Kodi crankcase ya injini ndi chiyani (cholinga, malo ndi kapangidwe)
Zamkatimu
Lingaliro loyerekeza la crankcase limadziwika kwa aliyense yemwe waphunzira pang'ono kapangidwe ka injini yoyaka mkati (ICE). Koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mbali imodzi yokha yabisika pansi pake, yomwe kwenikweni imatchedwa poto yamafuta. Lingaliro lambiri ndilongoyerekeza, si gawo linalake kapena msonkhano, koma limatanthauza malo onse a injini yomwe ili pansi pa masilinda.
Chifukwa chiyani injini imafunikira crankcase
M'ma motors ambiri, crankcase imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipeze malo osambiramo amafuta ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa makina opaka mafuta.
Koma popeza ili ndi voliyumu yofunikira kwambiri, ndi momwemonso pali njira zina zambiri:
- crankshaft yokhala ndi mayendedwe ake ndi mabedi okwera oponyedwa mu chipika;
- tsatanetsatane wa mpweya wabwino wa mpweya wopangidwa pakugwira ntchito;
- kusindikiza milomo kumalo otuluka kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa crankshaft;
- kukankhira mphete za theka, kukonza tsinde kuchoka kumtunda wautali;
- pompa mafuta ndi coarse fyuluta;
- mitsinje yolinganiza yomwe imayang'anira makina opangira ma injini osakhazikika;
- nozzles zowonjezera mafuta ndi kuziziritsa pisitoni;
- mafuta a dipstick ndi sensor level level.
Ma motors am'munsi akale adagwiritsanso ntchito camshaft yomwe idayikidwa mu crankcase, ndipo ma valve amayendetsedwa kudzera pamapusher ngati ndodo zopita kumutu kwa chipikacho.
Ntchito yomanga
Kawirikawiri crankcase imakhala ndi m'munsi mwa kuponyera kwa yamphamvu chipika ndi olumikizidwa kwa izo mwa sump gasket.
Koma palinso mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri, pomwe mbale yapakatikati imakulungidwa mpaka pansi kuchokera pansi, kuphimba mabedi a crankshaft ndi mayendedwe akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake ndi kuchepa kwa misa ya chipikacho, kukhazikika kowonjezera kumaperekedwa, komwe kuli kofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kwa gulu la pistoni.
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamainjini opangidwa ndi ma aloyi owala, ngakhale zopindika zosawoneka bwino zimatsogolera kukuvala kwa silinda ndi kusweka.
Pampu yamafuta imayikidwa kutsogolo kapena pansi kutsogolo kwa crankshaft, pomwe imayendetsedwa ndi unyolo wosiyana kuchokera ku crankshaft sprocket. Mabalancers amatha kuikidwa m'mabedi a shaft kapena kuphatikizidwa kukhala monoblock yokhala ndi pampu yamafuta ochepa, ndikupanga gawo lathunthu.
Kulimba kwa kapangidwe kameneka kumaperekedwa ndi zipsepse zoponyedwa ndi ma baffles owonjezera, momwe mabowo amatha kupangidwa kuti achepetse kutaya kukoka kuchokera pansi pa pistoni.
Kutentha kumachotsedwa kudzera mukuyenda kwamafuta, komwe nthawi zina poto imatulutsidwanso kuchokera ku aloyi yopepuka yokhala ndi zipsepse zoziziritsa. Koma nthawi zambiri phale limasindikizidwa kuchokera kuchitsulo chopyapyala, ndi chotsika mtengo komanso chodalirika ngati pangakhale zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chomenya zopinga.
Mitundu ya crankcases
Kutengera mtundu wa injini, ntchito zowonjezera zitha kuperekedwa ku crankcase.
Mikwingwirima iwiri ya injini
M'mainjini amitundu iwiri, crankcase imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanikiza chisakanizocho. Imayamwa mu danga la pansi pa pistoni panthawi yoponderezedwa mu silinda.
Pakuyenda pansi kwa pisitoni, kupanikizika pansi pake kumakwera, ndipo njira yodutsa ikatsegulidwa m'munsi mwa silinda, mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya amathamangira kuchipinda choyaka. Chifukwa chake zofunika pakulimba kwa crankcase, kukhalapo kwa valavu yolowera komanso zosindikizira zapamwamba za crankshaft toe.
Palibe kusamba kwamafuta, ndipo mafuta odzola amapangidwa powonjezerapo mafuta apadera a sitiroko awiri kusakaniza kogwira ntchito, komwe kumayaka ndi mafuta.
Injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima inayi
Ndi kuzungulira kwa sitiroko zinayi, mafuta amatha kulowa mu crankcase pokhapokha ngati vuto lichitika. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, imagwira ntchito yosungiramo mafuta osamba, kumene amayendayenda pambuyo podutsa muzitsulo ndi ma friction pairs.
Pansi pa sump pali mafuta a pampu omwe ali ndi fyuluta ya mesh coarse. Mtunda wina umawonedwa pakati pa ma crankshaft counterweights ndi galasi lamafuta pofuna kupewa thovu pakukhudzana.
Boxer crankcase
Mu injini za boxer, crankcase ndiye chinthu chachikulu champhamvu chomwe chimaumitsa chipika chonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi yaying'ono, amene amapereka chimodzi mwa ubwino wa galimoto "nkhonya" - otsika lonse kutalika, amene amachepetsa lonse pakati pa misa ya galimoto.
Kodi sump youma ndi chiyani
N'zotheka kukhala ndi mafuta mu mawonekedwe osamba odzazidwa ndi mlingo wina pokhapokha pansi pazikhalidwe zosasunthika kapena zapafupi. Magalimoto amasewera sangapereke chilichonse chonga ichi, amakumana ndi mathamangitsidwe amphamvu nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake mafuta amafika paliponse, koma osati ku cholandila pampu yamafuta pansi pa sump.
Choncho, mafuta opangira mafuta kumeneko amachitidwa ndi otchedwa sump youma, pamene mafuta sakhala pansi, koma nthawi yomweyo amatengedwa ndi mapampu angapo amphamvu, olekanitsidwa ndi mpweya ndikuponyera kwa ogula.
Dongosololi limakhala lovuta kwambiri, koma palibe njira ina yotulukira. Monga mu ndege, kumene lingaliro la pamwamba ndi pansi silingakhalepo nkomwe, injini iyeneranso kugwira ntchito mu kuthawa mozungulira.
Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi
Vuto lalikulu ndi crankcase ndikuti imagunda chopinga, kenaka chibowo chimapangika pamphasa bwino. Zoyipa kwambiri, zimasweka kapena kusuntha, injini imataya mafuta, ndipo popanda iwo, ingokhala ndi masekondi angapo kuti ikhale ndi moyo.
Chizindikiro chofiira chidzayatsa kutsogolo kwa dalaivala pazitsulo, kenako muyenera kuzimitsa injini nthawi yomweyo, osadikirira kuti isinthe kukhala monolith.
Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti crankcase imakhala yosasunthika pambuyo pa kukhudzidwa, koma kuwala kumawonetsabe kutsika kwamphamvu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusinthika kwa zotanuka kwa sump kudapangitsa kuti chubu cholandila mafuta, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi aluminium alloy, kusweka.
Pampu idzalowetsa mpweya ndipo makina opangira mafuta adzalephera. Zotsatira zake ndi zofanana - simungathe kusuntha nokha popanda kukonza.
Chitetezo cha injini ya crankcase
Kaya galimotoyo ili ndi chilolezo chotani, chopingacho chingakhale chosatheka. Pofuna kupewa kuthamangitsidwa ndi kukonzanso muzochitika zonsezi, crankcase imafunidwa kutetezedwa.
Pamagalimoto ndi ma crossovers, mosiyana ndi ma SUV, chitetezo chimapangidwa kuchokera ku splashes kuchokera pansi pa mawilo. Zishango za pulasitiki sizingathandize pogunda mwala. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo cholimba chachitsulo chimayikidwa ngati zida zowonjezera.
Mukhozanso kupyola, koma kukhala ndi zowuma komanso zomangika ku subframe yamagetsi, mapangidwe otere adzagwira ntchito ngati ski, kukweza kutsogolo konse kwa galimoto. Kuthekera kwa kupulumuka kwa injini kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Pepala lodzitchinjiriza limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosindikizidwa, 2-3 mm wandiweyani, kapena pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa aluminiyamu. Njira yomalizayi ndiyosavuta, koma yokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Okonzeka kulipira ukadaulo wapamwamba amatha kugwiritsa ntchito Kevlar. Potumikira injini, pepala lotetezera likhoza kuchotsedwa mosavuta, ndipo mipata ndi mabowo omwe amapangidwamo amapereka kutentha koyenera, ndizosafunika kwambiri kutenthetsa mafuta.
