Kodi injini yamagalimoto yama turbo ndi chiyani?

Turbocharged injini

Turbo injini. Ntchito yowonjezera mphamvu ya injini ndi torque yakhala yofunikira nthawi zonse. Mphamvu ya injini imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kusamuka kwa ma silinda ndi kuchuluka kwa osakaniza amafuta a mpweya omwe amaperekedwa kwa iwo. Ndiye kuti, mafuta akamayaka kwambiri m'masilinda, mphamvu zambiri zimapangidwira ndi gawo lamagetsi. Komabe, njira yosavuta ndiyo kuonjezera mphamvu ya injini. Kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu yake yogwirira ntchito kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa miyeso ndi kulemera kwa kapangidwe kake. Kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza komwe kumaperekedwa kumatha kuonjezedwa powonjezera liwiro la kuzungulira kwa crankshaft. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zozungulira zambiri za ntchito mu masilindala pa nthawi imodzi. Koma padzakhala mavuto aakulu okhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu za inertia ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa katundu wamakina pamagulu a magetsi, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti moyo wa injini ukhale wotsika.

Kuchita bwino kwa injini ya Turbo

Njira yothandiza kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi mphamvu. Ingoganizirani kugunda kwa injini yoyaka mkati. Injini, ngakhale ikugwira ntchito ngati pampu, ilinso ndi vuto lalikulu. Mapaipi amlengalenga ali ndi fyuluta yamlengalenga, mapindidwe obwereza, komanso injini zamafuta zimakhalanso ndi valavu yopumira. Zonsezi, ndithudi, zimachepetsa kudzazidwa kwa silinda. Kuchulukitsa kukakamiza kumtunda kwa valavu yolowera, mpweya wambiri udzaikidwa mu silinda. Kubwezeretsanso nyumba kumathandiza kuti ndalama zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziwotcha mafuta ambiri muzipangizo zoterezi ndikupeza mphamvu zama injini. Mitundu itatu yamakulitsidwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini yoyaka yamkati. Resonance yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakuthwa kwama voliyumu am'magulu azakudya. Poterepa, palibe zowonjezera zowonjezera / zowonjezera zomwe zikufunika. Mawotchi, mu mtundu uwu kompresa imayendetsedwa ndi lamba wamagalimoto.

Makina amagetsi kapena injini ya turbo

Makina amagetsi kapena turbocharger, chopangira mphamvu chimayendetsedwa ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Njira iliyonse ili ndi maubwino ndi zovuta zake, zomwe zimatsimikizira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Kudyetsa kambiri. Kuti mudzaze bwino kwambiri silinda, kuthamanga patsogolo pa valavu yolowetsa kuyenera kukulitsidwa. Pakadali pano, kukakamizidwa kowonjezereka sikofunikira. Ndikokwanira kuukweza panthawi yotseka valavu ndikunyamula gawo lina la mpweya mu silinda. Pazomangika kwakanthawi kochepa, mafunde opanikizika omwe amayenda modyera mochuluka pamene injini ikuyenda ndiyabwino. Ndikokwanira kuwerengera kutalika kwa payipiyo kuti mafunde awoneke kangapo kuchokera kumapeto kwake kukafika pa valavu panthawi yoyenera. Lingaliroli ndi losavuta, koma kukhazikitsa kwake kumafunikira luntha. Valavu satseguka pama liwiro osiyanasiyana a crankshaft chifukwa chake imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokweza yama resonant.

Turbo injini - mphamvu yamphamvu

Ndikudya kangapo, injini imachita bwino kwambiri. Pofulumira kwambiri, njira yayitali yokoka ndiyabwino. Chitoliro cholowera chamtundu wautali chimatha kupangidwa m'njira ziwiri. Mwina polumikiza chipinda chokomera mawu, kapena posinthana ndi njira yolowera kapena kulumikiza. Yotsirizira amatchedwanso mphamvu zazikulu. Kupanikizika kwamphamvu komanso kwamphamvu kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kuthamanga kwa nsanja yolowera mlengalenga. Zomwe zimakulitsa chifukwa chakusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuyambira 5 mpaka 20 mbar. Poyerekeza, ndi turbocharger kapena makina opangira mphamvu, mutha kupeza zofunikira pamtundu wa 750 mpaka 1200 mbar. Kuti mutsirize chithunzichi, zindikirani kuti padakali chopangira chosavomerezeka. Momwe chinthu chachikulu pakupanga kupsyinjika kopitilira kumtunda kwa valavu ndi mutu wothamanga kwambiri wa chitoliro cholowera.

Kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya injini ya turbo

Izi zimapereka kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa mphamvu pamphamvu kwambiri kuposa makilomita 140 pa ola limodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa njinga zamoto. Makina odzaza amalola njira yosavuta yowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi. Poyendetsa injini molunjika kuchokera pa injini yopangira injini, kompresa imatha kutulutsa mpweya muzitsulo mosachedwetsa mwachangu, ndikuwonjezera kukakamiza kwakanthawi kofanana ndi kuthamanga kwa injini. Koma amakhalanso ndi zovuta. Amachepetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwa injini yoyaka mkati. Chifukwa zina mwa mphamvu zopangidwa ndi magetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwayendetsa. Makina othamanga amatenga malo ochulukirapo ndipo amafunikira woyambitsa wapadera. Lamba wa nthawi kapena bokosi lamagalimoto likupanga phokoso lalikulu. Makina odzaza. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ophulitsira makina. Volumetric komanso centrifugal. Zodzaza zambiri ndizoyambitsa Mizu ndi kompresa wa Lysholm. Mapangidwe a Mizu amafanana ndi mpope wamafuta wamafuta.

Makina a Turbo

Chodabwitsa cha kapangidwe kameneka ndikuti mpweya suumizidwa mu supercharger, koma kunja kwa payipi, kulowa mumlengalenga pakati pa nyumba ndi ma rotor. Choyipa chachikulu ndikupindula kochepa. Ziribe kanthu momwe zigawo zodzaza zimayikidwa molondola, pamene kupanikizika kwina kukufika, mpweya umayamba kubwerera, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya dongosolo. Pali njira zingapo zomenyera nkhondo. Wonjezerani liwiro la rotor kapena pangani supercharger magawo awiri kapena atatu. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuwonjezera zomaliza mpaka pamlingo wovomerezeka, koma mapangidwe amitundu yambiri alibe mwayi wawo waukulu - kuphatikizika. Choyipa china ndikutulutsa kosagwirizana kwa chotuluka, monga mpweya umaperekedwa m'magawo. Zopangidwe zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira katatu, ndipo mawindo olowera ndi kutuluka ali ndi katatu. Chifukwa cha njirazi, ma supercharger ochulukirapo adachotsa mphamvu yake.

Kuyika injini ya Turbo

Kuthamanga kwa rotor kocheperako motero kulimba, kuphatikiza phokoso lochepa, kwadzetsa zinthu zodziwika bwino monga DaimlerChrysler, Ford ndi General Motors mothandizidwa mowolowa manja ndi zinthu zawo. Ma supercharger osamutsa amawonjezera mphamvu ndi ma torque osasintha mawonekedwe. Zili ndi mphamvu zothamanga kwambiri mpaka kuthamanga kwapakati ndipo izi zikuwonetsa bwino kuthamanga. Vuto lokhalo ndiloti makina oterewa ndiabwino kwambiri kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri. Njira inanso yowonjezera kukakamizidwa kwa mpweya muzakudya zambiri idakonzedwa ndi mainjiniya a Lisholm. Kapangidwe kazitsulo ka Lysholm ndikokumbukira kopukusira nyama wamba. Pampu ziwiri zowonjezera zimayikidwa mkati mwa nyumbayo. Atazungulira mbali zosiyanasiyana, amatenga mbali ina ya mpweya, amaupondereza ndi kuuika muzipilala.

Turbo injini - kukonza

Njirayi imadziwika ndi kupsinjika kwamkati ndi kutayika kocheperako chifukwa chololedwa bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthamanga kwa propeller kumakhala kothandiza pafupifupi liwiro lonse la injini. Wokhala chete, wolimba kwambiri, koma wokwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta kupanga. Komabe, samanyalanyazidwa ndi ma studio odziwika bwino monga AMG kapena Kleemann. Zodzaza ma centrifugal ndizofanana pakupanga ma turbocharger. Kupanikizika kwambiri pakudya mobwerezabwereza kumapangitsanso gudumu la compressor. Masamba ake ozungulira amatenga ndikukankhira mpweya mozungulira ngalandeyo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal. Kusiyanitsa kwa turbocharger kumangokhala pagalimoto. Omwe akuwombera Centrifugal ali ndi vuto lofananira, ngakhale losaonekera kwenikweni. Koma palinso chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kuthamanga komwe kumapangidwa ndikofanana ndi liwiro lalikulu la gudumu la kompresa.

