Zomwe mungasankhe: chotsitsa mafuta kapena gasi? Zimatengera zomwe mumakwera komanso momwe mumakwera.

Kwa zaka zambiri pakhala pali zokambirana za mtundu wanji wa shock absorber womwe uli wabwino kwambiri. Ngakhale magalimoto amakono nthawi zambiri amangogwiritsa ntchito zida za gasi, chifukwa ali ndi mwayi umodzi waukulu kuposa mafuta - ndi otetezeka.

Kuti mumvetse bwino pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa gasi ndi chowotcha mafuta, Pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika kuziganizira: Kodi shock absorber ndi chiyani? Oraz mphamvu yotsitsa ndi chiyani. Ndigwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chosavuta komanso chosavuta kumva kuti chimveke bwino.

Shock absorber ndi chinthu chomwe chimachepetsa kugwedezeka. amayamba ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwira pa galimotoyo ndipo zimachokera kuzinthu ziwiri - monga msewu (maenje ndi maenje) ndi kuyenda kwa galimoto (kutembenuka, kuphulika, kuthamanga). Kulekanitsa kumeneku ndikofunikira chifukwa kwenikweni magwero awiriwa amatulutsa kugwedezeka kosiyana.

Kuyendetsa mabampu mumsewu (monga pothole) kumapangitsa galimotoyo kuyenda.. Izi ndi mphamvu yadzidzidzi yomwe imakhudzidwa kwathunthu ndi kasupe (mwachitsanzo, kasupe) ndipo kokha kuyenda kwa kasupe, choncho gudumu logwirizana ndi galimotoyo, limachepetsedwa (kusungunuka) ndi chododometsa chododometsa. Mu jargon akatswiri, tikukamba za shock absorber pa liwiro lalikulu (kugwedezeka kwakukulu koma matalikidwe otsika). Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti mutatha kugunda kusalinganika, mwamsanga, kumasula gudumu kuchokera ku kugwedezeka komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi izo, kuonetsetsa kuti gudumu likhale lotalika kwambiri komanso lolimba kwambiri.

Chinthu china ndi pamene Galimotoyo imayendetsa, makamaka imodzi pambuyo pa inzake, kapena imalowera m'mbali mwa msewu wokhota pang'ono koma mofatsa., zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuwonjezera kulemera kwa galimoto (mwachitsanzo, chidutswa cha phiri). Ndiye si kwambiri gudumu kuti vibrates monga galimoto lonse. Ndiye ife tikukamba za. liwiro lotsika la damper, i.e. liwiro lotsika (otsika kugwedera pafupipafupi koma matalikidwe apamwamba). Ndipo mofanana ndi mabampu, zinthu za masika zimagwiranso ntchito kwambiri, ndipo zotsekemera zimapangidwira kuti zikhazikitse kayendetsedwe ka galimoto yonse mogwirizana ndi mawilo.

Generalizing ndi kufewetsa mpaka malire:

• damping liwilo lalikulukuchepetsa kuyenda kwa gudumu pokhudzana ndi galimoto,
• damping liwiro lotsika, - damping ya kayendedwe ka galimoto poyerekeza ndi mawilo.

Kunena zomveka, zinthu ziwiri zomwe tafotokozazi sizidziimira paokha, ndipo palibe malire pakati pawo. Ndikosowa kwambiri kuti chodzidzimutsa chigwire ntchito pamtunda wotsika kapena wothamanga kwambiri chifukwa chimodzi chimakhudza chimzake. Galimoto ikayendetsedwa pamseu wovuta kwambiri, zida zodzidzimutsa zimagwira ntchito kwambiri pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri, koma mabampu owonjezera amatha kugwedeza galimotoyo, zomwe zikutanthauzanso kutsika pang'onopang'ono. 

Chinthu chachiwiri chofunika ndi mphamvu yonyowa.amene angatchedwenso damping dzuwa. Uku ndikutha kwa chotsitsa chotsitsa kuti chichepetse kugwedezeka mwachangu momwe mungathere, kaya ndi galimoto kapena gudumu. Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za kuuma kwa damper, koma pochita zonse ndizokhudza mphamvu yowonongeka, chifukwa damper ilibe khalidwe ngati kuuma - ndi akasupe okha. Mfundo yakuti simungathe kugwedeza galimotoyo mwa kukankhira si chifukwa cha mtundu wina wa kuuma, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachangu. 

