Kodi turbocharger ndi chiyani?

Zikafika pakuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito ndi kuchepa kwamafuta, mainjiniya amakakamizika kusankha injini ya turbo.

Kunja kwa mpweya woonda wa dziko la supercar, kumene Lamborghini amaumirirabe kuti injini zolakalaka mwachibadwa zimakhalabe zoyera komanso njira zambiri za ku Italy zopangira mphamvu ndi phokoso, masiku a magalimoto opanda turbocharged akufika kumapeto.

Ndikosatheka, mwachitsanzo, kupeza Volkswagen Golf yomwe imalakalaka mwachilengedwe. Pambuyo pa Dieselgate, izi sizokayikitsa, chifukwa palibe amene akufuna kusewera gofu.

Komabe, chowonadi ndi chakuti magalimoto amzinda, magalimoto apabanja, oyendera alendo akuluakulu komanso ma supercars ena akusiya sitimayo kuti akwaniritse tsogolo la scuba. Kuchokera ku Ford Fiesta kupita ku Ferrari 488, tsogolo ndi lokakamiza kulowetsedwa, mwina chifukwa cha malamulo otulutsa mpweya, komanso chifukwa ukadaulo wasintha kwambiri.

Uwu ndi vuto la injini yaying'ono yamafuta oyendetsa bwino komanso mphamvu yayikulu ya injini mukafuna.

Zikafika pakuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito apamwamba ndi kutsika kwamafuta ochepa, mainjiniya amakakamizika kupanga injini zawo zaposachedwa ndiukadaulo wa turbocharged.

Kodi turbo ingachite bwanji zambiri ndi zochepa?

Zonse zimadalira momwe injini zimagwirira ntchito, kotero tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za njirayo. Pama injini amafuta, chiŵerengero cha 14.7:1 chamafuta a mpweya chimatsimikizira kuyaka kwathunthu kwa chilichonse chomwe chili mu silinda. Madzi enanso kuposa awa ndikuwononga mafuta.

Mu injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe, chopukusira pang'ono chopangidwa ndi pisitoni yotsika chimakokera mpweya mu silinda, pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza koyipa mkati kuti kukoka mpweya kudzera mu ma valve olowera. Ndi njira yosavuta yochitira zinthu, koma ndi yochepa kwambiri popereka mpweya, monga munthu amene ali ndi vuto lobanika kutulo.

Mu injini ya turbocharged, buku la malamulo lalembedwanso. M'malo modalira mphamvu ya pisitoni, injini ya turbocharged imagwiritsa ntchito pampu ya mpweya kukankhira mpweya mu silinda, monga momwe chigoba cha kubanika kwa kugona chimakankhira mpweya m'mphuno mwako.

Ngakhale ma turbocharger amatha kupanikiza mpweya mpaka 5 bar (72.5 psi) pamwamba pa kupanikizika kwa mumlengalenga, m'magalimoto amsewu amagwira ntchito momasuka kwambiri 0.5 mpaka 1 bar (7 mpaka 14 psi) .

Zotsatira zake ndikuti pa 1 bar ya mphamvu yolimbikitsira, injini imalandira mpweya wowirikiza kawiri ngati kuti idafunidwa mwachilengedwe.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti injini yoyang'anira injini imatha kubaya mafuta ochulukirapo kawiri ndikusunga chiwopsezo chamafuta a mpweya wabwino, ndikupanga kuphulika kwakukulu.

Koma ndi theka chabe la zidule za turbocharger. Tiyeni tifanizire injini ya 4.0-lita mwachibadwa ndi injini ya 2.0-lita turbocharged yokhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera ya 1 bar, poganiza kuti ndizofanana ndi zamakono.

Injini ya 4.0-lita imadya mafuta ochulukirapo ngakhale osagwira ntchito komanso pansi pa injini yopepuka, pomwe injini ya 2.0-lita imadya zochepa kwambiri. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti pakutseguka kwakukulu, injini ya turbocharged idzagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mafuta kotheka - kuwirikiza kawiri ngati injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe yakusamuka komweko, kapena chimodzimodzi ndi 4.0-lita yofunidwa mwachilengedwe.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti injini ya turbocharged imatha kuyenda paliponse kuyambira malita ochepera a 2.0 mpaka malita amphamvu anayi chifukwa chokakamiza kulowetsa.

Choncho ndi nkhani yaing'ono injini mafuta chuma kwa galimoto mofatsa ndi lalikulu injini mphamvu pamene inu mukufuna.

Ndi nzeru bwanji zimenezo?

Monga kuyenerana ndi bullet ya siliva ya engineering, turbocharger palokha ndi yanzeru. Injini ikamathamanga, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umadutsa mu turbine, ndikupangitsa kuti izungulire mwachangu kwambiri - nthawi zambiri pakati pa 75,000 ndi 150,000 pa mphindi.

Makina opangira magetsi amamangirira ku komppressor ya mpweya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti turbine imazungulira mwachangu, imathamanga mwachangu, imayamwa mpweya wabwino ndikuukakamiza kulowa mu injini.

