Knock sensor ZMZ 406

Madalaivala odziwa bwino amakumbukira bwino momwe Zhiguli adaphulitsira mafuta amafuta oyipa kapena otsika. Kugunda kwa injini kumachitika pamene injini yasiya. Kwa kanthawi kuyatsa kukazimitsidwa, kumapitilira kuzungulira mosagwirizana, "kugwedeza".

Mukamayendetsa mafuta otsika kwambiri, monga momwe madalaivala amanenera, amatha "kugogoda zala". Ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha zotsatira za detonation. M'malo mwake, izi zili kutali ndi zotsatira zopanda vuto. Zikawunikiridwa, ma pistoni, ma valve, mutu wa silinda ndi injini yonse zimachitika mochulukirachulukira. M'magalimoto amakono, masensa ogogoda (DD) amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina owongolera kuti apewe kugogoda kwa injini).

Kodi detonation ndi chiyani

Kugogoda kwa injini ndi njira yodziwotchera wosakaniza wa petulo ndi mpweya popanda kutenga nawo mbali poyatsira moto.

Theoretically, ngati kuthamanga mu yamphamvu kuposa pazipita kololeka mtengo osakaniza ndi petulo nambala inayake octane, kudziyaka moto kumachitika. Kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha octane cha petulo, m'munsimu chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana kumeneku.

Injini ikaphulitsidwa, njira yoyatsira moto imakhala yosokoneza, palibe gwero limodzi loyatsira:

Ngati tipanga kudalira kwamphamvu mu silinda pa ngodya yoyatsira, ndiye kuti izi zikuwoneka motere:

Grafu ikuwonetsa kuti pakuphulika, kupanikizika kwakukulu mu silinda kumakhala pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kupanikizika kwambiri pakuyaka kwanthawi zonse. Katundu woterowo angayambitse injini kulephera, ngakhale koopsa ngati chipika chosweka.

Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa detonation effect:

• nambala ya octane yolakwika ya mafuta odzaza;
• mawonekedwe a injini yoyaka mkati (compression ratio, pisitoni mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe achipinda choyaka, etc.) amathandizira kuti izi zitheke);
• Makhalidwe a magwiridwe antchito amagetsi (kutentha kwa mpweya wozungulira, mtundu wa petulo, mawonekedwe a makandulo, katundu, etc.).

Kusankhidwa

Cholinga chachikulu cha sensa yogogoda ndikuzindikira zomwe zimachitika munthawi yake ndikutumiza zidziwitso kugawo loyang'anira injini yamagetsi kuti musinthe mtundu wa kusakaniza kwa petulo-mpweya ndi mbali yoyatsira kuti mupewe kugogoda koopsa kwa injini.

Kulembetsa chowonadi cha izi kumachitika mwa kutembenuza kugwedezeka kwamakina kwa injini kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi.

Momwe ntchito

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi masensa onse ogogoda amatengera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya piezoelectric. Mphamvu ya piezoelectric ndikutha kwa zida zina kupanga kusiyana komwe kungathe kuchitika pansi pa kupsinjika kwamakina.

Amuna ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zoyatsira za piezoelectric ndipo amadziwa kuti amapanga mphamvu yamagetsi. Ma voliyumu apamwambawa sachitika pa masensa ogogoda, koma chizindikiro chomwe chidalandilidwa pankhaniyi ndi chokwanira pagawo lowongolera injini.

Mitundu iwiri ya masensa ogogoda amagwiritsidwa ntchito: resonant ndi broadband.

Broadband DD chiwembu chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa VAZ ndi magalimoto ena opangidwa kunja:

Masensa a Broadband amayikidwa pa cylinder block pafupi kwambiri ndi malo oyatsira moto. Thandizoli liri ndi khalidwe lolimba kuti lisachepetse zikhumbo zowopsya ngati injini yoyaka mkati yawonongeka.

Piezoceramic sensing element imapanga mphamvu yamagetsi ya matalikidwe okwanira kuti ikonzedwe ndi gawo lowongolera injini pafupipafupi.

