Kodi kit ndi chiyani ndi mndandanda wamitundu yotchuka

M'dziko lamagalimoto, magalimoto ophatikizika ndi manja nthawi zonse amakhala amtengo wapatali. Nthawi zambiri makope otere amapangidwa ndi opanga makina mumitundu yochepa kwambiri. Bentley Mulliner Bacalar, mwachitsanzo, aziphatikiza pamanja ndipo zitsanzo za 12 zokha za Britain wokongola wosinthidwayo ndizopangidwa.

Masewera ndi ma hypercars am'badwo watsopano kapena omwe adalipo kale m'mbiri nthawi zonse amawononga ndalama zabwino kwambiri. Pazifukwa izi, ndi munthu wolemera kwambiri yekha amene amatha kuyika galimoto yamasewera m'garaja yake.

Ngakhale kuti magalimoto osowa ndi okwera mtengo, woyendetsa galimoto wamakono amatha kugula seti yapadera ndikupanga mtundu womwe suli wosiyana ndi woyambirira. Ndi galimoto yotereyi, mutha kuwonetsa pamaso pa gulu losiririka kapena kumva momwe zingakhalire kumbuyo kwa gudumu lachilendo. Ndemangayi ikuyang'ana kwambiri magalimoto achigawenga.

Kodi zida zamagalimoto zimatanthauzanji

Mwachidule, galimoto yamagalimoto ndi galimoto yosokonezedwa m'magawo ena ndikunyamula m'mabokosi. Pogula zida zotere, woyendetsa galimoto amayenera kupanga galimoto yake yekha. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimulola kuti adziwane bwino ndi chipangizochi, ndipo mbali inayi, ndi mwayi wopeza mtundu wapadera womwe uli ndi zochepa kapena zochepa kwambiri.

Lingaliro loti kusonkhana kwa mayendedwe ndikotheka kukhala wogula lidawonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo. Chifukwa chake, mu 1912, kampani yopanga ku America ya Lad's Car idapatsa makasitomala ake galimoto yosokonekera. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa analogue yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa kale inali $ 20, yomwe masiku ano ndi $ 500.

Galimotoyi inakhalanso yosowa, chifukwa chitsanzo ndi injini ya mahatchi atatu sanagulitse komanso momwe wopanga anakonzera. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali kutuluka kwa chitukuko chatsopano cha American brand Ford. Werengani zambiri za lingaliro lomwe lidayambitsa kukonzanso magalimoto, werengani osiyana review.

Poyamba, lingaliro loti apange keti yamagalimoto lidachitika chifukwa cha mwayi wofuna chidwi kwa kasitomala pogula galimoto yotsika mtengo, ndikupulumutsa pamsonkhano wawo. Wogula amalandila zojambula mwatsatanetsatane, malinga ndi momwe amatha kupangira zinthu zonse payokha. Koma pomwe wonyamula zidaonekera, panalibe chifukwa chochepetsera mtengo wamagalimoto motere. Lingaliro ili layiwalika mpaka koyambirira kwa theka lachiwiri la XNUMXth century.

Panthawiyo, oyendetsa galimoto amatha kugula galimoto yatsopano osayembekezera kuti akwaniritse zonse zomwe anali nazo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha mpikisano wa opanga makina, mitundu yosangalatsa idawonekera pamsika, zomwe zidakakamiza ogula kuti asinthe magalimoto atsopano ndikupereka zakale zawo kumalo otayidwa pansi.

Makampani omwe amatenga magalimoto akale anali kusanja magalimoto omwe anali oyenera kugwira ntchito. Mbali zina zidatumizidwa kukapangidwanso, koma zina zimatha kukonzedwa. Amisiri adabwezeretsa mayunitsi onse, adang'ambika thupi kukhala mbali zake, ndikupanga magulu osiyanasiyana, omwe adagulitsidwa m'masitolo ofanana.

Wogula amene sangakwanitse kugula galimoto yatsopano amatha kugula galimoto yotere ndikuyiphatikiza molingana ndi zojambulazo. Magalimoto oyendetsa zida anali otchuka kwambiri ku England. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, munali misonkho yayikulu pamagalimoto mdziko muno, koma magalimoto athunthu, koma magalimoto osungunuka adakhomeredwa misonkho malinga ndi gridi ina - ngati magalimoto. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mitundu yapaderayi ipezeke mosavuta kwa ogula omwe amapeza ndalama zapakati.

