Kodi pampu yamafuta yamagetsi ndi chiyani komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito injini

Magalimoto ambiri amakono ali ndi makina opangira mafuta. Pali zosintha momwe mafuta amapopera ndi mphutsi pambiri yambiri. Palinso mitundu yomwe mafuta amapopera molunjika mu zonenepa za injini.

Ma injini a dizilo amagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi injini zamafuta. Mwa iwo, dizilo imadyetsedwa muzosakanikirana kale mu silinda. Kuti gawo la mafuta likhale ndi atom popanda chopinga, pamafunika makina monga pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri.

Ganizirani za mawonekedwe a makinawa, zosintha zake ndi zizindikiro za kulephera.

Kodi pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri ndi chiyani?

Makinawo, omwe amafupikitsidwa ngati pampu yamafuta, ndi gawo limodzi lamafuta a injini ya dizilo, koma palinso mitundu yamafuta amagetsi. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa pampu yamafuta ya injini ya dizilo ndikuti kukakamiza komwe kumatulutsa ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa mnzake wamafuta. Chifukwa cha izi ndizofunikira pagulu. Mumakina oyendera injini ya dizilo, mpweya umakanikizidwa koyamba mpaka kutentha kwa mafuta.

Pisitoniyo ikafika pamwamba pomwe pamamwalira, nozuloyo amapopera mafuta ndipo amayatsa. Jekeseni iyenera kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu. Kuti dongosololi ligwire bwino ntchito, pampu iyenera kupanga mutu wokwera kuposa masilindala.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yomwe yatchulidwayi, mpope uyeneranso kupereka mafuta m'magawo, kutengera magwiridwe antchito a magetsi. Chizindikiro ichi anatsimikiza kutenga kasinthasintha wa crankshaft lapansi. M'galimoto yamakono, njirayi imayang'aniridwa ndi yamagetsi yoyang'anira.

Kukula ndi kukonza mbiri

Chida ichi chidapangidwa koyamba m'ma 1930 ndi Robert Bosch. M'magalimoto okwera anthu, mapampu a jakisoni adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama mu theka lachiwiri la khumi lomweli.

Popeza kuti injini zoyambirira zamafuta zinali ndi ma carburetors, ma unit a dizilo okha ndi omwe amafunikira makinawa. Masiku ano, mafuta a injini omwe ali ndi jekeseni wachindunji alinso ndi mpope wamtunduwu (carburetor ndiwosowa kale kwambiri - kokha mgalimoto zakale).

Ngakhale mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mpopeyo sinasinthe kwenikweni, makinawa adasinthidwa ndikuwongolera pang'ono. Chifukwa cha izi ndikukula pamiyeso yazachilengedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito amkati oyaka. Poyamba, makina opopera makina anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma sanali ndalama, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mpweya woipa uvulaze. Mapampu amakono amakono amawonetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri, komwe kumalola mayendedwe kuti akwaniritse gawo lazikhalidwe ndikukhutitsa oyendetsa ndalama zochepa.

Kuthamanga mpope mamangidwe

Pali zosiyanasiyana zosintha mpope jekeseni mafuta injini, komanso analogue dizilo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, zinthu zazikulu pampopu wamakina ndi:

• Fyuluta imayikidwa polowera kutsogolo kwa pampu;
• Pisitoni plunger yomwe ili mu silinda - yotchedwa. awiri plunger;
• Thupi momwe timipangati timapangidwira - kudzera mwa iwo mafuta amaperekedwa kwa awiriwo;
• Shaft yokhala ndi cam ndi centrifugal clutch. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi pulley ya makina oyendetsa nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito lamba woyendetsa;
• Ma plunger awiri amayendetsa ma pusher;
• Akasupe omwe amabwezera botolo la plunger;
• Mavavu owombelera;
• Njira zowongolera - zogwirizana ndi gasi;
• Mpweya wamafuta wobwerera (kudzera mwa iwo, mafuta owonjezera amathandizidwa kuti abwerere);
• Pampu yotsika pang'ono (imapopera mafuta mu pampu).