Masensa a Broadband amapanga chizindikiro, pamene kuyatsa kwazimitsidwa ndi injini kuyimitsidwa pa liwiro lotsika, komanso pa liwiro lalikulu pamene mukuyendetsa.

Magalimoto ena, monga Toyota, amagwiritsa ntchito masensa omveka:

Ma DD oterowo amagwira ntchito pa liwiro lotsika la injini, pomwe, chifukwa cha kumveka kwa resonance, mphamvu yayikulu yamakina pa mbale ya piezoelectric imatheka, motero, chizindikiro chachikulu chimapangidwa. Sizodabwitsa kuti shunt resistor imayikidwa pa masensa awa.

Ubwino wa masensa a resonant ndikusefa kwamakina akamayendetsa m'misewu yoyipa, kugwedezeka kwamakina komwe sikumalumikizidwa ndi kuphulika kwa injini.

Mtundu wa resonant wa DD umayikidwa pamalumikizidwe awo omwe ali ndi ulusi, amafanana ndi masensa amagetsi amafuta.

Zizindikiro Zowonongeka za Sensor Knock

Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chikuwonetsa kusagwira ntchito kwa sensa yogogoda ndikuwonetsetsa kwachindunji kwa injini yosokonekera yomwe tafotokozazi.

Nthawi zambiri, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamakina kwa sensa, makamaka panthawi yomwe ikukhudzidwa pa ngozi, kapena kulowa kwa chinyezi mu cholumikizira kapena kung'ambika m'chigawo cha sensor ya piezoelectric.

Ngati DD iyamba kuwonongeka mwamakina, panthawi yosuntha, mtengo wamagetsi pazitsulo zake ukhoza kusintha kwambiri. Chigawo chowongolera injini chidzayankha kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu monga kuphulika kotheka.

Ndi kusintha modzidzimutsa kwa ngodya yoyatsira, injini imayamba kuyenda, liwiro limayandama. Zomwezo zimatha kuchitika ngati kukwera kwa sensor kumakhala kotayirira.

Momwe mungayang'anire sensor yogogoda

Kuzindikira kwamakompyuta sikumakonza vuto la kugogoda kwa sensor. Kuzindikira kwa injini nthawi zambiri kumachitika poyima pamalo operekera chithandizo, ndipo kugogoda kumawonekera kwambiri pamene galimoto ikuyenda ndi katundu wochuluka (mu gear yapamwamba) kapena panthawi yomwe kuyatsa kumazimitsidwa, pamene kufufuza makompyuta sikutheka.

Popanda kuchotsa mgalimoto

Pali njira yodziwira sensor yogogoda popanda kuichotsa pamalo ake mwachizolowezi. Kuti muchite izi, yambani ndikuwotcha injini, ndiyeno osagwira ntchito kugunda chinthu chaching'ono chachitsulo pa bawuti yoyika kachipangizo. Ngati pali kusintha kwa liwiro la injini (kusintha kwa liwiro), ndiye kuti DD imagwira ntchito.

Multimeter

Njira yodalirika yowonera magwiridwe antchito ndikuchotsa sensa, kulumikiza cholumikizira, kulumikiza ma multimeter ku ma terminals ake muyeso yoyezera voteji ya 2 volts.

Ndiye muyenera kumumenya ndi chinthu chachitsulo. Kuwerengera kwa ma multimeter kuyenera kuchulukirachulukira kuchokera ku 0 mpaka makumi angapo a millivolts (ndi bwino kuyang'ana kugunda kwamphamvu kuchokera m'buku lofotokozera). Mulimonsemo, ngati voteji ikukwera ikakhudza, sensor imakhala yosasweka.