Kuphatikiza pa makampani ogulitsa magalimoto, opanga magalimoto ena akulu agwiritsanso ntchito njira yomweyo kukopa makasitomala ambiri. Mmodzi mwa "omanga" awa amatha kuyitanidwa ndi makalata. Bokosi lirilonse limatha kuphatikiza thupi lomwe lidasungunuka, ziwalo za injini, chisisi, kufalitsa, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa cha msonkhano wosamalitsa, kasitomala adalandira, mwachitsanzo, Lotus Elan.

Kwenikweni, zida zotere zimakhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za mtundu wa bajeti, mwachitsanzo, Volkswagen Beetle. Chifukwa chake, kasitomala adalandira galimoto yofuna kutchipa pamtengo wotsika mtengo, koma mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino. Inde, magalimoto oterewa sanasiyane ndimphamvu, koma nthawi zonse amawoneka owoneka bwino.

Makampani ena agalimoto adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagalimoto, chifukwa ochepa ndi omwe amatha kugula supercar yotsika mtengo, koma makasitomala ambiri amatha kugula yankho logwirizana ndi mayunitsi osagwira bwino ntchito. Wotchuka kwambiri anali chithunzi cha galimoto yodzikongoletsa ya AC Cobra kapena Lotus Elan yemweyo.

Kupambana pamunda wopanga opanga magalimoto adapangidwa ndi Colin Chapman, ngwazi ya nthawi 7 ya chikho chomanga F-1 (1963-78). Adalemba buku momwe mungapangire galimoto yanu yamasewera yomangidwa ndi manja kwa madola mazana angapo. Adapereka chiwembu pamaziko omwe mafelemu amalo a magalimoto onse amapangidwabe.

Kampani yopanga nangumi imapeza layisensi yopanga mafelemu amgalimoto. Zimapanga dongosolo lomwe limagawika pomwe magawo ochokera kwa woperekayo adayikidwapo. Poterepa, nthawi zambiri amatenga galimoto yama bajeti yokhala ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino, koma ngati woyendetsa galimoto sakufuna zakunja zokha, komanso kufanana ndiukadaulo koyambirira, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi opindulitsa kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri m'galimoto yamagalimoto si magwiridwe antchito, koma mawonekedwe akunja amafanana ndi choyambirira.

Lero, m'modzi mwa opanga mafelemu a zida zamagalimoto ndi Caterham. Poyamba, galimotoyo imawoneka ngati ngolo yakunyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani opanga magalimoto otere amapanga thupi kuchokera ku fiberglass yomwe imafanana ndi mawonekedwe amgalimoto ina yachipembedzo. Zina zonse: injini, chassis, kufalitsa, kuyimitsa - zonse zimatengedwa kuchokera kwa wopereka, kukula kwake komwe kuli koyenera kapangidwe kake.

Zokonzera zodzaza m'magulu m'mabokosi. Kuti apange galimoto yotereyi, poyamba zimatenga pafupifupi maola 20. Lero, makinawa adakhala odalirika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina, zomwe zimatha kutenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu kuti zisonkhanitse mtundu (iyi ndiyo njira yosavuta kwambiri). Malangizo omwe amabwera ndi zida zosinthira adapangidwa kuti aliyense amene angodziwa pang'ono za makaniko amvetse.

 Komabe, galimoto yonyamulirayi ili ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amalepheretsa makasitomala ambiri kugula makina otere. Imodzi mwa misampha imeneyi ndikuti chithunzi chake chimangokhala chofananira ndi choyambirira. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi mbali yalamulo pankhaniyi. Makina opanga makina akapanga mtundu winawake, umalandila kukopera kwawo. Malinga ndi malamulowa, kampani imatha kulandila chindapusa chachikulu ngakhale atakopera kapangidwe kake. Izi zimalimbikitsa omwe amapanga mitundu yofananira kuti asinthe mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina izi sizimakwaniritsa zomwe wogula amayembekezera.

Mukamagula seti m'mabokosi, muyenera kukonzekera kuti galimotoyo imangofanana ndi yoyambayo. Chitsanzo cha ichi ndi "mbambande" iyi yochokera ku kampani yaku Britain Panache.

Kope ili lidapangidwa ngati chithunzi cha galimoto yotchuka ya Lamborghini Countach yaku Italiya. Wopanga wotereyu adalamulidwa ndi amateur angapo aku Russia kuti amvere garaja. M'misewu yadzikoli, mutha kupeza zitsanzo zingapo izi.

