Yesani galimoto Citroën 11 CV, Citroën DS, Citroën CX: French avant-garde

Kukhala ndi kusiyana kwakutali! Kukumana ndi ziwiri zamakono komanso zamtsogolo zachi French

M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mtundu wa Citroën uli ndi malo apadera mdziko lamagalimoto chifukwa chaukadaulo waposachedwa komanso kapangidwe koyambirira. Lero tiwone mitundu itatu yachikale: 11 CV, DS ndi CX.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, alendo omwe amapita ku France adawona chithunzi chachilendo panjira: pakati pa zikuluzikulu za Citroën ID ndi mitundu ya DS yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a torpedo ndi posh Pininfarina woboola pakati Peugeot 404 wokhala ndi zipsepse zazing'ono kumbuyo. , magalimoto ambiri akuda kapena otuwa omwe adapangidwa asadachitike nkhondo amayenda.

Zikuwoneka kuti si Mfalansa aliyense amene akanatha kugula galimoto yatsopano yabanja. Osachepera, eni ambiri a Opel Rekord ndi Ford 17 M, omwe adabwera ndi ana ochokera ku Germany kudzachita tchuthi chawo ku France, amaganiza choncho. Komabe, adalakwitsa kwambiri chifukwa "zamagalimoto" achikale, achikale komanso owopsa pang'ono adadzazidwa ndiukadaulo wamakono ndipo adagulitsidwa ndi Citroën ngati magalimoto atsopano mpaka 1957. Ndipo lero adayambitsa Traction Avant mu 1934. m'mabaibulo 7, 11 ndi 15 CV ndi imodzi mwazitsanzo zofunidwa kwambiri.

Citroën 11 CV yokhala ndi zaka 23 zantchito

Ndi thupi lake lodziyimira palokha, loyendetsa bwino komanso loyenda kutsogolo kwa magudumu, malo ozungulira mphamvu yokoka komanso malo abwino opumira torsion, Traction Avant, monga momwe amatchulidwira, yakhalabe pakampani zaka 23. Pomwe kuyambiranso kunayambika mu 1946 patatha zaka zisanu zisanachitike pankhondo, CV ya 11 idasungabe mawonekedwe ake asadachitike nkhondo ndi zitseko zakumbuyo, radiator yayikulu yoyenda ndi zotsekera zazikulu zotseguka ndi nyali.

Kusintha kwakukulu kokhako kunabwera m'chilimwe cha 1952, pamene ma wipers adamangiriridwa pansi, ndipo chifukwa cha kukulitsa, malo akumbuyo adatsegulidwa kwa tayala yopuma kunja ndi katundu wambiri. Choncho, odziwa bwino amasiyanitsa "chitsanzo chokhala ndi gudumu" ndi "chitsanzo chokhala ndi mbiya." Yachiwiri ili kale ndi ife ndipo ikukonzekera kuyesa galimoto.

Woyendetsa ndi msana wabwino

Mu Traction Avant, dalaivala ndi wokwera kutsogolo amatengedwa kuti ndi mbali ya antchito, omwe ntchito yawo ndikuwatsogolera modekha amuna omwe akuyenda pampando wakumbuyo wakumbuyo. Chipinda chocheperako chakutsogolo ndi chowongolera chakutsogolo chokwera kutsogolo kwa dalaivala chimawoneka ngati chosakhazikika polimbana ndi zikhalidwe zapampando wakumbuyo. Kuphatikiza apo, cholumikizira chachilendo chotuluka pa dashboard chimapatsa dalaivala wa Traction Avant sitampu ya woyendetsa waluso - ngakhale bokosi la gearbox lothamanga atatu, lomwe lili kutsogolo, kuseri kwa grille, limasunthidwa mosavuta ndi lever iyi.

Komabe, makina owongolera mphamvu amafunikira mphamvu zambiri pamalopo ngati chiwongolero cha matani asanu a MAN Bundeswehr. Pamsewu, galimotoyo imayendetsa bwino, ndipo kuyimitsidwa kutonthoza kumayenera kutanthauzira "zokondweretsa". Phokoso lokwera kwambiri limapangitsa chinyengo cha liwiro la breakneck. Injini ya 1,9-cylinder 56-lita yokhala ndi 120 hp Amatha kuthamangira pafupifupi XNUMX km / h - omwe amafuna zambiri adayenera kudikirira DS yamphamvu kwambiri.