Komabe, ndizowona kuti ndi zinthu zochititsa mantha zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, galimotoyo imakhala yolemetsa nthawi zina, monga momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito modzidzimutsa zimachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa thupi ndikupangitsa kuti gudumu kumamatire pamsewu, kuti mumve kuphulika kwambiri. Komano, ang'onoang'ono mphamvu damping, apamwamba kukwera chitonthozo. Ndiye mumamva kukwera kofewa pamabampu ndi kugwedeza, zomwe si aliyense amene amakonda. Komabe, zonsezi zili ndi mtengo wake. Kuchepa kwa mphamvu yonyowa, kukhalitsa kwa ma oscillation kumakhala kokulirapo, ndipo zinthu zotsatizana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma oscillation awa athe kupitilira.

Mwachitsanzo, galimoto yozungulira chopinga imapanga matembenuzidwe atatu osiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi iliyonse thupi limagwedezeka kunjira ina. Ngati zotsekemera zotsekemera zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zochepetsera pa liwiro lotsika, ndiye kuti zitha kukhazika mtima pansi pang'onopang'ono pambuyo potembenuka koyamba, isanakwane yachiwiri, kenako yachitatu. Zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yochepetsera sizingathe kuchita izi, ndipo pambuyo pa kutembenuka kwachiwiri galimotoyo imatha kugwedezeka kwambiri moti zimakhala zovuta kuchita njira yachitatu.

Zili ngati kuthamanga kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kugunda pamphuno, gudumu limagwedezeka, ndipo ngati mabampu achitika motsatizana, ndiye kuti chotsatira chilichonse chimayambitsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa gudumu ndi mphamvu yaing'ono yochepetsera. Patapita nthawi, gudumu likhoza kuyenda mosagwirizana ndi msewu ndipo motero kusiya msewu kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa ngati kuli kofunikira. Komanso - zitha kukhala zodabwitsa - mukamayendetsa mwachangu pamsewu wa holey, mudzakhala omasuka kwambiri ndi zosokoneza ndi zomwe zimatchedwa. mawonekedwe okhwima, i.e. mphamvu yonyowa kwambiri. Kuti mudziwe, yang'anani kanema pansipa ndikuyesa kuyankha funsoli: zotsekemera zotsekemera pa galimotoyi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepetsera kapena zochepa, koma bwanji ngati zikanakhala njira ina?

Yankho ndiloti: mkulu damping mphamvu. Zikadakhala zazing'ono, ndiye kuti mawilo amatuluka mumsewu, ndipo galimotoyo siikanatha kuyenda pa liwiro lotere, koma imathanso kuthamangitsa liwiro loterolo, chifukwa ndi gudumu limodzi lakumbuyo. pa malo osagwirizana ngati amenewa sakanatha kusamutsa mphamvu pansi. Zachidziwikire, iyi ndi nkhani ya magawo ena, monga kubweza ndi kubwezeretsanso, koma ndi mutu wankhani ina. 

Kusiyana pakati pa gasi ndi mafuta otsekemera amafuta

Pakadali pano, ngati mumvetsetsa zomwe zili pamwambapa, simudzakhala ndi vuto kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa umwini. gasi-mafuta shock absorber. Ndikoyenera kudziwa, komabe, kuti chotsitsa mpweya ndi mawu osavuta, ndipo dzina lake lolondola ndi mafuta gasi. Sitikhala pano pamapangidwe atsatanetsatane amitundu yonseyi, chifukwa zilibe kanthu. Tanthauzo la zochita ndi zofunika.

