kuti muyese thupi poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa opepuka, makina oyesera amayenera kukhala kunja kwa chimango cha tebulo lokwera. Muyesowo ungathenso kutengedwa popanda chimango chothandizirana choyimira, ngati galimotoyo ili pamtunda kapena ngati yayimitsidwa. Poyezera, amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo ziwiri zoyezera, zomwe zimakhala pamakona oyenda mozungulira galimotoyo. Ali ndi laser unit, splitter yodula komanso mayunitsi angapo a prismatic. Laser unit imapanga kuwala kwa kuwala komwe kumayenda mozungulira ndikuwonekera pokhapokha akagundana ndi chopinga. Chowombera chidacho chimasokoneza laser mtanda mozungulira njanji yayifupi yoyezera ndipo nthawi yomweyo imalola kuti iziyenda molunjika. Ma prism amatseketsa mtanda wa laser mozungulira makamaka pansi pagalimoto.

Njira yoyezera

Malo osachepera atatu osawonongeka panyumbayo ayenera kupachikidwa ndi olamulira apulasitiki owoneka bwino ndikusinthidwa malinga ndi pepala loyesa malinga ndi zomwe zikulumikiza. Mukayatsa laser unit, malo amiyeso yoyesera amasintha mpaka pomwe kuwala kumafikira dera lomwe olamulirawo amayesa, omwe amatha kudziwika ndi dontho lofiira pa olamulira. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mtanda wa laser ndi wofanana pansi pa galimotoyo. Kuti mudziwe kutalika kwa kutalika kwa thupi, ndikofunikira kuyika olamulira owonjezera pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana pansi pa galimotoyo. Chifukwa chake, posuntha ma prismatic, ndizotheka kuwerengera kutalika kwa olamulira oyesera ndi kutalika kwa njanji zoyesera. Kenako amafananizidwa ndi pepala loyesa.

Njira yoyezera yamagetsi

M'dongosolo loyeserali, malo oyesera oyenerera pathupi amasankhidwa ndi mkono woyezera womwe umayenda pa mkono wowongolera (kapena ndodo) ndipo uli ndi nsonga yoyesera yoyenera. Udindo weniweni wa malo owerengera amawerengedwa ndi kompyutayi m'manja mwake ndipo zomwe amayeza zimafalikira pakompyuta yoyezera ndi wailesi. Mmodzi mwa opanga zida zamtunduwu ndi Celette, makina ake oyesera atatu amatchedwa NAJA 3.

Njira yoyezera telemetry yoyendetsedwa ndi Celette NAJA kompyuta yoyendera magalimoto

Njira yoyezera: Galimoto imayikidwa pachida chokweza ndikukweza kuti mawilo ake asakhudze pansi. Kuti mudziwe malo oyambira galimotoyo, kafukufukuyu amasankha mfundo zitatu zomwe sizinawonongeke mthupi, kenako kafukufukuyo amawaika pamiyeso. Miyezo yoyesedwa imafanizidwa ndikuyerekeza zomwe zasungidwa pakompyuta yoyezera. Mukayesa kupatuka kwake, uthenga wolakwika kapena zolemba zokhazokha (mbiri) mu protocol ya muyeso ikutsatira. Njirayi itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonzanso (kukoka) magalimoto kuti muwunikire pafupipafupi momwe mfundo iliri mu x, y, z malangizo, komanso panthawi yokonzanso ziwalo za thupi.

Mawonekedwe amachitidwe oyesa konsekonse:

• kutengera mtundu wa kuyeza, pali pepala loyesera lapadera lomwe lili ndi mfundo zoyezera mtundu uliwonse wa galimoto,
• Malangizo oyeserera amasinthasintha, kutengera mawonekedwe ofunikira,
• mfundo thupi akhoza kuyeza ndi unit anaika kapena disassembled,
• mawindo agalimoto omata (ngakhale osweka) sayenera kuchotsedwa asanalemere thupi, chifukwa amayamwa mpaka 30% yamphamvu zopindika za thupi,
• makina oyesera sangathe kuthandizira kulemera kwa galimotoyo ndipo sangathe kuwunika mphamvu zomwe zidachitika pakusintha kwammbuyo,
• poyesa makina pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa a laser, pewani kuwonekera pa mtanda wa laser,
• Makina oyesera apadziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zamakompyuta omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu awo owunikira.

