Kodi chiwongolero champhamvu ndi chiyani, komanso mitundu yake ndi kusiyana kwake

Kuwongolera mphamvu yama hayidiroliki (GUR) ndi njira yomwe imagwirira ntchito poyendetsa galimoto ndipo idapangidwa kuti ichepetse zoyeserera za woyendetsa akatembenuza mawilo oyendetsa. Ndi gawo lotsekedwa, mkati mwake momwe mumayendetsa magetsi. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana mitundu yamadzi amtundu woyendetsa, mawonekedwe awo ndi kusiyana kwawo.

Kuyendetsa mphamvu ndi chiyani

Choyamba, tidzakambirana mwachidule za chiwongolero chamagetsi. Monga tanenera kale, dongosololi latsekedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti likukakamizidwa. Kuwongolera mphamvu kumaphatikizapo pampu, chowongolera chowongolera ndi hayidiroliki yamphamvu, posungira madzi, chosinthira chowongolera (chowongolera valavu), chowongolera chowongolera, komanso mapaipi okakamiza ndi kubwerera.

Gudumu likatembenuzidwa, valavu yoyendetsa imazungulira kuti isinthe ma hydraulic flow. Cylinder yamphamvu imalumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero ndipo imagwira ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri. Pampu ndi lamba woyendetsedwa ndi mota ndipo umayambitsa magwiridwe antchito m'dongosolo. Valavu yolowera imawongolera kuthamanga, kukhetsa madzi owonjezera pakufunika. Mafuta apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi m'dongosolo.

Hayidiroliki chilimbikitso madzimadzi

Madzi oyendetsa magetsi amasunthira kukakamizidwa ndi pampu kupita ku hydraulic silinda pisitoni. Uwu ndiye ntchito yake yayikulu, koma pali ena:

• kondomu ndi kuzirala kwa mayunitsi oyendetsa magetsi;
• dzimbiri chitetezo.

Pafupifupi pafupifupi lita imodzi yamadzi amadzimadzi amayendetsa magetsi. Amatsanulira kudzera mu thanki, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zisonyezo za msinkhu, nthawi zina malingaliro amtundu wamadzimadzi.

Pali zakumwa zazikulu pamsika zomwe zimasiyana ndimakina (zopangira kapena mchere) ndi utoto (wobiriwira, wofiira, wachikasu). Komanso, dalaivala akuyenera kuyendera chidule ndi mayina amadzi amadzi oyendetsera magetsi. Machitidwe amakono amagwiritsa ntchito:

• PSF (Power Steering Fluid) - madzi oyendetsa magetsi.
• ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) - madzi amadzimadzi otengera.
• Dexron II, III ndi Multi HF ndizizindikiro.

Mitundu yamadzi amagetsi oyendetsera magetsi

Madzi oyendetsa mphamvu amayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zowonjezera komanso kupangira mankhwala. Mwa iwo:

• index yofunika ya viscosity;
• kukana kutentha;
• mawotchi ndi katundu hayidiroliki;
• dzimbiri chitetezo;
• anti-thovu katundu;
• mafuta mafuta.

Makhalidwe onsewa, pamlingo wina ndi mzake, ali ndi madzi amtundu woyendetsa pamsika.

Komanso, mankhwalawa amadziwika:

• kupanga;
• theka-kupanga;
• mafuta amchere.

Tiyeni tiwone kusiyana kwawo komanso kukula kwawo.

Kupanga

Zopanga zimapangidwa ndi ma hydrocarbon (alkylbenzenes, polyalphaolefins) ndi ma ether osiyanasiyana. Zonsezi zimapezeka chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi mankhwala kuchokera ku mafuta. Awa ndi maziko omwe zowonjezera zina zimawonjezeredwa. Mafuta opangira ali ndi maubwino awa:

• mkulu kukhuthala index;
• thermo-oxidative bata;
• moyo wautali wautumiki;
• kusakhazikika pang'ono;
• kukana kutentha kutsika ndi kutentha;
• zabwino anti-dzimbiri, anti-thovu ndi mafuta mafuta.