Chabwino, chikhalidwe Mkati mwa damper ya mafuta, njira yogwirira ntchito ndi mafuta. udindo damping vibrations. Mafutawa amatsanuliridwa kudzera mu ma valve, ndipo monga mukudziwa, madziwa amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kena kake, kotero kupopera uku sikuthamanga kwambiri. Palinso mafuta mu valve ya gasi ndipo chinthu chomwecho chikuchitika ndipo apa pali mtundu wachiwiri wa madzimadzi ogwira ntchito - mpweya wothamanga kwambiri (nthawi zambiri nayitrogeni). Sichimasakanikirana ndi mafuta, koma chimadzaza chipinda chosiyana, chomwe chimathandiza kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa pisitoni muzitsulo zowonongeka, zomwe zimakhala ngati mpweya wa gasi - kukakamiza kwambiri, kumakhala kolemera kwambiri. Chachikulu komanso, chowonadi, phindu lokhalo lokhalo la chotsitsa chamafuta pachowotcha mafuta ndikuti mpweya umachita mwachangu kugwedezeka kuposa mafuta, kapena kungoyika: gasi amapanikizidwa bwino kwambiri kuposa momwe mafuta amayenda kudzera mu ma valve. Ndipo izi, nazonso, zikutanthauza kuti zotulutsa mpweya zimagwira ntchito bwino pa liwiro lalikulupambuyo pa zonse, ndi mtundu uwu womwe umayang'anira gawo la gasi la chotsitsa chododometsa pamodzi ndi gawo lamafuta.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani muzochita? Ngati mukuyendetsa mumsewu woyipa wokhala ndi maenje ndi mabampu, chotsitsa cha gasi chimachepetsa kugwedezeka bwino. Chifukwa chake, m'malemba onse a Fr. kusiyana pakati pa chopondera cha gasi ndi chotsitsa mafuta, mudzapeza zambiri kuti gasi ndi wolemera kwambiri. Zomwe, ndithudi, zikhoza kuonedwa ngati zolakwika, koma momwe ziliri. Pomwe Chotsitsa mafuta sichichepetsa kugwedezeka uku, kapena osati mogwira mtima, kupangitsa galimotoyo kukhala yomasuka. Izi sizowona kwathunthu, chifukwa ndi zolakwika zazikulu zikuwoneka kuti pali masewero pakuyimitsidwa, koma pochita izi ndikulekanitsa gudumu pamsewu ndikuligunda. Ndipo popeza chotsitsa chamafuta sichimatha kutsitsa kugwedezeka ndikupangitsa kuti mawilo anyamuke kuchoka pamseu, pochita mabuleki kapena kutembenuka, kapenanso kuthamanga, timakokera pang'ono. Izi, zimabweretsa chitetezo chochepa, koma chitonthozo chapamwamba.

Chifukwa chiyani chowotcha mpweya ndi chowotcha mafuta?

Ngakhale zikuwoneka zodziwikiratu kuti kugwedezeka kodzaza gasi ndikwabwinoko, kugwedezeka kodzaza ndi mafuta kumakhalabe kwabwino. Inde, osati m'magalimoto - apa, ngati n'kotheka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yamafuta amafuta. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi SUV yakale yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera ndalama pachisankhochi. Ndipo apa ndiyenera kutsindika kuti zotulutsa mpweya wamafuta ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Zingawoneke zodabwitsa kuti zoyambira zoyambira kugwedezeka kwa jeep zakale zimawononga PLN 80-100, ndi zolowa m'malo mwa gasi, mwachitsanzo, 300. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa choyamba choyambirira, mwachitsanzo. mafuta.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kotereku kwamtengo ndiko chifukwa cha mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri a makina otsekemera odzaza mpweya. Zodzikongoletsera zotere zimathanso kuwonongeka ndikulephera kwathunthu, mwachitsanzo, zikatuluka. Amatha mwachangu kuposa mafuta ndipo amataya katundu wawo pamtengo wa zero-mmodzi pompopompo. Apa ndipamene ubwino wa mafuta otsekemera a mafuta, omwe amagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano m'magalimoto amalonda ndi apamsewu, kumene kuyendetsa bwino sikuli kofunikira monga kukhazikika, kukhazikika komanso kutha kugwira ntchito ngakhale pazovuta kwambiri. 

Ngakhale tazindikira kuti chotsitsa cha gasi chimakhala chotetezeka kuposa chowotcha mafuta, kusiyana kwake ndikwambiri ndigalimoto yonyamula anthu yomwe tikukambirana. Kwa galimoto, SUV kapena magalimoto olemera amtundu uliwonse, kusiyana kwake sikofunikira pazifukwa zosavuta - awa ndi magalimoto olemera. Kulemera kumatsimikiziranso mphamvu ya damping, monga momwe mungawerenge m'malemba pa phunziro la shock absorbers. Ndipo apa ndikofunikira kuzindikira osati zotsika mtengo, komanso zotetezeka kukwera pazitsulo zamafuta ngati galimoto yodzaza kwambirichifukwa pakagwa mwadzidzidzi kulephera kwa mpweya kugwedezeka kwa mpweya, kumangosiya kugwira ntchito.