Citroën DS choyamba ndikuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic

Pamene Citroën inayambitsa DS 1955 monga wolowa m'malo wa Traction Avant mu 19, makasitomala ambiri amtunduwo adakumana ndi "zodabwitsa zam'tsogolo" pomwe Citroën adaganiza zosintha bwaloli ndi jeti. Komabe, pa tsiku loyamba la ulaliki wa galimoto pa Paris Motor Show analandira malamulo 12.

Ndi mndandanda wa DS, opanga samangodumpha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za kapangidwe kamangidwe, komanso amabisala pansi pamlandu wamtsogolo ndi zida zingapo zatsopano. Ngakhale kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic kokha ndikokwanira kuti kuyendetsa galimoto kuyambiranso.

Wofiira wa 21 DS 1967 Pallas amawoneka ngati chombo cha mlengalenga chifukwa mawilo akumbuyo amakhala obisika kwathunthu pansi pa thupi. Injini ikayamba, galimotoyo imadzuka ndikukweza thupi mainchesi angapo. Kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic kumaphatikiza nayitrogeni ngati kasupe wokhala ndi makina oyambira a hydraulic omwe pampu yake imapereka chilolezo chosasunthika chomwe chimatha kusinthidwa. Mpando wamtali wokhawo ndi womwe umakumbukira mtundu wakale, pomwe chiwongolero cholankhula chimodzi komanso makina azachipatala opangira moyo amalankhula za nthawi zamakono za Citroën.

Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa semi-automatic kupita ku brake ya DS siponji, palibe chopondapo. Timasuntha magiya popanda phazi lakumanzere, pokhapokha ndi chowongolera pa gudumu lowongolera, timayima popanda kuyenda mwachizolowezi, timangokakamiza siponji ya rabara molimba kapena mocheperapo - ndipo timayenda motsatira phula, ngati kuti osakhudza. Kupita patsogolo kumawonekeranso mu liwiro lomwe lakwaniritsidwa - ndi 100 hp. DS 21 imagunda pamtunda wa 175 km / h. M'makona othamanga, komabe, galimotoyo imatsamira m'njira yomwe imasiya okwera ndi odutsa ndi mantha - koma zikuwoneka kuti zakhululukidwa. Komanso anaika ndi CX, amene poyerekezera katatu ndi mu 1979 GTI Baibulo.

Citroën CX GTI yokhala ndi 128 HP

Ndipo apa kusiyana kowoneka pakati pa mndandanda wa DS ndi wolowa m'malo mwake, womwe unayambitsidwa mu 1974, ndi waukulu - ngakhale kuti CX ndi masentimita asanu ndi limodzi ocheperapo kuposa DS, ikuwoneka mokulirapo komanso yochititsa chidwi kuposa yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale. Kusiyanaku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha nyali zazikulu za trapezoidal ndi kuchepetsedwa kutalika kwagalimoto pafupifupi ma centimita khumi. CX imatengedwa ngati wosakanizidwa bwino pakati pa DS ndi masewera apakati pa injini ya Matra-Simca Bagheera.

Mipando yachikopa yokhala ndi mikombero yamasewera komanso kufalikira kwa ma 128-speed of vertical-lever kutsindika kunena kwamphamvu kwagalimoto yayikulu yonyamula anthu 190 hp. ndi liwiro lalikulu la XNUMX Km / h. Injini tsopano ndi yopingasa, kulola kutsika kwambiri kwa mwendo kutsogolo. Ngakhale kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic komanso kusiyana kokulirapo pakati pa njanji zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo, ngodya za CX molimba mtima koma sizisiya mawonekedwe a Citroen monga chiwongolero cholankhulidwa kamodzi, chiwongolero chothamanga komanso tachometer yokulira. Koma ndichifukwa chake timakonda anthu a ku France olimba mtima, osokonekera - chifukwa amatipulumutsa ku maswiti ambiri.

Pomaliza

Mkonzi Franz-Peter Hudek: Citroën Traction Avant ndi DS ndi oyenera kukhala m'gulu la akatswiri apamwamba kwambiri. Amapereka chithumwa chochuluka chaumwini ndipo, kuwonjezera pa izo, njira yosangalatsa kwambiri. CX ikupitiriza mwambo umenewu. Tsoka ilo, ngakhale mafani a Citroen adazindikira izi mochedwa - lero CX ndi yamtundu wagalimoto womwe uli pangozi.

