Kodi transfer ndi chiyani? Werengani zambiri za kutumiza pano.

Tikuganiza kuti oyendetsa onse amadziwa kuchuluka kwa zomwe gearbox mu galimoto amachita, koma mwina si aliyense akudziwa mmene kwenikweni ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso masinthidwe a gearbox. Werengani zambiri apa ndikuphunzira momwe magiya amagwirira ntchito.

Kutumiza ndiye gawo lalikulu lagalimoto yanu. Imayikidwa mwachindunji pa injiniyo ndipo imatembenuza mphamvu yoyaka moto ya injini kukhala chisonkhezero chomwe chimayendetsa mawilo.

Bokosi lamagetsi udindo woyendetsa bwino. Posintha magiya, mumawonetsetsa kuti RPM (rpm) imakhala yotsika kuti injini isalemedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumachepetsedwa. Kutumizako kumayang'anira kutembenuza liwiro ndi mphamvu kukhala mphamvu, zomwe zimayendetsa galimoto yonseyo, ndipo cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupangitsa injini kukhala yothandiza kwambiri pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pomwe ikupeza mphamvu zambiri.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kupatsirana kumagwira ntchito posamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita ku mawilo kudzera pa shaft yoyendetsa ndi axle, kukulolani kuyendetsa galimoto.

Zonsezi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito magiya ndi magiya omwe dalaivala amasankha okha kapena pamanja.

Mgalimoto yokhala ndi ma transmission manual, zowalamulira adzalumikiza injini ndi kufala kotero inu mukhoza kusintha magiya pamene inu akanikizire zowalamulira pedal. MU zida zamagetsi zokha, izi zimachitika zokha.

Mu bukhu lautumiki mutha kuwona liti nthawi kusintha mafuta gear. Ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonza magalimoto aliwonse ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuphatikizidwa pakuwunika kwautumiki. Ngakhale zinthu zazing'ono zimatha kuwononga kwambiri gearbox. Chifukwa chake, mukaona kuti sikuyenda monga kale, muyenera kuyimbira makaniko kuti auwone.

Inu ngati mwaganiza zokonza gearbox nokha, nayi kalozera.

Ngati mwatsala pang'ono kugula galimoto, zingakhale bwino kuganizira za gearbox yomwe mungasankhe, chifukwa magalimoto ena ali nawo. Munkhaniyi, tikuthandizani kuti muyambe kupanga chisankho choyenera. Tikuthandizaninso kumvetsetsa mitundu yambiri ya ma gearbox omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto amasiku ano komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Kutumiza kwapamanja vs kufala kodziwikiratu

Galimoto yokhala ndi ma giya 5 kapena 6 otsogola ndi giya 1, pomwe dalaivala amasuntha, pomwe magalimoto okhala ndi zodziwikiratu amangosintha zokha.

Eni magalimoto aku Britain mwamwambo komanso makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito ma transmissions apamanja. Makina oyendetsa galimoto amayerekezera kuti pafupifupi 80% ya zombo zonse za ku Britain zili ndi kufalitsa kwamanja. Komabe, pazaka 30 zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto otengera magalimoto pamsewu wakula kwambiri.

Mu 1985 5% yokha ya magalimoto British anali ndi kufala basi ndi lero 20% magalimoto ndi kufala basi. Mu 2017 40% yamagalimoto omwe amagulitsidwa pamsika waku UK anali ndi zotengera zokha. - kotero a British akuzolowera kwambiri kufalitsa kwamtunduwu.

Ubwino woyendetsa galimoto yodziwikiratu ndi yakuti, simuyenera kusintha magiya nkomwe. Ndi za kutonthozedwa. Makamaka poyendetsa mumsewu, ndizabwino kwambiri kukhala ndi ma transmission basi kuti musakhale ndi chidwi ndikusintha magiya.

Komabe, ngati inu kugula galimoto ndi kufala Buku, mudzasangalala kumverera kulamulira ndi kugwira pamene kusuntha magiya. eni magalimoto ambiri amakonda kumva kukhala ndi kufala pamanja. Kupatula apo, kwa magalimoto ena zimaonekanso ngati kufala Buku ndi otsika mtengo kukhalabe m'kupita kwanthawi.

Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi - momwe kumagwirira ntchito

Kutumiza "kozolowereka" kumayendetsedwa ndimagetsi mu gearbox ndikuyendetsedwa ndi hydraulic system. Ndipo popeza gearbox lakonzedwa kuti kusintha kwa giya latsopano pamene kusintha liwiro la galimoto, zimatanthauzanso kuti chuma mafuta a kufala basi ndi zabwino.

Monga dzina likunenera, woyendetsa galimoto sayenera kusintha magiya pamanja. Zosintha zodziwika bwino za lever ndi P wa paki, R wa reverse, N wosalowerera, ndi D woyendetsa.

Werengani zambiri pa blog yathu pa mmene kuyendetsa ndi kufala basi.

Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa kuti pakati pa giya pali cogwheel yayikulu - "gear sun" - yomwe imatumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku injini. Pa gudumu la giya pali magiya ang'onoang'ono angapo otchedwa mapulaneti (ofanana ndi mapulaneti ozungulira dzuwa). Amakhala ndi kukula kosiyana, ndipo amathanso kulumikizidwa ndikulekanitsidwa. Kuzungulira iwo ndi zida zina zazikulu zomwe zimatumiza mphamvu kuchokera ku mapulaneti, zomwe zimasamutsira mphamvu kumawilo. Ma Gearshifts amapezeka pakusintha kosasunthika pakati pa magiya osiyanasiyana a mapulaneti, kupanga kukwera kosalala komanso kodekha kuposa ngati mutasiya ndikuyika clutch ndi magiya apamanja.

Mwachitsanzo, magalimoto ambiri Ford ali ndi mtundu wa kufala wodziwikiratu wotchedwa Power Shift. Izi zimagwira ntchito popangitsa kuti magiya ayankhe bwino kwambiri kukanikiza chiwongolerocho kotero kuti amakoka bwino, kotero ngati mukakamiza kwambiri pa liwiro, galimotoyo imatha kuthamanga bwinoko komanso mwachangu.

Kuphatikiza apo, pamsika pali bokosi la gear la CVT (Continuous Variable Transmission). Amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa unyolo umodzi kapena lamba, womwe umasinthidwa pakati pa ng'oma ziwiri malinga ndi liwiro ndi kusintha. Choncho, potengera izi zodziwikiratu, kusintha kumakhala kosavuta kuposa momwe zilili ndi gearbox yokhala ndi magiya ndi ma shafts.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kukonza pafupipafupi kufala kwathunthu kwagalimoto. Ichi ndi chifukwa kufala ndi sachedwa kuwonongeka mwachindunji ndi kuvala pa nthawi kuposa kufala Buku kumene zowalamulira sachedwa kuvala. Kuti muwunikenso ntchito, zotengera zodziwikiratu ziyenera kutsukidwa kuti zichotsedwe ndi zoyipa zina zokhudzana ndi kuvala mumafuta otumizira.

Semi automatic transmission

Mu semi-automatic transmission, clutch ikadali gawo la kufalitsa (koma osati chopondapo), pomwe kompyuta imasunga zida kuti zizisuntha zokha.

Momwe ma semi-automatic transmission amagwirira ntchito ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi galimoto kupita ku galimoto. M'magalimoto ena, simumachita kalikonse mukasuntha magiya ndipo mutha kulola injini ndi zamagetsi kukuchitirani ntchito zonse.

Mwa zina, muyenera "kuuza" injini pamene mukufuna upshift kapena downshift. Mukukankhira cholozera cholowera komwe mukufuna, ndiyeno zamagetsi zimakusinthirani magiya. Kusintha kwenikweni kumapangidwa mu zomwe zimatchedwa "amayendetsa".

Pomaliza, magalimoto ena amakupatsani mwayi wosankha nokha ngati mukufuna kukhala opanda manja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito lever yosinthira kusintha magiya.

Kuchokera pazachuma, kugula galimoto yokhala ndi semi-automatic transmission kungakhale kopindulitsa chifukwa kumafuna kusamalidwa pang'ono pakapita nthawi. Ngati china chake chasweka pamagetsi odziwikiratu, makanikayo amayenera kulowa mkati mozama kuti akonze, zomwe zitha kukhala zodula. Ndi ma semi-automatic transmissions, muli ndi clutch yomwe imavala kwambiri, osati gearbox, ndipo clutch ndiyotsika mtengo kukonzanso kuposa gearbox.

