Utumiki wotchipa? Onani momwe mungasungire

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zokonzera galimoto, madalaivala akuyang'ana njira zotsika mtengo zosungira galimoto yawo kuti ikhale yoyenerera mwaukadaulo. Simungathe kukwera pachitetezo, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa ndikuyendetsa galimoto yogwira ntchito komanso yotetezeka.

Tchuthi pasanathe mwezi umodzi ndiye kuitana komaliza kuti musamalire galimoto yanu ndikuchita pamtengo wokwanira. Kusunga galimoto mumkhalidwe wabwino waukadaulo kukukulirakulira. Malinga ndi MotoFocus.pl, zaka zitatu zapitazo, dalaivala wamba wa ku Poland ankathera PLN 1354 pachaka pa kukonza ndi kukonza galimoto. Masiku ano - oposa 1600 zł. Poganizira kukwera kofanana kwamitengo yamafuta ndi inshuwaransi, ndikofunikira kuchita chilichonse kuti muchepetse mtengowu momwe mungathere. "Ganizirani m'malo mosiya izi, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka mwachangu kwaukadaulo wagalimoto komanso kuchepa kwa chitetezo chake, ndipo m'kupita kwanthawi - kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mtengo wochotsa zolakwika zomwe zingayambitsidwe ndi kusasamala,” akutsindika motero Purezidenti Alfred Franke. Mgwirizano wa ogulitsa ndi opanga zida zamagalimoto.

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Zodziwikiratu kufala - kwambiri pafupipafupi kuwonongeka

Samalirani brake fluid m'galimoto yanu

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa ku France GIPA, 45% ya maulendo opita ku zokambirana za ku Ulaya ndi ntchito zodzitetezera komanso kufufuza kwaumisiri. Ku Poland, ambiri akukonzanso. - Sitikungoyembekezera kuoneka kwa vuto, koma nthawi zambiri timanyalanyaza zizindikiro zoyamba za kuwonongeka pamene galimoto ikuyenda. Pokhapokha pamene chinachake chaphulika, mbali ina imagwa ndipo galimotoyo ikulephera kupita patsogolo - tikuyang'ana malo okonzera. Poyerekeza ndi maiko otukuka kwambiri amagalimoto, tidakali ndi zambiri zoti tipeze pofufuza pafupipafupi zoyeserera zodzitetezera," akutero Witold Rogowski, katswiri wa Automotive for All Forum.

Kuwongolera ndalama zokonzetsera magalimoto sikungakhale kunyalanyazidwa komwe kumachepetsa chitetezo chagalimoto nthawi zonse, koma kuyenera kuphatikizira kusankha malo ogulitsira odziyimira pawokha omwe ali okonzekera kukonza magalimoto monga ntchito zovomerezeka, koma zotsika mtengo kuposa iwo. - Misonkhano yodziyimira pawokha imapereka osati magawo olembedwa ndi logo ya wopanga wawo weniweni (monga Bosch kapena Valeo), omwe amapereka magawo ofanana kumakampani amagalimoto "pamsonkhano woyamba", komanso "magawo wofananira”, kukwaniritsa miyezo yonse yaku Europe. Zigawo zamagulu onsewa ndizotsika mtengo kuposa zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi logo ya opanga magalimoto, akutsimikizira Alfred Franke, pulezidenti wa Association of Automotive Parts Distributors and Manufacturers. Ku Poland, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa MotoFocus.pl, pafupifupi 90% ya madalaivala amagwiritsa ntchito mautumiki a magalimoto odziimira okha, ndipo 10% okha amagwiritsa ntchito ovomerezeka. Izi zikufanana ndi chiŵerengero cha magalimoto atsopano (osakwana zaka 5) ndi magalimoto akale. Pakadali pano, eni ake ngakhale magalimoto omwe ali ndi chitsimikiziro cha wopanga amatha kuyang'anira ndikukonzanso zoyeserera zodziyimira pawokha, ufulu womwe umatsatiridwa ndi malamulo aku Europe monga malangizo amakampani, omwe amadziwika kuti "GVO". Mfundo yakuti ndizopindulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto odziyimira pawokha zimatsimikiziridwa ndi deta ina - ngakhale dalaivala aliyense wa khumi amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zovomerezeka, gawo la msika la mautumikiwa ndi pafupifupi 50%. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ASO ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa magalasi odziyimira pawokha.

Ndikoyenera kutchula deta ina: m'zaka zapitazi za 7, gawo la ndalama zogwirira ntchito pamtengo wokonzanso likukulirakulira. Mu 2004, ntchito inali 40% ya mtengo wokonzanso, lero ili kale 53%. Mtengo wa ola la munthu mumsonkhano wodziyimira pawokha nthawi zambiri umakhala theka la ntchito yovomerezeka, kotero tikamagwiritsa ntchito ntchito zodziyimira pawokha timalipira zochepa kwambiri.