Monga tanenera kale, mapampu amakanika amasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kusintha kwamagetsi chifukwa cha chuma chawo komanso magwiridwe antchito. Makina omwewo ndi ovuta kukonza ndikusintha. Mapampu amagetsi amakhala ndi zida zawo zowongolera komanso mavavu angapo amagetsi ndi masensa.

Mapampu ambiri amajakisoni amagetsi amakhala ndi makina awo owunikira, chifukwa chake chipangizocho chimazolowera zovuta ndi zolakwika zomwe zidakumana nazo. Izi zimathandiza kuti chipangizocho chizigwira bwino ntchito ngakhale sensa imodzi ikalephera. Pampu yotereyi imasiya kugwira ntchito pokhapokha microprocessor ikawonongeka.

Momwe ntchito

Kuthamanga mafuta mpope ntchito pa mfundo ya injini ziwiri sitiroko. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa cam shaft, plunger piston imayendetsedwa. Mafuta a dizilo amalowa m'malo ocheperako, omwe amapitilira mumsewu waukulu.

Zambiri pazokhudza magwiridwe antchito a plunger zafotokozedwa muvidiyoyi:

Zida ziwiri za UTN

Anzanu analengedwa mu M'mimbamo, chifukwa chimene vavu kumaliseche amatsegula. Mafuta a dizilo amayenda mumtsinje wamafuta kupita kumphuno ndipo amakhala ndi atomu. Pampu imangopereka gawo lina lamafuta ku injector. Zotsalayo zimabwezeredwa mu thanki yamafuta kudzera pa valavu yokhetsa. Pofuna kuteteza mafuta kuti asabwerere m'dongosolo pamene supercharger itsegulidwa, valavu yoyika imayikidwamo.

Jekeseni mphindi anatsimikiza ndi zowalamulira centrifugal. Mawonekedwe owongolera (kapena onse-mode regulator) ndi omwe amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa batch yomwe adzagawire. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi gasi. Woyendetsa akaikakamiza, woyang'anira amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa gawo, ndipo akatulutsidwa, ndalamazo zimachepa.

Mumitundu yamagetsi, njira zonse zimayang'aniridwa ndi gawo lowongolera. Zamagetsi zimagawira mphindi yamafuta, kuchuluka kwake kutengera kusintha kwa galimoto. Makina amafuta awa amakhala ndi magawo ochepa, omwe amathandizira kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa makinawo.

Mapampu a jekeseni wamagetsi amatha kugawa gawoli m'magawo awiri, potero limapatsa kuyaka kosavuta komanso kosalala kwa gulu la pisitoni. Zotsatira zake, pali poizoni wocheperako komanso magwiridwe antchito a injini. Kuonetsetsa jakisoni wamagawo awiri, gawo loyang'anira pampu limalemba:

• Kukanikiza pachithandizira cha accelerator;
• Kusintha kwa nthawi ya camshaft;
• Kutentha pamakina oziziritsa injini;
• Kuthamanga kwa galimoto komweko;
• Kupsyinjika komwe kumapangidwa ndi turbocharger;
• Ntchito ya jakisoni;
• Kuwala kwa pulagi.

Mitundu ya jekeseni mpope

Machitidwe amafuta ali amitundu itatu:

• Kusinkhasinkha. Uku ndiye kusintha koyamba. Woimirayo poyamba anali carburetor. M'kati mwake, chisakanizo cha mpweya wamafuta chimakonzedwa ndikudyetsedwa muzambiri. Pambuyo pake, makina otere, m'malo mwa kabichi, adalandira khutu limodzi lomwe limalowetsa mafuta munthawi zambiri, pomwe amasakanikirana ndi mpweya;
• Jekeseni wa multipoint. Uwu kale ndi mtundu wa jakisoni. Jekeseni ya munthu aliyense imayikidwa pachilichonse pamiyeso yambiri. Jekeseniyo imathandizidwanso muzowonjezera zambiri, kokha pafupi kwambiri ndi valavu yolowera;
• Jekeseni mwachindunji. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, mafuta amapopera molunjika muzipilala pomwe mpweya uli mkati mwawo umapanikizidwa ndi pisitoni.