Injini ya Turbo

Mwachidule, imayenera kuzungulira mofulumira kwambiri kuti izitha kupopera mpweya wokwanira muzipilala. Nthawi zina injini imathamanga kakhumi. Imayenera centrifugal zimakupiza pa liwiro mkulu. Mawotchi centrifuge sagwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso amakhala olimba kuposa ma centrifuge amafuta. Chifukwa amagwira ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri. Kuphweka ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutsika mtengo kwa kapangidwe kake kwatchuka pamunda wamakonzedwe okachita masewera. Injini intercooler. Makina olamulira azamagetsi ndiosavuta. Katundu wathunthu, chivundikirocho chimatsekedwa ndipo kutsamwa kwatseguka. Kutuluka konse kwa mpweya kumapita ku injini. Pakugwira gawo limodzi, valavu yamphutsi imatseka ndipo chotsegula chitoliro chimatsegulidwa. Mpweya wambiri umabwezeretsedwanso polowera. Mpweya wozizira wozizira woti azipiritsa ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri pamakina amathandizira amagetsi.

Turbocharged injini ntchito

Mpweya wothinikizidwayo udakhazikika kale m'malo ozizira asanalowe muzipangizo zama injini. Mwa kapangidwe kake, iyi ndi radiator yodziwika bwino, yomwe imakhazikika mwina ndikutuluka kwa mpweya wambiri kapena kozizira. Kutsika kutentha kwa mpweya wolipitsidwa ndi madigiri 10 kumapangitsa kuti azitha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwake pafupifupi 3%. Izi, zimathandizanso kuti mphamvu ya injini iwonjezeke ndi pafupifupi kuchuluka komweko. Injini turbocharger. Ma Turbocharger amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu injini zamakono zamagalimoto. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi compressor yofanana ya centrifugal, koma ndi dera lina loyendetsa. Uku ndiye kusiyanasiyana kofunikira kwambiri, mwina kwakukulu pakati pa ma supercharger opanga makina ndi turbocharging. Ndi unyolo woyendetsa womwe makamaka umatsimikizira mawonekedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe osiyanasiyana.

Turbo injini zabwino

Mu turbocharger, impeller imapezeka pamtsinje womwewo monga chopangira mafuta, chopangira mphamvu. Zomwe zimamangidwa munjizi zaku injini ndipo zimayendetsedwa ndi mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Liwiro likhoza kupitirira 200 rpm. Palibe kulumikizana kwachindunji ndi crankshaft ya injini ndipo mpweya umawongoleredwa ndi mpweya wamafuta. Ubwino wa turbocharger umaphatikizapo. Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a injini ndi chuma. Makina oyendetsa amatenga mphamvu kuchokera ku injini, yemweyo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera ku utsi, chifukwa chake kuchita bwino kumakulitsidwa. Osasokoneza magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa injini ndi wonse. Mwachilengedwe, kugwira ntchito kwa injini yomwe mphamvu yake yawonjezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito turbocharger imafunikira mafuta ochulukirapo kuposa injini yofananira yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yotsika yokhala ndi aspirator wachilengedwe.

Mphamvu ya injini ya Turbo

M'malo mwake, kudzazidwa kwa mpweya ndi mpweya kumakhala bwino, monga tikukumbukira, kuti tiwotchere mafuta ambiri. Koma kachigawo kakang'ono ka mafuta pachipangizo chilichonse champhamvu pa ola limodzi cha injini yokhala ndi khungu lamafuta nthawi zonse kumakhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi kapangidwe kofananira kamphamvu kopanda amplification. Turbocharger imakuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe amtundu wamagetsi ndi kukula pang'ono ndi kulemera. Kuposa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito injini yachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, injini ya turbo imagwira bwino ntchito zachilengedwe. Kupsyinjika kwa chipinda choyaka kumabweretsa kutsika kwa kutentha ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a nitrojeni oxides. Makina opangira mafuta akamatulutsa mafuta, kuyaka kwathunthu kumakwaniritsidwa, makamaka munthawi yochepa. Mu injini za dizilo, mpweya wowonjezera umakulolani kukankhira malire a mawonekedwe a utsi, i.e. kulimbana ndi umuna wa tinthu tambiri.