Magalimoto omwe amakhala ndi ma semi-automatic transmissions Peugeot, Citroen, Volkswagen, Audi, Škoda и mpando. Zachidziwikire, mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kukhala ndi kapangidwe kake ka gearbox, koma izi ndi mtundu wamagalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito semi-automatic system.

Zithunzi za DSG

The DSG kufala ndi mtanda pakati pa Buku ndi kufala basi chifukwa galimoto ali zowalamulira. Izi ndizosiyana ndi makina ena odziwikiratu. Palibe clutch pedal, koma ntchito ya clutch yokha imasungidwa mu clutch yapawiri, yomwe imatsimikizira kusintha kosavuta komanso kofulumira.

Gearbox iyi imapezeka kwambiri m'magalimoto a Audi, Škoda ndi Volkswagen motero makamaka m'magalimoto akuluakulu aku Germany.

Ena mwa mavuto ndi DSG kufala ndi kuti muyenera kusamala za kukonza kwake. Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito kutumiza kwa DSG ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mafuta a gearbox ndi fyuluta yamafuta asinthidwa, ikhoza kukhala kwa nthawi yochepa poyerekeza ndi mauthenga a pamanja. Ndi zofunika kukhala nazo kuyendera utumiki aliyense 38,000 mailosi monga magiya mu gearbox akhoza kuonongeka ndi kuvala fumbi ndi madipoziti.

Kutumiza kotsatana

Magalimoto ena alinso ndi gearbox yotsatizana pomwe, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, muyenera kusintha zida zilizonse kaya mukukwera kapena kutsika. Chifukwa chake mumasuntha magiya motsatizana pa magiya, ndipo mosiyana ndi magiya amanja, mutha kungosintha kupita kugiya yomwe imabwera isanayambe kapena itatha. Izi ndichifukwa choti magiya ali pamzere, mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a H omwe mumawadziwa kuchokera pamakina amanja. Pomaliza, mwayi ndikuti mutha kusintha magiya mwachangu ndikuthamangitsa mwachangu, chifukwa chake ma gearbox otsatizana amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto ambiri othamanga.

Kuwongolera kosintha kogwira

Posachedwa, Hyundai adapanga njira yabwino yotumizira magalimoto osakanizidwa. Galimoto yosakanizidwa ndi yapadera chifukwa ili ndi mafuta onse ndi injini yamagetsi. Ubwino wawukulu wa galimotoyi ndikuti umagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi panthawi yomwe magalimoto wamba amafuta amawononga mafuta ambiri, makamaka akamayamba ndikuthamanga.

Mwanjira ina: mafuta akamamwa kwambiri, galimoto yosakanizidwa imagwiritsa ntchito mota yamagetsi. Izi zimapereka mafuta abwino komanso abwino kwa chilengedwe.

Komabe, ukadaulo wa Active Shift Control umachita zambiri pakuchepetsa mafuta, kusuntha ndi kufalitsa moyo wautali. Pankhaniyi, mathamangitsidwe amakhala bwino.

Uwu ndi udindo wa dongosolo la ASC, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Precise Shift Control, lomwe limakulitsa kuthamanga komanso kusamutsa mphamvu kumawilo mwa kukhathamiritsa liwiro losuntha. Izi zimatheka ndi sensa mu mota yamagetsi yomwe imazindikira kuthamanga mu gearbox, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi mota yamagetsi. Uyu ndiye amalowererapo posintha magiya. Mwanjira iyi, kutaya mphamvu mpaka 30% kumatha kupewedwa chifukwa chakusintha kosavuta, pomwe mota yamagetsi imasunga kuthamanga kwagalimoto nthawi yonseyi. Nthawi yosinthira imachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 500 milliseconds mpaka 350 milliseconds, ndipo kukangana mu gearbox kumakhala kochepa, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wautumiki.

Ukadaulowu ukuyambitsidwa koyamba mu magalimoto osakanizidwa a Hyundai kenako ndi mitundu yokhazikitsidwa ya Kia.

Zonse zokhudza gearbox / transmission

• Pangani kutumiza kwanu kukhalitsa
• Kodi ma automatic transmission ndi chiyani?
• Mtengo wabwino kwambiri poyendetsa ndi ma transmission automatic
• Momwe mungasinthire zida