Kodi ma hubs ndi chiyani?

Malo opangira magalimoto ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chassis. Pa ntchito, amatenga katundu wolemera, komanso amapereka kugwirizana odalirika gudumu ndi kuyimitsidwa ndi ananyema mbali. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane zomwe ma hubs ndi, zida zawo ndi zovuta.

Chikhomo ndi chiyani 

Likulu ndi msonkhano umene umagwirizanitsa gawo lonyamula ndi kuyimitsidwa, kwa kusinthasintha kwaulere kwa gudumu. Mfundo ya ntchito ikuchitika ndi kunyamula odzigudubuza kuti amalola gudumu ndi ananyema chimbale kuti azungulire. Chifukwa cha kunyamula, gudumu limatha kuzungulira. Kutengera kusinthidwa, likulu limatha kuphatikizidwa ndi brake disc ndi ng'oma. Komanso, likulu lingaphatikizepo sensor ya ABS, ma wheel studs, zisa za ABS. Zosintha zosavuta za hub zimapangidwa mosiyana ndi kunyamula. 

Kodi likulu ndi chiyani?

Mosasamala kanthu za kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wa galimotoyo, gudumu lirilonse "limakhala" pachipindacho. Izi zimapangitsa kuti gudumu ndi chimbale chazitsulo zizizungulira poyerekeza ndi chiwongolero kapena mtanda pogwiritsa ntchito chonyamulira. Pankhani yoyendetsa matayala, malowa amapatsira makokedwe kudzera mumipando yazitsulo, chifukwa pamakhala ma splines apadera, momwe amayikiramo ma gearbox (shaft output). 

Chipangizo cha Hub

Poganizira kuti malowa amagwirira ntchito molemera kwambiri, nyumba zake zimapangidwa kuchokera kumtunda wolimba "wopanda". Kukula kwa malo ndi kukula kwa mphamvu zake kumawerengedwa popanga galimoto, yomwe imaganizira za kulemera kwa galimotoyo, kukula kwa mawilo, ndi liwiro la liwiro. Nthitiyi idapangidwa motere:

• Thupi lozungulira lakhala ndi mabowo olumikizira pamtengo kapena chiwongolero;
• kunja kwa phukusi pali mabowo a mabotolo kapena ma Stud, omwe amalowetsedwa mu chipindacho posindikiza;
• zimakhudza, monga ulamuliro, ndi awiri mzere wodzigudubuza, tapered mayendedwe (zazikulu ndi zazing'ono) ndi zochepa wamba;
• kupezeka kwa chisa ndi mawilo ozungulira magudumu (a dongosolo la ABS);
• zolimbitsa (gawo lamkati limakanikizidwa mu khola kapena lakunja).

Mawonekedwe okhazikika ndi makulidwe

Pachitsanzo chilichonse chagalimoto, opanga ma automaker amapereka makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Sitikulankhula za co-platformers (izi ndi zitsanzo zosiyana zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pa nsanja imodzi, mwachitsanzo, VAZ-2108,09,099 ili ndi mbali zambiri zomwezo).

Kutalika kwa hubu, ngakhale gawo lonyamula, zimatengera kukula kwa nthiti. Kuti mudziwe mawilo omwe angakhoze kukhazikitsidwa, pali chizindikiro monga hub diameter (DIA). M'malire okhazikika, mainchesi apakati komanso pakati pamalipiro amafanana bwino.

Ngati muyika gudumu ndi mpando wosayenera, ndiye kuti ngakhale mutakwanitsa kuchita izi, gudumu lidzagwedezeka paulendo. Pankhaniyi, oyendetsa amaika mphete za adaputala.

Makhalidwe a kumangirira likulu ku gudumu

Chingwecho chimamangiriridwa kuchitsulo chowongolera kapena mtengo (malingana ndi mtundu wa chassis) pogwiritsa ntchito chonyamulira (malingana ndi kusinthidwa, chikhoza kukhala chimodzi kapena ziwiri). Chingwe choyendetsa gudumu pakatikati chimayikidwa pazitsulo, zomwe zimakhazikika ndi mtedza. Amamangiriridwa ku thupi la ng'oma ya brake.

Chombo choyendetsa galimoto chimayikidwa mkati pa shaft yoyendetsa pogwiritsa ntchito spline. Mbali yakunja ya chonyamulirayo imakanikizidwa muzitsulo zowongolera. Pamagalimoto amakono, chodzigudubuza kapena tapered bear imayikidwa pakati pa hub ndi trunnion kapena mtengo. Chipindacho chimapangidwa kuchokera kuchitsulo cholimba cholimba chopanda kanthu, chomwe gawolo limapangidwa.

Mitundu ya ma hubs ndi mayendedwe

Mu mayendedwe a gudumu, chinthu chogudubuza ndi mpira kapena ma roller odzigudubuza. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu, chonyamulacho chimakhala mzere umodzi komanso mzere umodzi. Kawirikawiri matepi odzigudubuza amakhala mzere umodzi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe awiri mu likulu (laling'ono ndi lalikulu). Makina okhala ndi mizere iwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso kudalirika, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gwero lawo limatha kufikira makilomita mazana masauzande. 