Injini ya dizilo turbo

Ma dizilo ndiabwino kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo makamaka kukweza ma turbo. Mosiyana ndi injini zamafuta, komwe kukweza mphamvu kumakhala kochepa chifukwa choopsa kugogoda, iwo sadziwa izi. Injini ya dizilo imatha kupanikizika mpaka kupsinjika kwamakina munjira zake. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa kwa mpweya wambiri wambiri komanso kuchuluka kwakanthawi kokwanira kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono poyerekeza ndi injini zamafuta. Turbocharger ndizosavuta kupanga, zomwe zimapindula ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zimakhalapo. Pa liwiro la injini zochepa, kuchuluka kwa utsi kumakhala kotsika, motero kompresa yake imakhala yotsika. Kuphatikiza apo, injini yama turbo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi otchedwa Turboyama.

Ceramic zitsulo turbo ozungulira

Chovuta chachikulu ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Ceramic metal turbine rotor ndi pafupifupi 20% yopepuka kuposa yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku ma alloys osagwira kutentha. Ndipo ilinso ndi mphindi yochepa ya inertia. Mpaka posachedwa, moyo wa chipangizo chonsecho unali wochepa pa moyo wa msasa. Zinali ngati zitsamba zokhala ngati crankshaft zomwe zidathiridwa mafuta oponderezedwa. Kuvala kwa ma bere wamba oterowo kunali kokulirapo, koma zozungulira sizikanatha kupirira kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Yankho linapezeka pamene kunali kotheka kupanga mayendedwe ndi mipira ya ceramic. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ceramics, komabe, sizosadabwitsa, mayendedwe amadzazidwa ndi mafuta ochulukirapo nthawi zonse. Kuchotsa zophophonya za turbocharger sikungothandiza kuchepetsa inertia ya rotor. Komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mabwalo owonjezera, nthawi zina ovuta kwambiri owongolera kuthamanga.

Momwe injini ya turbo imagwirira ntchito

Ntchito zikuluzikulu pankhaniyi ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga pama mota othamanga ndikuwonjezera otsika. Mavuto onse amatha kuthetsedwa ndi chopangira mphamvu cha geometry chopangira mphamvu, chosinthira chopangira nozzle. Mwachitsanzo, ndimasamba osunthika, omwe magawo awo amatha kusinthidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito VNT turbocharger ndikuthandizira kuyendetsa kwa mpweya wotulutsa utsi wopita ku gudumu lamagetsi. Pa liwiro lotsika la injini komanso voliyumu yotsika, turbocharger ya VNT imayendetsa kutulutsa konse kwa mpweya ku gudumu la chopangira mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, kukulitsa mphamvu zake ndikuwonjezera kukakamizidwa. Pothamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwamagesi, turbocharger ya VNT imasunga masamba osunthira. Kuchulukitsa gawo lachigawo ndikutulutsa mpweya wina wotulutsa kuchokera kumtunda.

Chitetezo cha injini ya Turbo

Kutetezedwa mopitilira muyeso komanso kukulitsa kukhathamira kwakanthawi kofunikira pa injini, kuthetseratu. Kuphatikiza pa machitidwe amtundu umodzi osanjikiza, kukulitsa magawo awiri ndikofala. Gawo loyamba loyendetsa kompresa limapereka mphamvu zowonjezera pama injini otsika. Ndipo yachiwiri, turbocharger, imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Chipangizocho chikangofika pa liwiro lokwanira kugwira bwino ntchito kwa chopangira mphamvu, kompresa imadzimitsa yokha, ndipo ikagwa, imayambiranso. Ambiri opanga amapanga ma turbocharger awiri pamakina awo mwakamodzi. Machitidwe oterewa amatchedwa biturbo kapena mapasa-turbo. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo, kupatula chimodzi. Biturbo imagwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi osiyanasiyana, motero magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ma aligorivimu pakuphatikizidwa kwawo atha kukhala ofanana kapena motsatizana.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi turbocharging ndi chiyani? Kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wabwino mu silinda kumapangitsa kuyaka kwabwino kwa osakaniza a mpweya-mafuta, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya injini.

Kodi turbocharged engine imatanthauza chiyani? Popanga mphamvu yotereyi, pali njira yomwe imapereka mpweya wabwino wotuluka m'masilinda. Pachifukwa ichi, turbocharger kapena turbine imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi turbocharging imagwira ntchito bwanji pagalimoto? Mipweya yotulutsa mpweya imazungulira chotengera cha turbine. Kumapeto ena a shaft, chopopera chopopera chimakhazikika, chimayikidwa muzolowera zambiri.