Kodi magalimoto osokoneza magalimoto ndi chiyani?

Ndondomeko yamagalimoto

Zofunikira zachilengedwe zamagalimoto amakono zikuchulukirachulukira. Opanga magalimoto okha ndi omwe amatsata Euro 5. Ndi kuyamba kwa Euro 6. Makina osalowererapo. Monga chosinthira chothandizira, dizilo yamafuta osakanikirana ndi jekeseni wamafuta zakhala zida zofunikira kwambiri zomangira galimotoyo. Makina osinthira othandizira, omwe amatchedwanso kusankha kosankha othandizira, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto a dizilo kuyambira 2004. Makina osalowererapo amachepetsa milingo ya nitrogen oxides m'mipweya yotulutsa mpweya ndipo motero amalola kutsatira miyezo ya kutulutsa kwa Euro 5 ndi Euro 6. Makina osalowerera pagalimoto amaikidwa pamagalimoto, magalimoto ndi mabasi. Pakadali pano, makina othandizira othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto a Audi, BMW, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz ndi Volkswagen.

Kodi dongosolo la neutralization limaphatikizapo chiyani?

Dzinalo la dongosololi likuwonetsa kuti utsi wamafuta pambuyo pa chithandizo chimasankha. Zomwe zili ndi nitrogen oxides zokha zimachepa. Pazolinga zake, njira yothandizira othandizira ndi njira ina yothetsera utsi wamafuta. Kapangidwe kake, makina osankhika othandizira kuphatikiza matanki, pampu, mphuno, ndi chosakanizira. Kubwezeretsa chothandizira, dongosolo lamagetsi lamagetsi ndi makina otenthetsera. Neutralization ya nitrojeni oxides ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera, yomwe ndi yankho la 32,5% la urea. Pamalo awa, gawo lozizira kwambiri la yankho ndilofunikira kwambiri. Njira yothetsera urea yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dongosolo ili ili ndi dzina lamalonda la Adblu. Ichi ndi chosungira chapadera chomwe chimayikidwa mgalimoto ndikusungira madzi a Adblu.

Zomwe zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa thankiyo

Kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa akasinja kumatsimikizika ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mphamvu ya injini. Kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamadzimadzi ndi 2-4% yamafuta. Pampu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupezera madzimadzi ku nozzle pamavuto ena. Imayendetsedwa ndi magetsi ndikuyika mwachindunji mu thanki ya chipangizocho. Mapampu osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula chipangizocho, monga magiya. Valavu ya solenoid yosabwezera imaphatikizidwa ndi mzere wotulutsa wa dongosolo la neutralization. Mukazimitsa galimoto, valavu ya injini imalola kuti urea ipopedwe kuchokera pamzere kubwerera ku thankiyo. Nozzle imayika kuchuluka kwakumwa kwamadzi mu chitoliro cha utsi. Mphuno yotsatira, yomwe ili mu chubu chowongolera, ndi chosakanizira chomwe chimagaya madontho amadzi omwe amatuluka. Zomwe zimazungulira mpweya wotulutsa utsi kuti usakanikirane bwino ndi urea.

Chipangizo chosokoneza magalimoto

Phukusi lotsogolera limathera ndi chothandizira chochepetsera chomwe chimakhala ndi chisa cha zisa. Makoma othandizira amakhala okutidwa ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandizira kuchepetsa ma oxide a nayitrogeni monga mkuwa zeolite ndi vanadium pentoxide. Dongosolo lamagetsi lamagetsi mwachizolowezi limakhala ndi masensa olowetsera, olamulira ndi othandizira. Zowongolera pazowongolera zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa madzimadzi, kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi ndi masensa a urea. Nitric okusayidi sensa ndi utsi mpweya kutentha sensa. Chojambulira cha urea chimayang'anira kuthamanga komwe kumapangidwa ndi mpope. Chojambulira cha urea chimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa urea m'thanki. Zambiri pamlingo komanso kufunika konyamula makina zikuwonetsedwa pa dashboard ndipo zimatsagana ndi siginecha ya mawu. Sensor ya kutentha imayeza kutentha kwa urea.

Injini amazilamulira

Masensa omwe adatchulidwayo amaikidwa mu gawo lothandizira madzi mu thanki. Nitrogeni okusayidi sensa imazindikira zomwe zili ndi nayitrogeni mu mpweya wa utsi pambuyo poti atembenuke. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pambuyo pothandizira. Chotenthetsera cha gasi chotulutsa chimayambitsanso njira yolowera mosalekeza pomwe mpweya wotulutsa utsi umafika 200 ° C. Zizindikiro zochokera pama sensa olowera zimatumizidwa ku gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi, lomwe ndi gawo loyang'anira injini. Malinga ndi ma aligorivimu omwe adakhazikitsidwa, othandizira ena amathandizidwa poyang'anira zowongolera. Pump mota, jekeseni wamagetsi wamagetsi, yang'anani valavu yamagetsi. Zizindikiro zimatumizidwanso ku gawo lowongolera kutentha.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito njira yosinthira magalimoto

Njira yothetsera urea yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dongosolo lino imakhala ndi malo ozizira pansipa -11 ° C ndipo kutentha kumafunika pamikhalidwe ina. Ntchito yotentha ya urea imagwiridwa ndi dongosolo losiyana lomwe limakhala ndi masensa otentha kwamadzi ndi kutentha kwakunja. Gawo loyang'anira ndi zinthu zotenthetsera. Kutengera mawonekedwe amachitidwe, zinthu zotenthetsera zimayikidwa mu thanki, pampu ndi payipi. Madzi amadzimadzi amayamba kutentha kozungulira kumakhala pansi -5 ° C. Makina osankhira othandizira othandizira amagwira ntchito motere. Madzi obayidwa kuchokera ku nozzle amatengedwa ndi mtsinje wa utsi, wosakanizika ndikusandulika. M'dera lomwe lili kumtunda kwa chothandizira chochepetsera, urea yawonongeka ndi ammonia ndi carbon dioxide. Pogwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, ammonia imagwirizana ndi nayitrogeni oxides kuti apange nayitrogeni wopanda vuto ndi madzi.