Turbo imagwira ntchito pamlingo wotsetsereka, kutengera momwe mumalimbikitsira popondapo gasi. Popanda ntchito, palibe mpweya wokwanira wotulutsa mpweya wokwanira kuti turbine ifike pa liwiro lililonse, koma mukamathamanga, turbine imazungulira ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.

Mukakankhira ndi phazi lanu lakumanja, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wochulukirapo umapangidwa, womwe umapangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wochuluka kwambiri m'masilinda.

Ndiye kugwidwa ndi chiyani?

Pali, zachidziwikire, zifukwa zingapo zomwe tonsefe sitimayendetsa magalimoto a turbocharged kwa zaka zambiri, kuyambira ndi zovuta.

Monga momwe mungaganizire, kumanga chinthu chomwe chimatha kuzungulira 150,000 RPM tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zaka zambiri popanda kuphulika sikophweka, ndipo kumafuna mbali zodula.

Ma turbines amafunikiranso kudzipereka kwamafuta ndi madzi, zomwe zimayika kupsinjika kwambiri pamakina opaka mafuta ndi kuziziritsa kwa injini.

Pamene mpweya wa mu turbocharger ukuwotcha, opanga nawonso adayenera kukhazikitsa zoziziritsa kukhosi kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mpweya wolowa mu silinda. Mpweya wotentha ndi wocheperako kuposa mpweya wozizira, kunyalanyaza ubwino wa turbocharger komanso kungayambitse kuwonongeka ndi kuphulika msanga kwa mafuta / mpweya wosakaniza.

Choyipa chodziwika bwino kwambiri cha turbocharging ndichoti, chomwe chimadziwika kuti lag. Monga tafotokozera, muyenera kufulumizitsa ndikupanga mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuti turbo iyambe kutulutsa mphamvu zowonjezera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti magalimoto oyambirira a turbo anali ngati kusintha kochedwa - palibe, palibe, palibe, ZONSE.

Kupita patsogolo kosiyanasiyana kwaukadaulo wa turbo kwasokoneza machitidwe oyenda pang'onopang'ono a ma Saabs ndi Porsches oyambilira, kuphatikiza ma vanes osinthika mu turbine omwe amasuntha motengera kupanikizika kwa utsi, ndi zopepuka, zocheperako pang'ono kuti muchepetse inertia.

Njira yosangalatsa kwambiri yopita patsogolo pa turbocharging imatha kupezeka - pakadali pano - mu F1 racers, pomwe injini yaying'ono yamagetsi imapangitsa kuti turbo azizungulira, kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti izungulire.

Mofananamo, mu World Rally Championship, dongosolo lotchedwa anti-lag limataya mpweya / mafuta osakaniza mwachindunji mu utsi patsogolo pa turbocharger. Kutentha kochuluka kwa utsi kumapangitsa kuti iphulike ngakhale popanda spark plug, kupanga mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndikusunga turbocharger kuwira.

Koma bwanji za turbodiesel?

Pankhani ya turbocharging, ma dizilo ndi mtundu wapadera. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa popanda kukakamiza, injini za dizilo sizingakhale zofala monga momwe zilili.

Ma dizilo omwe mwachibadwa amafunira amatha kupereka torque yabwino yotsika, koma ndipamene maluso awo amatha. Komabe, potengera kukakamiza, ma dizilo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito torque yawo ndikusangalala ndi mapindu omwewo monga anzawo amafuta.

Ma injini a dizilo amapangidwa ndi Tonka Tough kuti azitha kunyamula katundu ndi kutentha komwe kuli mkati mwake, kutanthauza kuti amatha kuthana ndi kupanikizika kowonjezera kwa turbo.

Injini zonse za dizilo - zokhutitsidwa mwachilengedwe komanso zochulukidwa - zimagwira ntchito powotcha mafuta mumlengalenga wopitilira muzomwe zimatchedwa kuti zowotcha zowotcha.

Nthawi yokhayo yomwe injini za dizilo zimafuna mwachilengedwe zimafika pafupi ndi "zabwino" zosakaniza za mpweya/mafuta zimakhala zolimba kwambiri pamene majekeseni amafuta ali otseguka.

Chifukwa mafuta a dizilo amakhala osasunthika kwambiri ngati amafuta, akawotchedwa popanda mpweya wambiri, mwaye wambiri, womwe umadziwikanso kuti diesel particulates, umapangidwa. Podzaza silinda ndi mpweya, ma turbodiesel amatha kupewa vutoli.

Chifukwa chake ngakhale turbocharging ndikuwongolera modabwitsa kwamainjini amafuta, kutembenuka kwake kwenikweni kumateteza injini ya dizilo kuti isakhale yosuta. Ngakhale "Dieselgate" mulimonse zingayambitse izi.

Kodi mumamva bwanji mukaganizira kuti ma turbocharger amalowera pafupifupi magalimoto onse a mawilo anayi? Tiuzeni mu ndemanga pansipa.