Kuzindikira kwa njinga zamoto

Mukamayang'ana kukula kwa njinga yamoto mukugwiritsa ntchito, makina a Scheibner Messtechnik amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zowunika kuti awunikire mogwirizana ndi pulogalamu yowerengera malo oyenera amalo amanjinga amoto.

Zida zowunika za Scheibner

Kukonza chimango / thupi

Kukonza chimango chamagalimoto

Pakalipano, pokonzekera, machitidwe owongoka a BPL kuchokera ku kampani ya ku France ya Celette ndi Power cage kuchokera ku kampani ya ku America Blackhawk amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Machitidwewa amapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mitundu yonse ya ma deformation, pamene kumanga ma conductor sikufuna kuchotsa kwathunthu mafelemu. Ubwino wake ndi kukhazikitsa kwa mafoni a nsanja zamitundu ina yamagalimoto. Ma Direct hydraulic motors okhala ndi kukankha / kukoka mphamvu yopitilira matani 20 amagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha makulidwe a chimango (kukankha / kukoka). Mwanjira imeneyi ndizotheka kugwirizanitsa mafelemu ndi kuchotsera pafupifupi 1 mita. Kukonza chimango chagalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha pazigawo zopunduka sikuvomerezeka kapena kuletsedwa malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga.

Njira yowongoka BPL (Celette)

Gawo loyambira la kapangidwe kake ndi konkriti wachitsulo, womangika ndi anangula.

Onani nsanja yoyeserera ya BPL

Zingwe zazikulu zazitsulo (nsanja) zimalola kuti mafelemu akankhidwe ndikukoka osawotha, amakwera pama mawilo omwe amatambasula dzanja likakoka lever, kukweza bala ndipo kumatha kusunthidwa. Pambuyo potulutsa cholembera, mawilo amalowetsedwa mkatikati mwa nsanamira (nsanja), ndipo malo ake onse amakhala pansi, pomwe amalumikizidwa ndi konkriti pogwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizira ndi ma wedges azitsulo.

Yendani ndi chitsanzo chokhazikika pamaziko

Komabe, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuwongola chimango cha galimoto osachichotsa. Izi zimachitika kutengera kuti ndi nthawi yanji yomwe imafunika kuthandizira chimango, motsatana. mfundo yanji kukankha. Mukamawongola chimango (mwachitsanzo pansipa) ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito spacer bar yomwe ikugwirizana pakati pa matabwa awiriwo.

Kuwonongeka kumbuyo kwa chimango

Kukonza chimango pambuyo disassembling mbali

Pambuyo pokhazikika, chifukwa chakusintha kwakuthupi kwa zinthuzo, mawonekedwe am'deralo a mbiri yazithunzi amawonekera, omwe amatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito jiki yama hydraulic.

Kuwongolera zolakwika zakomweko pachimango

Makina osinthira okhala ndi ma Celette

Ngati ndi kotheka kuti agwirizane cabins magalimoto, ntchito akhoza kuchita ntchito:

• dongosolo lomwe tafotokozali pamwambapa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokoka (zodutsa) kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 4 mita osafunikira kutaya,

Fanizo la kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nsanja yayitali yokhazikitsira makabati

•  mothandizidwa ndi benchi yokonzanso yapadera Celette Menyr 3 yokhala ndi nsanja ziwiri za mita zinayi (zosadalira maziko); nsanja zitha kuchotsedwa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kukoka padenga la mabasi komanso pamtunda,

Mpando wapadera wotsamira wazinyumba

Makina owongola khola (Blackhawk)

Chipangizocho chimasiyana ndi dongosolo lokhathamiritsa la Celette, makamaka, chifukwa chimango chothandiziracho chimakhala ndi matabwa akuluakulu mamita 18, pomwe galimoto yomwe idagundidwayo idzamangidwenso. Chipangizocho ndi choyenera magalimoto ataliatali, ma semi-trailer, okolola, mabasi, cranes ndi njira zina.

