Kodi kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu yambiri, chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito
Zamkatimu
Kusamalira magalimoto mumikhalidwe yovuta pa liwiro lalikulu kunayamba kuthetsedwa pamene mphamvu ya injini inasiya kukhala vuto. Zinawonekeratu kuti kuyimitsidwa koyenera kuchokera pamalingaliro awa kudzakhala mtundu wamitundu iwiri ya parallelogram. Ma geometry osankhidwa bwino a ma levers adapangitsa kuti zitheke kusungitsa kulumikizana kwabwino kwa gudumu ndi msewu.
Koma palibe malire a ungwiro, ndipo ngakhale chiwembu chatsopanocho chinayamba kukhala ndi zolakwika zobadwa nazo, makamaka, chiwongolero cha parasitic panthawi yokweza magudumu pamakona. Ndinayenera kupita patsogolo.
Chifukwa chiyani kuyimitsidwa kumatchedwa multi-link
Kuwongolera kwa kuyimitsidwa kwapawiri kumafuna kuwonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera zomwe zimagwira pa ma wheel hubs m'makona kwa omwe alipo.
Ndizotheka kulenga iwo mwa kukhazikitsa ma levers atsopano mu kuyimitsidwa, ndi kusintha kwina kwa kinematics omwe alipo. Chiwerengero cha ma levers chinakula, ndipo kuyimitsidwa kumatchedwa Multi-link (Multilink).
makhalidwe a
Mtundu watsopano wa kuyimitsidwa wapeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri:
- manja apamwamba ndi apansi adalandira mapangidwe osakanikirana, aliyense wa iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu ndodo zosiyana, ndipo zotsatira zosafunikira za ufulu zinalipidwa ndi ndodo zowonjezera ndi zokankhira;
- kudziyimira pawokha kwa kuyimitsidwa kwasungidwa, komanso, zakhala zotheka kuwongolera padera ma angles a mawilo, malingana ndi malo awo omwe alipo muzitsulo;
- ntchito zoperekera kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zopingasa zitha kugawidwa pazigawo zosiyana;
- pongowonjezera ma levers olunjika mu ndege yomwe mukufuna, zidakhala zotheka kukonza njira iliyonse ya gudumu.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, makhalidwe onse abwino a ma levers awiri a katatu adasungidwa, makhalidwe atsopano adakhala odziimira okhawo omwe alipo.
Chiwembu ndi chipangizo cha kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo
Zonsezi zinayamba ndi kusintha kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa gudumu lakumbuyo. Chilichonse chinali chabwino ndi akutsogolo, chifukwa dalaivala mwiniyo amatha kukhudza mbali zake mwachangu.
Chinthu choyamba chosasangalatsa cha kuyimitsidwa koyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha chinali kusintha kwa ngodya zala zala chifukwa cha kutsata kwachilengedwe kwa ma levers a katatu pama block opanda phokoso.
Mwachilengedwe, m'magalimoto apadera othamanga, mahinji olimba adagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma izi zidachepetsa chitonthozo, ndipo sizinathetse vutoli. Zinali zofunikira kupanga ma subframes okhwima kwambiri, matupi, omwe ndi osavomerezeka m'magalimoto a anthu wamba. Zinakhala zosavuta kuwonjezera chiwongolero china chomwe chimalipira kuzungulira kwa gudumu, ndikupanga torque yosiyana.
Lingalirolo linagwira ntchito, pambuyo pake zotsatira zake zidakulitsidwanso mwa kutembenuza ma parasitic oversteer kukhala andale, kapena osakwanira. Izi zinathandiza kuti galimotoyo ikhale yokhazikika, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yotheka kuipotoza mozungulira bwino chifukwa cha chiwongolero.
Zomwezo zabwino zimaperekedwa ndikusintha camber ya gudumu pakugwira ntchito kwa kuyimitsidwa koyenera. Mainjiniya ali ndi chida chabwino chomwe chidatha kusinthira kuyimitsidwa.
Pakalipano, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito ma levers asanu mbali iliyonse ya chitsulo cholumikizira ndi makompyuta owerengeka akuyenda kwa magudumu pakati pa nsonga zapatsogolo ndi kubwereranso kuyimitsidwa. Ngakhale kuti kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa mtengo, chiwerengero cha levers akhoza kuchepa.
Chiwembu ndi chipangizo cha kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo
Kutsogolo kwa multilink kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Izi sizofunikira kwenikweni, koma opanga ena akugwira ntchito motere.
Makamaka kusintha kusalala kwa kukwera, kupanga kuyimitsidwa kwambiri zotanuka, pokhalabe controllability. Monga lamulo, zonse zimabwera ku zovuta za mapangidwe a dera ndi zitsulo ziwiri za katatu.
Mwachidziwitso, iyi ndi parallelogram wamba, koma pafupifupi dongosolo la ma levers odziyimira pawokha okhala ndi mahinji ake komanso ntchito zake. Palibe njira imodzi pano. M'malo mwake, titha kulankhula zochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito mavane owongolera ovuta ku makina a premium.
Momwe Multilink imagwirira ntchito
Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya kuyimitsidwa, gudumu silingakhudzidwe kokha ndi mphamvu zonyamula zomwe zimapondereza kasupe, kunja kwa kuzungulira kwa gudumu, komanso ndi mphamvu zautali panthawi ya braking kapena kuthamanga mosinthana.