Zojambulajambula - yogwiritsidwa ntchito, imafunika kukonzanso mafuta otentha nthawi ndi nthawi, chivundikiro choteteza chimafunika kuteteza dothi ndi chinyezi kuti zisalowe. Kusintha kwanthawi ndi nthawi kumafunika pomangitsa nati.

Kawiri mzere mayendedwe - osayang'aniridwa. Nthawi zambiri amasintha pamodzi ndi likulu. Kubereka kumatsekedwa kumbali zonse ziwiri ndi chivundikiro cha pulasitiki cholimba chodalirika. Sizingasinthidwe, ngati kusewera kukuchitika, kusinthidwa kumafunika.

Mahabu adagawika m'magulu atatu:

• kwa mawilo oyendetsa osayendetsedwa - okwera kumbuyo kwa ekseli yagalimoto, olumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi chitsulo chowongolera kapena chowongolera. Ili ndi ma splines amkati a shaft ya axle, yomwe imamangiriridwa ndi nati kumtunda;
• kwa mawilo oyendetsedwa osawongoleredwa - (mawilo akutsogolo) okwera kumbuyo kwa chitsulocho pomangirira mtengo kapena trunnion. Mtundu wa mayendedwe ndi ma hubs zimadalira kusinthidwa kwa galimoto (ikhoza kukhala imodzi yokhala ndi ng'oma kapena brake disc). Zimasiyana mu kapangidwe kosavuta;
• poyendetsa mawilo owongolera - ndi gawo lomwe limamangiriridwa pachiwongolero. Ili ndi dzenje lopindika la shaft ya axle, ndizotheka kukhala ndi sensor ya ABS. Pamagalimoto amakono, malowa ndi osakonza.

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro zakusokonekera kwa malo

Pakugwira ntchito kwa makina, malo ocheperako amakonda kutha pazifukwa izi:

• kuvala kwachilengedwe;
• Kuyika mawilo akulu kuposa momwe wopangirayo adalangizira (mbiri yotsika ya mphira, kukula kwazitali zazikulu);
• kuyendetsa galimoto pamsewu woyipa (cholumikizira chimakhudza);
• mankhwala osauka;
• Kulimbitsa kapena kufooka kumangiriza kwa bolt kapena mtedza.

Zizindikiro:

• phokoso lowonjezeka kuchokera ku gawo lotopa;
• galimoto limachoka;
• kuchuluka kugwedera pamene akuyendetsa.

Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kulephera kwakanthawi m'kupita kwanthawi, apo ayi kutsogolera kulandidwa kwake, komwe kuli kowopsa kwambiri kuthamanga kwambiri!

Malangizo amomwe mungadziwire ndikupeza vuto?

Chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha kulephera kwa hub ndi kung'ung'udza kwamphamvu komwe kumachokera pa liwiro la 40 km / h. Kuchuluka kwa hum kumawonjezeka molingana ndi liwiro. Galimoto iyenera kutumizidwa kuti ifufuze, kumene kupachika gudumu, kusuntha kozungulira, komanso kugwedeza, mbali ndi msinkhu wa kuvala zidzatsimikiziridwa. Mutha kugwedeza gudumu nokha popachika galimotoyo ndi jack.

Kusintha malowa sikovuta ngati ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha. Ndikokwanira kuchotsa gudumu, tambasula zomangira ziwiri zopezera chimbale chanyema, ndikutulutsa kanyumba kogwirira ntchito. Mavuto omwe angakhalepo amapezeka pamaso pa sensa ya ABS (cholumikizira chimayamba kuwawa).

Kutalikitsa moyo wa malo ocheperako ndikosavuta:

• mayunitsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yake kuti asinthe ndikukonzanso mafuta;
• yesetsani kupewa maenje ndi ziphuphu;
• mabuleki molondola pamaso pa zopinga (ma bampu othamanga, ndi zina), kutsitsa kuyimitsidwa;
• kukhazikitsa mawilo a kukula koyenera;
• pewani magawo osakwanira;
• kuwunika mayendedwe a gudumu, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chassis chonse.

Momwe mungasinthire kapena kukonza likulu?

Magudumu agalimoto m'galimoto amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe sichimalephera. Kwenikweni, kusinthika kapena kusweka kwa msonkhanowu kumachitika chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Chipindacho chiyeneranso kusinthidwa pokhapokha ngati sikungatheke kukanikiza kutulutsa, ndipo msonkhanowo sungathe kuyendetsedwanso chifukwa cha kuvala kwambiri. Ngati, chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa ntchito zawo, wogwira ntchito yomanga matayala adang'amba bolt kapena stud mu hub, ndipo sangathe kubowoleredwa kapena kumasulidwa mwanjira iliyonse, ndiye kuti malowa ayeneranso kusinthidwa.

Kukonzekera kwa chida

Kusintha likulu, makamaka gudumu lakutsogolo, kumafuna maluso ena ndi zida zapadera:

• Kusunga mphete chochotsa;
• chokoka chikho;
• Kupanikizika;
• screwdriver;
• Jack;
• zitsulo;
• Molotkov.