Mphamvu yamakokedwe ndi kukakamiza kwamatani 20 kapena kupitilira apo pakuyenda imaperekedwa ndi mapampu amadzimadzi. Blackhawk ili ndimakankhidwe angapo osiyanasiyana ndikukoka. Nsanja za chipangizocho zimatha kusunthidwa m'njira yakutali ndipo ma hydraulic cylinders amatha kuyikidwapo. Mphamvu zawo zokoka zimafalikira ndi maunyolo owongoka mwamphamvu. Njira yokonzekera imafunikira chidziwitso chambiri komanso chidziwitso cha zovuta ndi zovuta. Malipiro a kutentha sanagwiritsidwepo ntchito, chifukwa amatha kusokoneza kapangidwe kazinthuzo. Wopanga chipangizochi amaletsa izi. Kukonza mafelemu opunduka osasokoneza mbali iliyonse yagalimoto ndi ziwiya zomwe zili pachipangizochi kumatenga pafupifupi masiku atatu. Nthawi zosavuta, imatha kutha pakanthawi kochepa. Ngati ndi kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito ma pulley omwe amakulitsa mphamvu yamakokedwe kapena yolemetsa mpaka matani 40. Zoyipa zilizonse zazing'onoting'ono zilizonse ziyenera kukonzedwa mofananamo ndi dongosolo la Celette BPL.

Kukonzekera Blackhawk Station

Patsamba lokonzanso, mutha kusinthanso zomangamanga, mwachitsanzo, pamabasi.

Kuwongolera masitepe apamtunda

Kukonza mafelemu agalimoto okhala ndi zida zopunduka zotenthetsera - m'malo mwa zigawo za chimango

Potengera ntchito zovomerezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito zotenthetsera mbali zopunduka pokonza mafelemu amgwiritsidwe ntchito pang'ono, kutengera malingaliro a opanga magalimoto. Ngati kutentha koteroko kumachitika, makamaka, kutenthetsa kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ubwino wa njirayi pakuwotcha kwamoto ndikuti m'malo motenthetsera pamwamba, ndizotheka kutentha malo owonongeka moyenera. Ndi njirayi, kuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka kwamagetsi ndi pulasitiki yolumikizira mpweya sizichitika. Komabe, pamakhala chiopsezo chosintha momwe zinthuzo ziliri, monga kuzizira kwa njere, makamaka chifukwa cha kutentha kosayenera pakakhala vuto lamakina.

Kuchepetsa Kutentha kwa chipangizo Alesco 3000 (mphamvu 12 kW)

Kusintha kwa ziwalo za chimango nthawi zambiri kumachitika mukakhala ntchito za "garaja", motsatana. pokonza mafelemu amgalimoto, amachitika okha. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa ziwalo zopindika (kuzidula) ndikuzisintha ndi chimango chotengedwa mgalimoto ina yosawonongeka. Pakukonzekera kumeneku, chisamaliro chiyenera kuthandizidwa kukhazikitsa ndi kuwotcherera gawo pazoyambira.

Kukonza mafelemu agalimoto zonyamula

Kukonza matupi pangozi yagalimoto kumayikidwa paziphatikizi za zigawo zazikulu zagalimoto (mwachitsanzo ma axles, injini, zopinira pakhomo, ndi zina). Ndege zoyezera payekha zimatsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga, ndipo njira zowongolera zimanenanso m'buku lokonzekera magalimoto. Pakukonzanso komweko, mayankho amachitidwe osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mafelemu omangidwa pansi pamisonkhano kapena malo owongoka.

Pangozi yapamsewu, thupi limasandutsa mphamvu zambiri kukhala zosintha chimango, motsatana. mapepala amthupi. Mukakonza thupi, pamafunika mphamvu zokwanira zokwaniritsa komanso zopanikiza, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma hydraulic traction ndi zida zamagetsi. Mfundoyi ndiyakuti mphamvu yakumbuyo yakumbuyo iyenera kukhala yotsutsana ndi komwe akutsogolera.