Kumbali inayi, kuchedwetsa kuyendera, komanso kukonzanso, sikupulumutsa. "Zili ngati thanzi: kupewa ndikwabwino kuposa kuchiza. Mtengo wa kuyezetsa pafupipafupi ndi njira zodzitetezera nthawi zonse zimakhala zotsika kuposa chithandizo cha akatswiri. Kubwerezako kutha kuchitika kwaulere pa nthawi ya ntchito ina. Zachidziwikire, pazinthu zomwe zatha, ndipo m'malo mwake muyenera kulipira. Komabe, ngati galimotoyo ili yoyima, ikhoza Zikuoneka kuti muyenera kulipira mtengo kukoka kwa utumiki. Kuonjezera apo, kuwonongeka kwakukulu, ngati kunyalanyazidwa kwathunthu, kumakhala ndi zotsatira zake - ndipo kudzafunikanso kukonzedwa. Kupsinjika maganizo, kuwononga ndalama komanso kuwononga nthawi, akuchenjeza Vitold Rogovsky, katswiri pa forum ya Automotive for All.

Kodi ndi liti pamene galimoto imafunika chisamaliro chathu kwambiri? Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi MotoFocus.pl akuwonetsa kuti 43% ya ma workshops adalemba chiwongola dzanja chambiri mgawo lachiwiri la chaka. Izi ndi zachibadwa, chifukwa nthawiyi imakhala ndi mapeto a nthawi yovuta kwambiri yoyendetsa galimoto - nyengo yozizira, ndi chiyambi cha kukonzekera maulendo a dziko lachilimwe. Anafunsidwa mautumiki amasonyeza kuti panthawiyi kukonzanso kawirikawiri ndi kuyimitsidwa, mabuleki ndi kusintha kwa muffler.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kukhala pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe muyenera kuziwona musanapite kutchuthi? Malinga ndi Vitold Rogovsky, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwunika mozama (koma mpaka maola a 2) ndikuwongolera kusewera mumayendedwe owongolera ndi kuyimitsidwa, komanso momwe zinthu zimasinthira, zolumikizira zachitsulo-mphira. Mkhalidwe wa ma discs ndi linings, komanso zophimba za rabara za magawo osuntha a dongosolo, ziyenera kufufuzidwa mu dongosolo la brake. Mchenga ukalowa mmenemo, zomangira kapena masilinda atha kusinthidwa posachedwa. - Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana malo otentha amadzimadzi a brake - pambuyo pa nthawi yonyowa ya autumn-yozizira, imatha kutsika kwambiri. Ndi kutsika kwautali, mwachitsanzo, m'mapiri, imatha kuwira ndipo, chifukwa chake, imataya mphamvu, - akukumbukira Witold Rogovsky, katswiri pa forum ya Automotive for All. Izi sizingochepetsa chitetezo, komanso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha dzimbiri ma silinda ndi pistoni mu dera ananyema, kutsekereza ndi imathandizira kukonza.

Yang'anani injini ndi kufalikira kwa kutayikira mu makina ozizira kapena mafuta. Muyeneranso kusamalira kuyatsa koyenera komanso - kuti mutonthozedwe ndi thanzi lanu - mkhalidwe wa chowongolera mpweya. - Madalaivala ena amazimitsa kwathunthu m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo izi ndi zolakwika - nthawi zina muyenera kuyatsa. Machitidwe amakono ali ndi chitetezo kuti asayambike ndi kuwonongeka kwa compressor pakatuluka firiji, koma sikuti kungowonjezera. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuyang'ana kutayikira, ndiyeno pokhapo m'malo mwa firiji. Pofuna kuyendetsa bwino komanso thanzi, ma ducts olowera mpweya ayenera kutsukidwa ndikutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zima ndi nthawi yabwino kuti chinyezi chiwunjike, chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa bowa ndi mabakiteriya, akutero Witold Rogowski, katswiri pa forum ya Automotive for All.

Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana momwe ma shock absorbers alili. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kutha ndikugogoda. Sewero loyimitsidwa poyamba limangopereka malingaliro osasangalatsa a kutayika kwa chiwongolero chowongolera. Komabe, chodabwitsa ichi chikhoza kunyalanyazidwa pokhapokha: ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto, dalaivala akufuna kupita mofulumira, ndiyeno zomwe zimangopangitsa kuti zikhale zosasangalatsa zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowopsya, chifukwa mumkhalidwe wovuta galimotoyo idzachita. mosayembekezereka. Sewerani mu chiwongolero kapena kuyimitsidwa kudzakhalanso ndi zotsatira zofanana.