Ndi bwino kulumikiza oscilloscope m'malo multimeter, ndiye inu mukhoza kudziwa molondola ngakhale mawonekedwe a linanena bungwe chizindikiro. Mayesowa amachitidwa bwino pamalo operekera chithandizo.

m'malo

Pakachitika kuti pali kukayikira kwa kusagwira ntchito kwa sensor yogogoda, iyenera kusinthidwa. Nthawi zambiri, salephera ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri amaposa gwero la injini. Nthaŵi zambiri, kusokonezeka kumapangidwa chifukwa cha ngozi kapena kutha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi panthawi yokonzanso kwambiri.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito masensa ogogoda ndi ofanana pamtundu uliwonse (resonant ndi broadband). Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chamitundu ina ya injini ngati palibe mbadwa. Inde, ngati ikugwirizana ndi deta yolowera ndi cholumikizira. Zimaloledwa kukhazikitsa DD yomwe inali ikugwira ntchito kuchokera kwa omwe alibe zida.

Malangizo

Madalaivala ena amaiwala za DD, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakumbukira kukhalapo kwake, ndipo mavuto ake samayambitsa zotsatira monga ngati vuto linalake, mwachitsanzo, sensa ya crankshaft.

Komabe, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chipangizo ichi kungakhale mavuto aakulu ndi injini. Chifukwa chake, mukamayendetsa galimoto, onetsetsani kuti sensor yogogoda:

• anali wotetezedwa bwino;
• panalibe madzi amafuta pathupi lake;
• Panalibe zizindikiro za dzimbiri pa cholumikizira.

Momwe mungayang'anire DTOZH ndi multimeter ndi ma nuances omwe ndi bwino kudziwa.

Kanema: ali kuti kachipangizo ZAZ Lanos, Chance, Chery ndi momwe mungayang'anire ndi multimeter, komanso popanda kuchotsa m'galimoto:

Zingakhale zosangalatsa:

Ndikuwopa kuti ngozi itachitika, si onse omwe adzakumbukire sensa iyi, padzakhala mavuto ena ambiri. Koma sindimadziwa zamafuta omwe angawononge, ndiyenera kuwona momwe amamvera mgalimoto yanga. Palibe zizindikiro zowonongeka pano, injini ikuyenda bwino, koma ndani akudziwa. Ponena za kuphulika ku Zhiguli, zinkawonekera pa magalimoto onse akale nthawi ndi nthawi, chinthu chowopsya, ndikukuuzani, ngati sanayendetse injini zakale za carburetor. Galimotoyo yayamba kale kugubuduka ndi kunjenjemera, mwaona, tsopano chinachake chigwa.

Ndinalinso ndi vuto ndi sensa iyi. Mphamvu sizili zofanana, kuchuluka kwakumwa pang'ono. Pamapeto pake, pamene kunapezeka kuti zinthu zinali zolakwika ndi sensa iyi, sizikanatheka kungosintha izo, chifukwa 1 pa 10 masensa amenewa amagwira ntchito pa VAZ. Ndiye kuti, muyenera kupita kukagula ndi tester ndikuyang'ana sensor yatsopano iliyonse

Kunena zowona, sindinamvepo za sensor iyi ikulephera pamagalimoto amakono. Mu FF2 kwa zaka 9 sanachotsedwepo. Ndikudziwa ndendende chomwe chiri (panali asanu kumapeto kwa 90s). Kawirikawiri, kuyendetsa ndi mafuta otchulidwawo ndipo musayang'ane ndalama, zidzakhala zodula kwambiri.

Kuchokera pa zomwe ndakumana nazo poyendetsa galimoto, ndikudziwa motsimikiza kuti kachipangizo kogogoda kagalimoto sikalephera. M'moyo wanga ndinayenera kugwiritsa ntchito, kwa nthawi yaitali, magalimoto apakhomo monga: Moskvich-2141, ndi injini ya Zhiguli yamawilo sikisi (pafupifupi zaka 7); Zhiguli -2107 (zaka 7); Lada khumi (pafupifupi zaka 6), okwana pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri zinachitikira ntchito magalimoto awa, kuthamanga kachipangizo sanalephere. Koma kuphulika kwa injini za galimotozi kunayenera kuwonedwa kangapo. Makamaka m'zaka za m'ma nineties, khalidwe la petulo limene linatsanuliridwa m'magalimoto pa malo opangira mafuta linali loipa kwambiri. Mafuta opangira mafuta 92 nthawi zambiri amadzazidwa ndi mafuta otsika kwambiri octane, osakhazikika, ndi kukhalapo kwa madzi kapena zakumwa zina. Pambuyo pa mafuta oterowo, zala za injini zinayamba kugwedezeka, ndipo ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu, zinkawoneka kuti zikufuna kudumpha kuchokera m'galimoto yothamanga.