Zambiri zaukadaulo

Citroën 11 CV (yopangidwa mu 1952)

Injini

Cylinder inayi, sitiroko inayi, mu intaneti yokhala ndi camshaft kumbuyo. ndi unyolo wa nthawi, Solex kapena Zenith carburetor.

Bore x Stroke: 78 x 100mm

Ntchito voliyumu: 1911 cm³

Mphamvu: 56 hp pa 4000 rpm

Max. makokedwe: 125 Nm pa 2000 rpm.

Kutumiza mphamvuMagudumu oyenda kutsogolo, bokosi lamagiya atatu othamanga, magiya oyamba osagwirizana.

Thupi ndi chisisi

Self-akuthandiza zitsulo thupi, kuyimitsidwa palokha, mabuleki ng'oma zinayi mawilo

Kutsogolo: makona amakona atatu ndi mtanda, akasupe azitali zazitali, ma absorbers oopsa a telescopic.

Kumbuyo: chitsulo chogwira matayala cholimba chokhala ndi matabwa a kotenga nthawi yayitali ndi akasupe oyenda mozungulira, ma absorbers owonera telescopic

Makulidwe ndi kulemera Kutalika x m'lifupi x kutalika: 4450 x 1670 x 1520 mm

Wheelbase: 2910 mm

Kunenepa: 1070 makilogalamu.

Kuchita kwamphamvu ndi mtengo wakeLiwiro lalikulu: 118 km / h

Kugwiritsa ntchito: 10-12 l / 100 km.

Nthawi yopanga ndi kufalitsaKuyambira 1934 mpaka 1957 makope 759 111.

Zotsatira Citroën DS 21 (1967)

Injini

Injini yamphamvu inayi, yodutsa anayi pamzere wokhala ndi camshaft kumbuyo. ndi unyolo wa nthawi, carburetor imodzi yazipinda ziwiri

Bore x Stroke: 90 x 85,5mm

Ntchito voliyumu: 2175 cm³

Mphamvu: 100 hp pa 5500 rpm

Max. makokedwe: 164 Nm pa 3000 rpm.

Kutumiza mphamvuGudumu loyendetsa kutsogolo, magudumu anayi othamangitsira pamanja ndi ma hydraulic clutch actuation.

Thupi ndi chisisiMapepala azitsulo papulatifomu, kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic, mabuleki anayi wama disc

Kutsogolo: zopingasa

Kumbuyo: matabwa akutali.

Makulidwe ndi kulemera Kutalika x m'lifupi x kutalika: 4840 x 1790 x 1470 mm

Wheelbase: 3125 mm

Kulemera kwake: 1280kg

Sitima: 65 l.

Kuchita kwamphamvu ndi mtengo wakeLiwiro lalikulu: 175 km / h

Kugwiritsa ntchito 10-13 l / 100 km.

Nthawi yopanga ndi kufalitsaCitroën ID ndi DS kuyambira 1955 mpaka 1975, 1 yathunthu.

Citroen CX GTI

InjiniInjini yamphamvu inayi, yodutsa anayi pamzere wokhala ndi camshaft kumbuyo. ndimakina onyamula nthawi, Bosch-L-Jetronic petroli system

Bore x Stroke: 93,5 x 85,5mm

Ntchito voliyumu: 2347 cm³

Mphamvu: 128 hp pa 4800 rpm

Max. makokedwe: 197 Nm pa 3600 rpm.

Kutumiza mphamvuGudumu loyenda kutsogolo, liwiro lantchito zisanu zothamanga.

Thupi ndi chisisiThupi lodzipangira lokhala ndi bolt-on subframe, kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic ndikukhazikika, mabuleki ama disc pama mawilo onse anayi

Kutsogolo: zopingasa

Kumbuyo: matabwa akutali

Matayala: 185 HR 14.

Makulidwe ndi kulemera Kutalika x m'lifupi x kutalika: 4660 x 1730 x 1360 mm

Wheelbase: 2845 mm

Kulemera kwake: 1375kg

Sitima: 68 l.

Kuchita kwamphamvu ndi mtengo wakeLiwiro lalikulu: 189 km / h

Mathamangitsidwe kuchokera 0 mpaka 100 Km / h: 10,5 gawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito: 8-11 l / 100 km.

Nthawi yopanga ndi kufalitsaCitroën CX kuyambira 1974 mpaka 1985, mtundu umodzi.

Lemba: Frank-Peter Hudek

Chithunzi: Karl-Heinz Augustin

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