Gudumu limayamba kupatuka kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kutengera chizindikiro cha kuthamanga. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, mbali ya chala cha mawilo am'mbuyo imayamba kusintha.
Chowonjezera chowonjezera cha Multilink, chokhazikitsidwa pamtunda wina, chimatha kusintha chala. Magudumu odzaza amatembenuka m'njira yoti akwaniritse kuchotsedwa kwa parasitic kwa ndege yozungulira. Makinawa amabwezeretsanso mawonekedwe ake oyambira.
Ntchito zina zonse zamagawo oyimitsidwa ndizofanana ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wodziyimira pawokha. Chinthu chotanuka mu mawonekedwe a kasupe, telescopic hydraulic shock absorber ndi anti-roll bar amagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi.
Zochita ndi Zochita
Monga makina aliwonse ovuta, kuyimitsidwa kwamalumikizidwe angapo kumagwira ntchito zonse zomwe zidapangidwira:
- magalimoto okhala ndi Multilink amawongolera bwino kwambiri, chigamba cholumikizirana ndi msewu nthawi zonse chimakhala chachikulu momwe ndingathere, chikoka cha mphamvu zosafunikira zam'mbali chimachepetsedwa, ndipo mphamvu zabwino zimawonekera munthawi yake ndikuwongolera bwino pakuyimitsidwa;
- kuyimitsidwa kumapereka chitonthozo chomwe chimachitika munjira iliyonse yodziyimira payokha, kumachepetsa osati kuthamanga kwa thupi kokha, komanso kugwedezeka kwapambuyo pomwe kugunda mabampu pamakona, zinthu zambiri zotanuka zimagwira ntchito bwino kugwedezeka kwazing'ono;
- kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi kusungika bwino, zotchingira zonse ndi mahinji zimakhala zokhazikika ndipo zimatha kusweka paokha kuti zisinthidwe;
- kuyimitsidwa nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwa ndi subframe, yomwe imalola kuti ikhale yotalikirana ndi thupi;
- Kutalikirana m'malo a ma levers onse ndi kasinthidwe kawo kosagwirizana (kungoyang'ana kocheperako komwe kumakhala kofunikira) kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusonkhanitsa mayunitsi oyendetsa kumbuyo.
Choyipa, kwenikweni, ndi chimodzi - zovuta kwambiri, motero mtengo wake. Popanga komanso kukonza, popeza mahinji ambiri ovala amatha kusinthidwa.
Ndizopanda phindu kuyika mwa iwo malire owonjezereka a chitetezo, kuwonjezera kwa misala yosasunthika kumachulukitsidwa ndi chiwerengero cha levers.
Zomwe zili bwino, Torsion mtengo, MacPherson strut kapena Multi-link
Palibe mulingo wokwanira wamitengo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyimitsidwa; iliyonse ili ndi malire ake m'makalasi ena ndi magulu amagalimoto. Ndipo malingaliro a opanga nthawi zambiri amasintha pakapita nthawi.
Kuyimitsidwa ndikosavuta, kokhazikika, kotsika mtengo komanso koyenera kwa magalimoto otsika mtengo kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sichidzapereka kulamulira kwangwiro, komanso chitonthozo chapamwamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito subframe, yomwe mtengo wa torsion sufunikira.
Posachedwapa, pakhala kubwereranso ku kuyimitsidwa kosavuta, ngakhale mu zitsanzo zomwe maulalo ambiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Opanga amaona kuti n'kosafunika kuti akwaniritse zofuna za atolankhani otsogola agalimoto, zomwe sizimamveka bwino kwa ogula wamba.
Zotheka zotheka za kuyimitsidwa kwa multi-link
Ngakhale kuti zikuwoneka zovuta, kugwira ntchito kwa maulalo ambiri sikufuna chilichonse chapadera kuchokera kwa mwiniwake. Zonse zimatengera kusinthika kwanthawi zonse kwa mahinji owonongeka, kuchuluka kwawo kokha komwe kumayambitsa zovuta.
Koma pali chapadera, kokha izi kuyimitsidwa chibadidwe vuto. Ma levers ambiri chifukwa chofuna kuchepetsa misa yawo yonse sakhala amphamvu mokwanira. Makamaka akapangidwa ndi zitsulo zotayidwa kuti aziwongolera.
Mabampu ochokera kumabampu mumsewu amatha kugwa mwangozi kumbali yolakwika, akazindikiridwa ndi chowunikira chimodzi chokha komanso chofooka.
Chitsulocho ndi chopunduka, galimotoyo imayamba kutha mphira mwachangu ndipo imataya mphamvu. Izi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa makamaka. Miyendo yamphamvu ndi zoledzera ziwiri ndizochepa kwambiri kuchita izi.
Zina zonse za kuyimitsidwa chisamaliro ndizofanana ndi mitundu ina yonse. Zotulutsa zotulutsa zotumphukira, akasupe ofowoka kapena osweka, ma struts ovala ndi ma stabilizer bushings amatha kusinthidwa.
Pambuyo pochitapo kanthu pakuyimitsidwa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndikubwezeretsanso ngodya zoyambira zamagudumu, zomwe zowongolera zowongolera kapena ma eccentric bolts amapangidwa muzitsulo.