Ngati mafuta ali ndi madzi, ndiye kuti injiniyo iyenera kuyetsemula kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zina, monga zimawonekera kwa madalaivala, kuti apulumutse pa kugula mafuta, mafuta otsika kwambiri kuposa omwe amaperekedwa ndi wopanga galimoto adatsanuliridwa mu thanki. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muzimitsa galimoto, muzimitsa moto, ndipo injiniyo ikupitirizabe kugwedezeka, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi ma pops mu muffler, ngati kuti mukuyatsa molakwika, ndiye kuti injiniyo iyenera kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yaitali. nthawi. Nthawi zina, monga zimawonekera kwa madalaivala, kuti apulumutse pa kugula mafuta, mafuta otsika kwambiri kuposa omwe amaperekedwa ndi wopanga galimoto adatsanuliridwa mu thanki. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muzimitsa galimoto, muzimitsa moto, ndipo injiniyo ikupitirizabe kugwedezeka, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi ma pops mu muffler, ngati kuti mukuyatsa molakwika, ndiye kuti injiniyo iyenera kugwedezeka kwa nthawi yaitali. nthawi. Nthawi zina, monga zimawonekera kwa madalaivala, kuti apulumutse pa kugula mafuta, mafuta otsika kwambiri kuposa omwe amaperekedwa ndi wopanga galimoto adatsanuliridwa mu thanki. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mumazimitsa galimoto, kuzimitsa moto, ndipo injini ikupitiriza kugwedezeka, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi ma pops mu muffler, ngati kuti mukuyatsa molakwika.

Inde, ndi zizindikiro zotere, injiniyo inawonongeka.

Ndinathamangira mu sensa yogogoda pamene sindinathe kutsika paloboti tsiku lina. Injiniyo inaphulika mochititsa mantha. Mwanjira ina ndinalowa mu utumiki. Adayang'ana chilichonse ndipo adasinthanso sensa, zotsatira zake ndizofanana. Ndiyeno ndinapeza kachipangizo kamene kamasanthula mafuta. Ndi pamene anyamata adandiwonetsa kuti m'malo mwa 95 ndilibe ngakhale 92, koma ndimakonda 80. Kotero musanayambe kuthana ndi sensa, yang'anani mpweya.

Kodi ndakhala ndikuyendetsa galimoto kwa zaka zingati kuyambira 1992? Aka kanali koyamba kumva za sensa iyi, mpaka kuchita manyazi. Anakwezedwa pansi pa hood, anapeza, kufufuzidwa, monga m'malo mwake. Sindinakhalepo ndi vuto ndi sensor.

Kuwona sensor yogogoda

Zimitsani choyatsira ndikuchotsa batire yoyipa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi "13", timamasula nati yomwe imateteza sensa ku khoma la cylinder block (kuti zimveke bwino, kuchuluka kwa kudya kumachotsedwa).

Kuchotsa kasupe wa kasupe pa chipika ndi screwdriver yopyapyala, chotsani chipika chawaya kuchokera ku sensa.

Timalumikiza voltmeter ku ma terminals a sensor ndipo, pogogoda pang'ono thupi la sensa ndi chinthu cholimba, timawona kusintha kwamagetsi.

Kusowa kwa ma pulses amagetsi kukuwonetsa kusagwira ntchito kwa sensor.

Ndizotheka kuyang'ana kwathunthu kachipangizo kamene kamasokonekera pokhapokha pa chithandizo chapadera chogwedeza

Ikani sensa mu dongosolo la m'mbuyo.