Maiko Khumi Otsogola 10 Opanga Thonje ku India
Zamkatimu
Pankhani yopanga thonje, India imatsogolera dziko lonse lapansi. Thonje amaonedwa kuti ndiye mbewu yayikulu kwambiri ku India komanso wothandiza kwambiri pazachuma cha dziko. Kulima thonje ku India kumawononga pafupifupi 6% ya madzi onse omwe amapezeka m'dzikoli komanso pafupifupi 44.5% ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo. India imapanga zida zopangira thonje zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imalandira ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku thonje chaka chilichonse.
Kupanga thonje kumadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga nthaka, kutentha, nyengo, ndalama zogwirira ntchito, feteleza, madzi okwanira kapena mvula. Pali mayiko ambiri ku India omwe amapanga thonje wambiri chaka chilichonse, koma mphamvu zake zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mayiko. Nawu mndandanda wa mayiko 10 apamwamba omwe amapanga thonje ku India mu 2022 omwe angakupatseni chidziwitso chomveka bwino cha momwe dziko lonse limapangira thonje.
10. Gujrat
Chaka chilichonse, Gujarat imapanga pafupifupi mabolo 95 a thonje, omwe ndi pafupifupi 30% ya thonje yonse yomwe imapangidwa mdziko muno. Gujarat ndi malo abwino kulima thonje. Kaya ndi kutentha, nthaka, kupezeka kwa madzi ndi feteleza, kapena ndalama zogwirira ntchito, zonse zimayenda mokomera ulimi wothirira thonje. Ku Gujarat, malo okwana mahekitala 30 amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thonje, chomwe chilidi chofunikira kwambiri. Gujarat imadziwika bwino chifukwa chamakampani opanga nsalu ndipo ndi kudzera m'bomali pomwe ndalama zambiri za dzikolo zimapangidwa. Pali makampani ambiri opanga nsalu m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga Ahmedabad ndi Surat, pomwe Arvind Mills, Raymond, Reliance Textiles ndi Shahlon ndi omwe ali otchuka kwambiri.
9. Maharashtra
Pankhani ya kupanga thonje ku India, Maharashtra ndi wachiwiri kwa Gujarat. Mosakayikira, boma lili ndi makampani ambiri akuluakulu opanga nsalu monga Wardhman Textiles, Alok Industries, Welspun India ndi Bombay Dyeing. Maharashtra amapanga thonje pafupifupi 89 lakh chaka chilichonse. Popeza Maharashtra ndi yayikulu m'derali kuposa Gujrat; malo omwe alipo olima thonje nawonso ndiambiri ku Maharashtra, okwana pafupifupi mahekitala 41 lakh. Madera akuluakulu omwe amathandizira kwambiri kupanga thonje m'boma ndi Amravati, Wardha, Vidarbha, Marathwada, Akola, Khandesh ndi Yavatmal.
8. Andhra Pradesh ndi Telangana Ophatikizidwa
Mu 2014, Telangana adapatulidwa ndi Andhra Pradesh ndipo adapatsidwa ulemu wosiyana ndi boma kuti akonzenso chilankhulo. Ngati tiphatikiza maiko awiriwa ndikuganizira zomwe zidachitika mpaka chaka cha 2014, bizinesi yophatikizidwa imapanga pafupifupi matani 6641 a thonje pachaka. Kuyang'ana deta payekha, Telangana amatha kupanga pafupifupi 48-50 lakh mabale a thonje ndipo Andhra Pradesh amatha kupanga pafupifupi 19-20 lakh mabale. Telangana yekha ndi wachitatu pakati pa mayiko 3 apamwamba kwambiri omwe amapanga thonje ku India, omwe kale anali a Andhra Pradesh. Popeza kuti Telangana ndi dziko lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kumene, boma la boma likuyambitsa nthawi zonse ukadaulo watsopano ndikubweretsa makina amakono pamalopo kuti afulumizitse kupanga ndikuthandizira kwambiri chuma chaboma ndi thonje.
7. Karnataka
Karnataka imakhala pa nambala 4 ndi thonje 21 lakh chaka chilichonse. Madera akuluakulu a Karnataka omwe amapanga thonje wambiri ndi Raichur, Bellary, Dharwad ndi Gulbarga. Karnataka imapanga 7% ya thonje lonse lomwe limapanga mdziko muno. Malo abwino, pafupifupi mahekitala 7.5, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima thonje m'boma. Zinthu monga nyengo ndi madzi zimathandiziranso kupanga thonje ku Karnataka.