Zonse pamodzi, pali mitundu itatu ya njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamafuta amtundu uwu:

• Motsatana;
• Kufalitsa;
• Thunthu.

Mzere wa pump pump

Pampu ya jekeseni wa mzere imakhala ndi mapampu angapo omwe atsekeredwa mnyumba imodzi. Aliyense wa iwo akutumikira nozzle osiyana. Kusinthaku kunagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zakale za dizilo. Kugwira ntchito kwa makina onsewo kumadalira nthawi yoyendetsa.

Kusintha kwa intaneti kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa. Ngakhale magalimoto amakono (mathiraki) amakhala ndi mapampu otere. Chifukwa - kudalirika kwawo kwakukulu ndi kudzichepetsa ku mtundu wa injini ya dizilo.

Mzere wa mzerewu umagwira motere. Zida ziwiri zimayendetsedwa ndi kasinthasintha ka crankshaft. Kusintha kumodzi kwa camshaft kwa pampu kumagwirizana ndikusintha kwachiwiri kwa crankshaft ya injini.

Makina opopera kudzera pa valavu yodula mafuta ya mpope wothamanga amalekanitsa gawo lamafuta pamzere wamba ndikuwapanikiza pagawo lapanikizika. Kuchuluka kwa gawo kumayendetsedwa ndi bala yamano yolumikizidwa ndi phethilo la gasi. M'magalimoto omwe ali ndi ECU, amayang'aniridwa ndi servo drive yomwe imagwira kuzizindikiro kuchokera pagulu loyang'anira.

Nthawi ya jekeseni imatsimikizika ndi liwiro la crankshaft. Makinawa amakhala ndi zophatikizika ziwiri, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi akasupe. Liwiro la injini likakwera, akasupe amaponderezedwa, chifukwa chake shaft yamapampu imatembenuka pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa jekeseni pasadakhale.

Kufalitsa mtundu jekeseni mpope

Mosiyana ndi kusinthidwa koyambirira, mtundu uwu ndi wocheperako. Mulinso magwiridwe antchito. Pali zosintha zingapo za mapampu ogawa. Pali mitundu ya plunger ndi rotary. Amasiyana pamitundu yoyendetsa - mkati, kumapeto kapena malo akunja amakamu.

An kunja kamera pagalimoto si khola ndi odalirika. Chifukwa chake, ngati zingatheke, ndibwino kungoyang'ana mitundu iwiriyo.

Mapampu oterewa amatha msanga, chifukwa makina amodzi omwe amapangira ndodozo amatumizira miphutsi yonse ya gululo. Pankhaniyi, anzawo omwe ali mu mzere ali ndi maubwino. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo, mapampu a jakisoni wogawa amaikidwa pamafuta amgalimoto ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono.

Main jekeseni mpope

Mosiyana ndi zosintha ziwiri zam'mbuyomu, pampu yayikulu imapangitsa kuti pakhale mzere umodzi - womwe umatchedwa njanji yamafuta. Imagwira ngati chosakanikirana momwe mafuta amakhala osasunthika nthawi zonse.

Chifukwa chazochepera zamagawo ogawa, kusinthaku kwadzikhazikitsa ngati kodalirika kwambiri. Kukonza mapampu amtundu wa jekeseni sikuli kovuta kwenikweni. Kuchuluka kwa mlingo kumayang'aniridwa ndi valavu yamagetsi yokhayokha. Mapampu oterewa amaikidwa mumayendedwe amtundu wa Common Rail.

Kodi pali pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri pa injini ya mafuta?

Ngakhale kupopera kwenikweni kwa mapampu a jakisoni wamafuta kuli mu injini za dizilo, ma injini ambiri amakono amagwiranso ntchito popereka mafuta mopanikizika kwambiri. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu injini zoyaka zamkati ndi jekeseni wachindunji.