Kutayika kwa mphamvu ya damper ndizochitika zomwe kufunikira kwake sikungatheke. Zimakhudza osati mlingo wa chitetezo, komanso chikhalidwe cha zigawo zina zambiri za galimoto. Kutalika kwa braking kwa galimoto yoyenda pa liwiro la 80 km / h yokhala ndi zotsekemera zosagwira ntchito kumawonjezeka ndi osachepera 2-3 metres. Kuchuluka kwa kufalikira koyipitsitsa, m'pamenenso msewu udzakhala wautali. Zowonongeka zowonongeka zimasokoneza ABS (zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mtunda wa braking) ndi ESP (yomwe, panthawi yovuta, ikhoza kutanthauzira molakwika zizindikiro kuchokera ku masensa). Pamene zotsekemera zotsekemera zimavala ndi 50%, liwiro la arc lotetezeka likhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi 10%, komanso kuthamanga komwe aquaplaning (kuthamanga pamadzi ochepa kwambiri) akhoza kuchitika.

Ndiiko komwe, zinthu zochititsa mantha zomwe zataya mphamvu zawo zowonongeka zimasintha khalidwe la galimoto m'njira yoti isakhale yovuta kutembenuza chiwongolero. Kuonjezera apo, m'galimoto yolakwika, dalaivala amatopa mofulumira ndipo, chifukwa chake, nthawi yake imawonjezeka ndi kotala.

Kuonjezera apo, kusauka kwa zowonongeka kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zowonjezera zowonjezera pazigawo zina ndipo zimayambitsa ndalama zowonjezera. Akasupe oyimitsidwa, kuyimitsidwa kwa mphira, zolumikizira mpira, ngakhale zida zowongolera kapena zosiyanitsa zimanyamulidwa kwambiri. Zimayambitsanso kuwonongeka kwa matayala. Modziwa kapena mosazindikira (ngati tinyalanyaza kuyang'anira) kukulitsa moyo wa osagwira ntchito kugwedezeka kumapangitsa kuti kukonzanso sikungowonjezera m'malo mwa zida izi.

Mu ma brake system, ma brake calipers mu maupangiri kapena odzisintha okha a ma brake pads nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya braking. Chotsatira china ndi chosagwirizana, chofulumira kuvala kwa zomangira zomangira komanso kufunikira kozisintha mwachangu. Kuyeretsa zinthu izi poyang'anira kumapewa zosafunikira, zokwera mtengo.

Dongosolo la utsi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwonongeka, makamaka kuchokera ku dzimbiri. Pamapeto pake, mzere wa mabokosi a muffler kapena mapaipi omwe amawagwirizanitsa amasweka. Kugwedezeka pa zolakwika kumathandizira kukhumudwa kwa cholumikizira chosinthika. Zotsatira zake sizongomveka phokoso losasangalatsa lomwe limalowa mkati mwa galimotoyo, komanso kutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya pamalo omwe galimotoyo siinapangidwe. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti alowe mu salon. Ngati dzimbiri kapena kuwonongeka kwina kumachitika pambuyo pa dongosololi, kuphatikiza chosinthira chothandizira, izi zitha kuchititsa kuti kafukufuku wa lambda asokonezeke komanso zotsatirapo zina, kuphatikiza kuwonongeka kwa chosinthira chothandizira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Ngakhale zovuta zosavuta komanso zooneka ngati zazing'ono, monga kupuma kwa ma hanger osinthika a dongosolo lotayirira, kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa: kungayambitse kulephera kwa zigawo za dongosolo logwiritsira ntchito komanso kufunikira kowasintha, zomwe zikutanthauza ndalama zosafunikira.

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Nthawi yoperekera mpweya

Voterani makaniko anu

Ma wiper a Windshield ali kumapeto kwa mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimafunikira kuunika. Ndibwino kuti m'malo iwo osachepera kamodzi miyezi sikisi iliyonse. M’zochita, pakatha chaka, nthengazo zimatha kwambiri moti zikamagwa mvula zimasiya madontho pagalasi. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ma wipers, omwe maburashi awo a rabara amaumitsa pakapita nthawi, amatha kuyambitsa zipsera zazing'ono pagalasi. Zitha kuyambitsa kutopa poyendetsa galimoto usiku. Kuchotsa kwawo ndi kupukuta magalasi ndi ndalama zina, osati zothandiza nthawi zonse.

"Mtengo wa kuwunika kwaukadaulo sayenera kuphatikiza mtengo wautumiki womwewo," akutero Vitold Rogovsky, katswiri pa forum ya Automotive for All. - Masamba amaloledwa ndi chithandizo cha media ndikuwunika kwaulere. Komabe, si za mtengo wawo. Galimoto iliyonse ili ndi vuto. Mtengo wochotsa ndi malo amodzi omwe padzakhala kusiyana kwenikweni kwamitengo. Ntchito yodziyimira pawokha imathanso kuyang'ana kwaulere. Komabe, mtengo wa magawo omwe akufunika kusinthidwa ukhoza kutsika nthawi 2.