Wopanga zofananira amatha kulamulidwa kudziko lililonse lotsatira Soviet. Ukraine ilinso ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono opangira zida zingapo. Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti ntchitoyi sinalandebe mphamvu mdziko muno, chifukwa chake mitundu yazomwe zingaperekedwe kwa makasitomala awo ndi yochepa.

Nazi zina zomwe muyenera kuzisamala musanagule magalimoto ofanana mu CIS:

• Makampani ambiri akunja alibe zida zambiri zopangidwa kale, kotero kasitomala amayenera kudikirira mpaka ntchitoyo ikukhutira. Izi zitha kutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutangolipiritsa.
• Wopanga amapereka chitsimikizo cha chilengedwe chake, ndiye kuti, thupi, chimango ndi zina zoyang'anira. Chilichonse chomwe chidatengedwa kuchokera kwa woperekayo (makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyimira) sichikutsimikiziridwa. Poganizira izi, pali mwayi wogula zokongola, koma zosayenera kuyendetsa mayendedwe, ngakhale izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa makampaniwa amagwiranso ntchito ndi dzina lawo.
• Ngakhale ndizosavuta kulembetsa galimoto yamagalimoto ku UK, ku CIS kumatha kutenga nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri.
• Chitetezo cha galimoto yamagetsi chimatha kungoganiziridwa. Chifukwa cha izi ndikusowa kwa zotsatira zoyeserera zochokera kwa wopanga. Kuti apange "whale", wopanga samapereka ndalama zoyeserera zoterezi. Chifukwa cha izi, mayendedwe otere mwina sangakwaniritse zoyambira zomwe ngakhale woperekanso yemweyo amakumana nazo.
• Ngati galimoto yanu itachita ngozi, muyenera kuwononga ndalama zambiri kuti mukonze. Nthawi zambiri, mumayenera kuyitanitsa thupi latsopano. Chifukwa chake ndichakuti chinthu chachikulu chomwe amapangira ndi fiberglass kapena fiber fiber.
• Kugulitsa galimoto yotere pamsika wachiwiri ndizosatheka, chifukwa chitukukochi chili ndi mafani ochepa.

Kodi kit kit ndi zingati?

Ngati panthawiyi wina angaganize kuti uwu ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wogula galimoto yotsika mtengo yowoneka bwino, sizili choncho. M'malo mwake, galimoto yamagalimoto imawononga ndalama zoyenera kwa woyendetsa galimoto kuyang'ana magazini yamagalimoto. Mtengo wa zida zotsika mtengo kwambiri ungayambike kuchokera pa madola zikwi makumi awiri.

Kuphatikiza pa mtengo uwu muyenera kuwonjezera mtengo wamakalata pazikhalidwe, kulembetsa ku malo operekera unduna wa zamkati ndi mtengo wamapositi. Zonsezi zitha kuyeretsa chikwama cha wogula mpaka zero.

China imapereka magalimoto ake pamtengo wokwanira kwambiri, komabe salipira ndalama zochepa kuposa Citroen Berlingo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma airbags, thupi lolimba komanso bampala weniweni.

Komabe, ngati mungayerekezere kapangidwe ka mtundu wogwira ntchito, titi, Shelby Cobra yemweyo kapena Ferrari 250, ndiye kuti zikhala zotsika mtengo kuposa kugula galimoto pamsika.

Ngati m'mbuyomu galimoto yonyamula zida idapereka mpata wogula galimoto yotsika mtengo, lero ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa zolipira zomwe zatchulidwa kale, mwini wake wotere amayenera kupatula nthawi kuti asonkhanitse mtunduwo. Zachidziwikire, mutagula chodula chonchi, mukufuna kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito malonda mwachangu, chifukwa chake muyenera kukopa othandizira. Momwemo, zingakhale zabwino kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo la bwenzi lachangu, koma ngakhale ndi chithandizo chake ntchitoyi ipitilira kwa miyezi ingapo.

Ngati mbuye amapita kukagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti msonkhanowo ukhoza kutenga chaka chathunthu kapena kupitilira apo. Kuti musonkhanitse galimoto munthawi yochepa, muyenera kukhala ndi othandizira omwe amamvetsetsa zamagetsi, ndipo izi ndizachabe. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa "whale" woyenera udzawononga pafupifupi 60-100 madola zikwi, komanso mitundu yopindulitsa kwambiri - yopitilira 200 zikwi.