Ma injini a GDI amafunikira kuyika mapampu oterowo. M'malo mwake, dongosololi ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umaphatikiza kapangidwe ka mafuta oyaka amkati mkati ndi mfundo yoyendera ya dizilo. Kusiyana kokha ndikuti kuyatsa sikuli chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika, koma chifukwa cha mapulagi. Mu motors zotere, kusinthidwa kwa intaneti kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zovuta zazikulu

Ngakhale mapampu a jakisoni wamafuta amasiyana pamapangidwe awo, pali malamulo angapo ofunikira omwe mwiniwake wamagalimoto akuyenera kutsatira kuti pampu igwire nthawi yake:

1. Mapampu ambiri ndiopusitsika malinga ndi mafuta, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira zofunikira zomwe wopanga amapanga pampu inayake;
2. Chifukwa chakuvuta kwa kapangidwe ndi katundu yemwe ali pamakina, mapampu othamanga kwambiri amafunika kukonza pafupipafupi;
3. Magawo onse ozungulira komanso opukutira ayenera kuthiridwa mafuta, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a wopanga pakusankha mafuta.

Ngati simutsatira malamulowa, chipangizocho chimakhala chosagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, chomwe chidzafunika kuti chikonzedwe kapena kukonzedwa mtengo.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kusokonekera kwa mpope wa jekeseni (ndimachitidwe ena othandizira, zovuta zomwe zingakhale ndi mawonekedwe ofanana):

• Utsi wakuda mu utsi ndipo, chifukwa chake, umatulutsa mpweya wowopsa m'chilengedwe;
• Kuchuluka kwa mafuta (chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa mafuta);
• Dontho mu ICE mphamvu;
• Pakugwira ntchito kwa injini, phokoso la pampu limamveka;
• Zovuta zoyambira zamagalimoto;
• Lamba wanyengo nthawi zambiri amazembera;
• Kuthamanga kwa injini kosakhazikika.

Kulephera kofala kwambiri pazinthu zotere zamafuta ndikulephera kwa ma plunger. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mafuta osavomerezeka - chikwangwani chimadzikundikira pamalo, chomwe chimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa ziwalo. Komanso, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa makinawo ndi madzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amasungunuka mu thanki yamafuta. Pachifukwa ichi, sikoyenera kusiya galimoto ndi thanki yopanda kanthu usiku wonse.

Kukonza mapampu othamanga

Ngati sizovuta kukonza pampu wamba wamafuta - ndikwanira kugula zida zokonzera ndikusintha ziwalo zomwe zawonongeka, ndiye kukonza ndi kusintha pampu yamafuta ndi njira yovuta kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kusokonekera popanda zida zina. Kudziyesa nokha kwa mayendedwe amakono nthawi zambiri sikuthandiza.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti zizindikilo za kuwonongeka kwa mpope wamafuta ndizofanana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika mukamagawidwe ka gasi kapena mu dongosolo la utsi. Pazifukwa izi, kudzikonza pampu sikuvomerezeka. Kuti muchite izi, ndibwino kufunafuna thandizo kuchokera ku malo apadera othandizira.

Kuphatikiza apo, penyani kanemayo pothana ndi zolakwika ndikukonzanso mapampu amafuta othina:

Gawo 1 Kukonza mpope wamafuta ma 1.6 dizilo osokoneza mavuto

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi mapampu a jakisoni ndi ati? The in-line amadyetsa mafuta ku masilindala okhala ndi ma plungers osiyanasiyana. Thunthu - kwa batire kapena panjira. Kugawa - plunger imodzi ya masilindala onse pamlingo womwewo.

Kodi mpope wojambulira dizilo umagwira ntchito bwanji? Zimazikidwa pa mfundo ya plunger. Pampuyo ili ndi posungira pamwamba pa plunger awiri, momwe mafuta amapopera ndikugwiridwa mopanikizika.

Kodi mpope wobaya mafuta a dizilo ndi chiyani? Dizilo mafuta ayenera kulowa masilindala pa kuthamanga kangapo kuposa psinjika chiŵerengero. Ndi plunger awiri okha omwe amatha kupanga izi.