Zida Zosintha hayidiroliki

Amakhala ndi makina osindikizira komanso mota wama hydraulic wolumikizidwa ndi payipi yothamanga. Pankhani yamphamvu kwambiri, ndodo ya pisitoni imafikira pansi chifukwa chapanikizika kwambiri; ikakhala cholembera chowonjezera, chimabwerera m'mbuyo. Malekezero a ndodo yamphamvu ndi pisitoni ayenera kuthandizidwa pakakakamiza ndikukulitsa koyenera kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula.

Zida Zosintha hayidiroliki

Nyamulani hayidiroliki (bulldozer)

Amakhala ndi mtanda wopingasa ndi mzati wokwera kumapeto kwake ndi kuthekera kosinthasintha, komwe cholembera champhamvu chimatha kuyenda. Chipangizocho chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosadalira matebulo osanjikiza kuti chiwonongeko chaching'ono mpaka chapakati cha thupi, zomwe sizitengera mphamvu yayitali kwambiri. Thupi liyenera kutetezedwa pamalingaliro omwe wopanga amapanga ndi zomata za chassis ndi mapaipi othandizira pa mtanda wopingasa.

Zowonjezera ma hayidiroliki (ma bulldozers) amitundu yosiyanasiyana;

Tawulo lolunjika ndi chida chowongolera ma hydraulic

Mpando wowongoka umakhala ndi chimango cholimba chomwe chimagwira mphamvu zowongoka. Magalimoto amamangiriridwa ndi iyo m'munsi mwake mwa mtengo wa sill pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira (zomangira). Chipangizocho chimakhazikika mosavuta kulikonse patebulopo.

Tawulo lolunjika ndi chida chowongolera ma hydraulic

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa thupi kumatha kukonzedwanso ndi mabenchi olinganiza. Kukonza motere kumakhala kosavuta kutengera kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito hayidiroliki, popeza kusintha kwa thupi kumatha kuchitika molunjika motsutsana ndi kupindika koyamba kwa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic level kutengera vekitala. Mawuwa amatha kumveka ngati zida zowongolera zomwe zimatha kutambasula kapena kupondereza gawo lopunduka lanyama mbali iliyonse yazomwe zilipo.

Kusintha kolowera kwa mphamvu yakubwezeretsanso

Ngati, chifukwa cha ngozi, kuwonjezera pakupindika kwa thupi, kusokonekera kumapezekanso m'mbali mwake, thupi liyenera kubwezedwa ndi chida chowongola chogwiritsa ntchito chowongolera. Mphamvu yamphamvuyo kenako imagwira ntchito molunjika motsutsana ndi mphamvu yoyeserera yoyamba.

Kusintha kolowera kwa mphamvu yakubwezeretsanso

Malangizo pakukonza thupi (kuwongola)

• kuwongola thupi kuyenera kuchitidwa ziwalo zosasinthika za thupi zikalekanitsidwa,
• ngati kuwongola kotheka, kumachitika kozizira,
• ngati kujambula kozizira sikutheka popanda chiwopsezo chazinthuzo, gawo lopunduka limatha kutenthedwa m'dera lalikulu pogwiritsa ntchito chowotchera choyenera; Komabe, kutentha kwa zinthuzo sikuyenera kupitirira 700 ° (mdima wofiira) chifukwa cha kusintha kwamapangidwe,
• mukamaliza kuvala ndikofunikira kuti muwone momwe malo akuyesera,
• kuti akwaniritse miyezo yolondola ya thupi popanda kumangika, kapangidwe kake kuyenera kutambasulidwa pang'ono kuposa kukula kofunikira kuti kukhathamira,
• mbali zonyamula katundu zomwe zaphwanyika kapena zosweka ziyenera kusinthidwa chifukwa chachitetezo,
• kukoka maunyolo kuyenera kutetezedwa ndi chingwe.

Kukonza njinga yamoto

Chithunzi 3.31, Onani malo okwerera njinga zamoto

Nkhaniyi imafotokoza mwachidule za chimango, kuwonongeka kwa matenda, komanso njira zamakono zokonzera mafelemu ndi magulu othandizira magalimoto amsewu. Izi zimapatsa eni magalimoto owonongeka kuthekanso kuwagwiritsanso ntchito osasinthanso ena, zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kukonza mafelemu owonongeka ndi zida zapamwamba sizimangopindulitsa pachuma komanso zachilengedwe.