Mtengo wa malonda umakhudzidwa osati ndi mtundu komanso kukongola kwa thupi, komanso ndi mayunitsi omwe adzaikidwe mgalimoto. Makampani amatha kupereka njira yotsika mtengo yotsika mtengo, kapena amatha kupanga mtunduwo ndi zida zoyambira. Pachifukwa ichi, galimotoyo itha kugulitsidwa, ndipo ndizomvetsa chisoni kuyigwiritsa ntchito pamaulendo wamba. Pa ndalama zamtunduwu, mutha kugula galimoto yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi salon ndi chitsimikizo cha wopanga wathunthu.

Zachidziwikire, iyi ikhala galimoto yopanga pafupipafupi, chifukwa zimadalira zomwe kasitomala akufuna kuti akwaniritse. Ngati funso ndi kugula galimoto yokhayo yomwe ingogulitsidwa pamsika, kenako mamiliyoni a madola, ndiye kuti kugula keti yamagalimoto kulangizidwa. Ikuthandizani kuti musunge zambiri.

Ngati mwayi wogula galimoto yokongola komanso yothandiza ikuganiziridwa, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira kuti musankhe mtundu woperekedwa pamsika wonyamula. Izi ndizomveka pakungopanga zosankha zanu kuchokera pagalimoto zokhazokha.

Komanso, mtengo wazogulitsa uzidalira cholinga chomwe galimoto yosungunula idagulidwa. Pamene ziziyenda anaganiza chabe kusonkhanitsa galimoto yekha, kuyesera dzanja lake pa munda wa makina, ndiye inu mukhoza kuyitanitsa zida wotchipa.

Anthu ena okonda magalimoto amasankha kugula zida zokwera mtengo kuti apange mpikisano wampikisano. Pali okonda masewera omwe ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zabwino kuti akhale ndi galimoto yapadera mu garaja yawo, yoyambayo yomwe ndi ochepa okha omwe ndi olemera omwe angakwanitse. Zikatero, phukusili likhala lotsika mtengo.

Mitundu yapamwamba

Pali njira ziwiri zogulira zida zonyamula. Ngati mutadutsa njira yopeza mtundu woyenera komanso wogulitsa, ndiye kuti galimotoyo itha kupezeka motere:

1. Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe agalimoto yamtsogolo. Mutha kuzipanga nokha, koma chifukwa cha izi muyenera kudziwa bwino za kapangidwe ka galimoto ndikupanga zojambula. Pamaziko a masanjidwewo, chimango chimapangidwa koyamba - chothandizira momwe gawo lililonse la mayendedwe lidzakhalire. Iyi ndiye njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yowononga nthawi. Makaniko amateur pankhaniyi amatha kupulumutsa ndalama zabwino. Mbali inayi, ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yambiri yopuma komanso garaja yayikulu.
2. Kampani yoyenera ikuyang'ana, yomwe ikugwira ntchito yopanga zida. Mapangidwe ndi magawo ena amisili akukambidwa. Poterepa, zida ziwononga zambiri, koma wokonda magalimoto sadzakhala ndi nthawi yopanga kapangidwe kake. Kawirikawiri, wogula amasankha yekha injini ndi kutumiza kuchokera kwa wopereka aliyense. Nthawi yomweyo, amayenera kusamutsa kukula kwa mayunitsiwo kwa woperekayo kuti apange chimango choyenera kwa iwo.

Nayi mndandanda wawung'ono wamitundu yabwino yamagalimoto yomwe ili yabwino popanga zida zamagalimoto.

Volkswagen Beetle

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kachilombo kachikale ngati wopereka. Mtunduwu umasandulika mosavuta kukhala njinga zam'nyanja kapena misewu yokongola komanso mitundu yamasewera ya Porsche. Posankha mtundu woterewu, muyenera kudziwa kuti injini za mtundu wa "boxer" zidagwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira. Kuti galimoto yomalizidwa igwire bwino ntchito, ndibwino kugula injini yamakono.

Mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zotumizira kuchokera ku Subaru ndizoyenera pachitsanzo ichi. Ponena za kugula kwa wopereka, izi zitha kukhala zovuta ku CIS, popeza galimoto ndiyosowa, ndipo mwina siyotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ku Europe, bukuli limatha kupezeka pamtengo wapafupifupi 700 euros. Kuti mupange "whale", mutha kuyima pagalimoto yomwe yaphedwayo. Idzasinthidwa mulimonse.