Koma ngakhale ndi izi, mafuta opangidwa kwathunthu samagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakuwongolera mphamvu chifukwa cha zisindikizo zambiri za mphira zomwe ma synthetics amatha kuwukira mwamphamvu. Zojambula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati zovomerezedwa ndi wopanga. Chosavuta china cha zinthu zopangira ndi mtengo wapamwamba.

Zotsogola

Pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu za ziwalo za mphira, opanga amawonjezera zowonjezera zina za silicone.

Mineral

Mafuta amchere amatengera tizigawo tambiri ta mafuta monga naphthenes ndi parafini. 97% ndi maziko amchere, ena 3% ndi zowonjezera. Mafuta otere amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsera magetsi, chifukwa salowerera pazipangizo za mphira. Kutentha kotentha pakati pa -40 ° С mpaka 90 ° С. Zopanga zimagwira mpaka 130 ° C-150 ° C, malire ake ndi ofanana. Mafuta amchere ndiotsika mtengo, koma m'njira zina amakhala otsika kuposa mafuta opanga. Izi zimakhudzanso moyo wautumiki, thobvu ndi mafuta.

Ndi mafuta amtundu wanji omwe ungatsanulire mu chiwongolero chamagetsi - chopangira kapena mchere? Choyamba, chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga.

Kusiyana kwa utoto

Monga tanenera kale, mafuta amakhalanso osiyana - ofiira, achikaso, obiriwira. Zonsezi ndizopanga komanso zopanga komanso zopanga.

Amamanga

Iwo ali m'gulu la ATF, ndiye kuti, kufalitsa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza zodziwikiratu, koma nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyendetsa magetsi. Zolemba zofiira Dexron II ndi Dexron III ndizopanga kwa carmaker General Motors. Pali mitundu ina yofiira, koma amapangidwa ndi chilolezo kuchokera kwa General Motors.

Yellow

Kukula kwa nkhawa ya Daimler AG, motsatana, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamtundu wa Mercedes-Benz, Maybach, AMG, Smart ndi ena. Ali mgulu lazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi zama hydraulic boosters ndi ma hayidiroliki oyimitsidwa. Mafuta amchere amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa magetsi. Mitundu yotchuka yachikaso ndi Mobil ndi Total.

Chobiriwira

Kukula kwa nkhawa ya VAG, motsatana, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu wa Volkswagen, Porsche, Audi, Lamborghini, Bentley, Seat, Scania, MAN ndi ena. Ali mgulu la PSF, ndiye kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mphamvu zokha.

Daimler amapanganso anzawo obiriwira a PSF motsogozedwa ndi Pentosin brand.

Kodi ndingasakanize mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Tiyenera kunena nthawi yomweyo kuti ndibwino kuti musalole kusakanikirana kwamafuta osiyanasiyana, ngakhale ataloledwa. Mafuta opangira ndi amchere sayenera kusakanikirana chifukwa chosiyana ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala.

Mutha kusakaniza mtundu wachikaso ndi wofiira, chifukwa mankhwala awo ali m'njira zambiri zofananira. Zowonjezera sizidzakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina. Koma ndi bwino kusintha kusakaniza kumeneku kukhala kofanana.

Mafuta obiriwira sangasakanizikane ndi ena, popeza ali ndi kapangidwe kamankhwala konsekonse, ndiye kuti, zopangira ndi mchere.

Mafutawa amafunika kusakanizidwa pakamadzaza mafuta, madzi akamadzaza. Izi zikuwonetsa kutayikira komwe kuyenera kuzindikiritsidwa ndikukonzedwa.

Zizindikiro zotayikira

Zizindikiro zomwe zitha kuwonetsa kutha kwa madzi poyenda kapena kukambirana zakufunika kuti musinthe:

• kugwa m thanki;
• kutuluka kunawonekera pazisindikizo kapena zisindikizo zamafuta zadongosolo;
• kugogoda kumamveka mu chiwongolero poyendetsa;
• chiongolero chimazungulira mwamphamvu, ndi khama;
• Pampu yoyendetsa magetsi imatulutsa phokoso lakunja, phokoso.

Kuti mudzaze madzi amagetsi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a wopanga. Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi osasakaniza. Ngati mukuyenera kusakaniza mafuta osiyanasiyana, kumbukirani kuti mafuta amchere ndiopanga sagwirizana, ngakhale atakhala ofanana. Ndikofunikanso kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi momwe zimakhalira.