Kuti galimoto isadumphe pa jack pa nthawi ya ntchito, galimotoyo iyeneranso kukhazikika pa chipika kapena inshuwaransi ina. Ngati mukufuna kusintha hub kapena zotengera zake, muyenera kugula zida zatsopano zosinthira pasadakhale.

Kukonzekera makina

Galimoto yakwera. Ngati malo akutsogolo asinthidwa, ndiye kuti brake yamanja ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu chobwezera. Ngati nsonga yakumbuyo yasinthidwa, mawilo akutsogolo ayenera kuthandizidwanso ndi ma wheel chock (ngati mungoyika galimoto mu giya, imasunthirabe mtsogolo).

Kukonzekera gawo

Kenako, muyenera kumasula mabawuti a magudumu ndi nati ya hub. Ngati ulusi wake wakhazikika, ndipo sungathe kumasulidwa mwanjira ina iliyonse, mutha kudula mosamala m'mphepete (mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kubowola m'mphepete mwake ndi kubowola). Kenako, ndi chisel chosawoneka bwino, mtedza wonsewo umasunthidwa pang'ono (ndikokwanira kugunda chisel chomwe chimayikidwa mu slot yopangidwa ndi nyundo kangapo). Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti zisawononge ulusi umene mtedzawo umaponderezedwa.

Pambuyo pochotsa gudumu ndipo mtedza wa hub wachotsedwa, kapu yotetezera imachotsedwa ndi screwdriver. Pambuyo pake, brake caliper imachotsedwa. Imachotsedwa ku chimbale cha brake ndikusunthira kumbali.

Kenako, mayendedwe a mpira, nsonga zowongolera ndi zinthu zina zimachotsedwa ku trunnion kuti amasule chowongolero. Choyimitsidwa choyimitsidwa chimachotsedwa ndipo nsonga yomwe ili ndi nkhonya imachotsedwa. Pambuyo pake, mutha kusintha chimbalangondo kapena likulu lonse.

Njira zitatu zokonzera

Monga tanenera kale, likulu palokha pafupifupi konse kulephera. Nthawi zambiri imafunika kuthyoledwa kuti ilowe m'malo mwa gudumu. Pali njira zitatu zosinthira:

1. Kugwetsa chifanizirocho pogwiritsa ntchito chokoka chapadera popanda kuchotsa chiwongolero.
2. Kuchotsa katundu pambuyo pochotsa magazini. Pambuyo pake, imayikidwa mumtsuko, ndipo kubereka kumatulutsidwa.
3. Choyikacho chonsecho chimachotsedwa pamodzi ndi chowongolera chowongolera, pambuyo pake chiwongolerocho chimachotsedwa pamapangidwe omangidwa molakwika.

Iliyonse mwa zosankhazi ili ndi zoyenerera zake. Pachiyambi choyamba, palibe chifukwa chosinthira kutengerako mutatha kulowetsamo. Koma njira yosinthira gawolo idzakhala yovuta momwe mungathere.

Njira yachiwiri ndi yosavuta. Koma ndizomveka kuti mutatha kusintha chimbalangondo kapena hub, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kusintha kayendetsedwe ka galimoto. Musanachotse chiwongolero chowongolera, muyenera kuyikapo chizindikiro kuti mutha kuyiyika molondola pokhudzana ndi kuyimitsidwa. M'pofunikanso kulemba malo a bawuti kusintha. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwa iwo omwe akufunika kusintha ma gudumu omwe amagwirizana ndi kusinthidwa kwa mayendedwe a mpira, midadada opanda phokoso, etc.

Pochita izi, mosasamala kanthu za njira yomwe yasankhidwa, ndikofunika kugwira ntchito yochotsamo mosamala momwe mungathere kuti kugogoda kunja sikuwononge kanyumba ndi mbali za galimoto zapafupi. Kubereka kokha, pamene kuchotsedwa, nthawi zambiri kumawonongeka.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi njira yaying'ono ya momwe mungachotsere chubu kuchokera pachiwongolero popanda chokoka chapadera:

Njira yosavuta yochotsera chingwe chakutsogolo kuchokera pachowongolera

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi malo ogulitsira magalimoto ndi chiyani? Ndilo gawo la galimotoyo ya galimoto yomwe imagwirizanitsa gudumu kupita kutsinde. Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa malo ocheperako sikusiyana kwenikweni.

Kodi muli malo angati m'galimoto? Chiwerengero cha malo okwera mgalimoto chimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa matayala. Pali 4 mwa iwo m'galimoto zonyamula anthu. Ngati galimoto ili ndi mawilo awiri mbali imodzi ya nkhwangwa, ndiye kuti imayikidwa pamalo amodzi.

Kodi muyenera kusintha liti likulu? Kusintha kwachizolowezi sikuchitika. Zimasintha pokhapokha ngati pangawonongeke (kuthamanga kwambiri galimoto idalowa m'mbuna kapena pangozi), ngati gudumu latha, koma silingathe kukanikizidwa, komanso gudumu likagwa ( amisiri ena amatha kutulutsa sitamu yotsalayo pobowola, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali komanso khama).