Chitsanzo cha mtundu wokonzeka kutengera mtunduwu ndi galimoto ya Sterling Nova. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi kuchokera ku "kachilomboka", ndiye kuti zida zake zitha kulipira pafupifupi madola 6 zikwi. Opitilira 20 masauzande USD zidzawononga seti yokhala ndi mota kuchokera ku Mazda (rotary) kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi zooneka ngati V kuchokera ku Ford.

Mazda Miata (MX-5)

Poyamba, galimoto yaku Japan iyi idapangidwa molingana ndi projekiti yofanana ndi magalimoto amizinga achingerezi. Galimotoyi imapanga misewu yokongola yosonkhanitsidwa. Mtunduwo uli ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Ngati pali chikhumbo chopanga mayendedwe ogwirizana bwino ndi magalimoto amakono, gawo laukadaulo limatha kusinthidwa pang'ono.

Mutha kuyika chipinda chamagalimoto:

• ICE ndi gearbox kuchokera ku GM (zosintha zonse kuchokera pamndandanda wa LX);
• Powertrain ndikufalitsa kuchokera ku Mazda (kusintha kwamakina), mwachitsanzo, RX-8;
• Injini ya Ford V-8 Windsor (302), yoyendetsedwa ndi kufalikira kwa Borg-Warner T56.

Ferrari 250 GTO yokongola imatha kupangidwa pamaziko a MX-5

Izi ndi zida zamagalimoto zomwe ndizodziwika bwino pakati pa mafani azithunzi zopangidwa ndi manja.

Zotchuka 7

Galimoto yotchukayi ili ndi kapangidwe kapadera. Chochititsa chidwi chake ndikuti mutha kusankha galimoto iliyonse ndipo pafupifupi mayunitsi aliwonse monga operekera ndalama. Popeza thupi ndi chimango cha mayendedwe ake ndiopepuka, ngakhale gawo la mahatchi 100 limatha kupanga galimoto yamasewera yoyerekeza.

Makampani ena, monga Birkin, atha kugulitsa zidutswa zomwe zidakonzedweratu kapena zida za nkhonya. Kampani yomwe yatchulidwayo imapanga makope pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri (3-series). Zosankha zotsika mtengo zimangopangidwa ngati mtundu womwe umafanana pang'ono ndi galimoto yodziwika bwino yamasewera.

Kutengera mtundu wosankhidwa, wogula amayenera kulipira pafupifupi 21 zikwi za USD panthawiyi. Izi sizingaganizire chilolezo cha kasitomu, kulembetsa ndi mtengo wa omwe amapereka.

shelby cobra

Mtunduwo wokha uli pachiyambi cha galimoto. Wotchuka komanso wopanga makina adakhazikitsa injini yoyaka yamkati yaku America pa chimango chochokera pagalimoto yaku England. Monga mtundu wakale, fanizoli limapereka mitundu ingapo yamagulu opereka.

Wopanga amatha kupanga mapanelo amthupi kuchokera ku fiberglass kapena mbale za aluminium. Izi zidzakhudza mtengo wa zida. Ngati m'badwo wachitatu kapena wachinayi Ford Mustang imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusandutsa galimoto yodziwika bwino, ndiye kuti zida zamagalimoto ziziwononga $ 13 - zotsika mtengo kwambiri pagalimoto yodziwika bwino iyi.

pa gt40

Nthano ina ya motorsport yakhala ikupezeka kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuwona mzimu wankhondo pakati pa Ford ndi Ferrari chifukwa chopanga zida zamagalimoto. Maziko a galimoto yotere amapangidwa ngati monocoque. Zinthuzo zimatha kukhala za fiber kaboni kapena zotayidwa. Izi zimatengera kuthekera kwa kasitomala.

Komanso chimango chitha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo, monga choyambirira. Thupi nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi fiberglass. Kwenikweni, mphamvu yamagetsi ndikutumiza kwagalimoto yotere kumatengedwa kuchokera ku "Mustang" yamakono. Kuti mukwaniritse bwino galimoto yamasewera, ndibwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mota wamphamvu womwe ungapereke zomwe mukufuna. Kusintha kwa galimoto iliyonse yamakono kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuyimitsidwa.

Kampani imodzi yaku UK yopanga yolimba imapereka chiwonetserochi pafupifupi $ 51.

Chifukwa chake, galimoto yamagalimoto ndi chisangalalo chodula, koma ntchitoyi imalola oyendetsa magalimoto ochepa kukhala ndi galimoto yamphesa komanso amadzimva ngati otenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano yakale. Chinthu chachikulu apa sichiyenera kuiwala kuti mpikisano wamasewera uyenera kuchitikira panjira zatsekedwa.

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