6. Haryana
Haryana ili pamalo achisanu pakupanga thonje. Amatulutsa thonje pafupifupi 5-20 lakh pa chaka. Madera akuluakulu omwe amathandizira kupanga thonje ku Haryana ndi Sirsa, Hisar ndi Fatehabad. Haryana imapanga 21% ya thonje yomwe imapangidwa ku India. Ulimi ndi amodzi mwa madera omwe madera ngati Haryana ndi Punjab amayang'ana kwambiri ndipo maderawa amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambira komanso feteleza kuti awonjezere kupanga ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Malo opitilira mahekitala 6 amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Haryana kulima thonje.
5. Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh amapikisananso kwambiri ndi mayiko ngati Haryana ndi Punjab pankhani yopanga thonje. Mabele a thonje okwana 21 lakh amapangidwa chaka chilichonse ku Madhya Pradesh. Bhopal, Shajapur, Nimar, Ratlam ndi madera ena ndi malo opangira thonje ku Madhya Pradesh. Malo opitilira mahekitala 5 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima thonje ku Madhya Pradesh. Makampani a thonje amabweretsanso ntchito zambiri m'boma. Madhya Pradesh imapanga pafupifupi 4-4-5% ya thonje lonse lopangidwa ku India.
4. Rajasthan
Rajasthan ndi Punjab amapereka pafupifupi thonje la thonje ku India. Rajasthan imapanga pafupifupi 17-18 lakh mabale a thonje ndipo Confederation of Indian Textile Industry ikugwiranso ntchito m'madera ambiri a Rajasthan kuti apititse patsogolo ulimi ndi kuyambitsa ulimi wamakono. Malo opitilira mahekitala 4 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima thonje ku Rajasthan. Madera akuluakulu omwe amalima thonje m'boma ndi Ganganagar, Ajmer, Jalawar, Hanumangarh ndi Bhilwara.
3. Punjab
Punjab imapanganso thonje wambiri wofanana ndi Rajasthan. Chaka chilichonse, kupanga thonje ku Punjab kumakhala pafupifupi 9-10 mabale. Dziko la Punjab limadziwika ndi thonje lapamwamba kwambiri komanso nthaka yachonde, madzi okwanira komanso kuthirira kokwanira kumatsimikizira izi. Madera akuluakulu a Punjab omwe amadziwika ndi kupanga thonje ndi Ludhiana, Bhatinda, Moga, Mansa ndi Farikot. Ludhiana ndiwotchuka kumakampani opanga nsalu zapamwamba komanso makampani aluso opangira nsalu.
2. Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu ili pa nambala 9 pamndandandawu. Nyengo ndi mtundu wa dothi ku Tamil Nadu sizowoneka bwino, koma poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena aku India omwe sanaphatikizidwe pamndandandawu, Tamil Nadu imatulutsa thonje labwino kwambiri, ngakhale nyengo ndi nyengo komanso zinthu zina. Boma limapanga pafupifupi 5-6 zikwi zikwi thonje pachaka.
1. Orissa
Orissa amapanga thonje yochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena omwe tawatchula pamwambapa. Amatulutsa thonje yokwana 3 miliyoni chaka chilichonse. Subernpur ndiye dera lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limapanga thonje ku Orissa.
Chaka cha 1970 chisanafike, ulimi wa thonje ku India unali wochepa chifukwa unkadalira katundu wochokera kunja kuchokera kumadera akunja. Pambuyo pa 1970, matekinoloje ambiri opangira zida adayambitsidwa mdziko muno, ndipo mapologalamu angapo odziwitsa alimi adachitika omwe cholinga chake chinali kupanga thonje m'dziko lomwelo.
M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, thonje lopangidwa ku India linafika pachimake choposa n’kale lonse, ndipo dzikolo linakhala m’malo ambiri ogulitsa thonje padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa zaka zambiri, boma la India lachitanso zinthu zambiri zolimbikitsa pa nkhani ya ulimi wothirira. Posachedwapa, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kupanga thonje ndi zipangizo zina zambiri zikuyembekezeredwa, chifukwa matekinoloje a ulimi wothirira ndi njira zomwe zilipo pakali pano ndizokwera kumwamba.
