Ndi chiyani komanso momwe kuyimitsidwa kosinthika kumagwirira ntchito

Njira imodzi yowongolera kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto ndiyo kuisintha kuti igwirizane ndi msewu, liwiro, kapena kayendedwe ka galimoto. Ndizotheka kukhazikitsa izi pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi ndi ma electromagnetic othamanga kwambiri, pneumatic ndi hydraulic actuators. Galimoto yomweyo, ndi kusintha mofulumira makhalidwe kuyimitsidwa, akhoza kupeza luso munthu pa msewu masewera galimoto, SUV kapena galimoto kuwala. Kapena ingowonjezerani chitonthozo chokwera.

Zofunikira pakukonzekera kusintha

Kuti mupeze kuthekera kosinthira ku zikoka zakunja kapena malamulo oyendetsa, kuyimitsidwa kuyenera kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chogwira ntchito. Njira zokhazikika nthawi zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina. Okangalika amatha kusintha mawonekedwe awo. Kuti achite izi, ali ndi gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi, lomwe ndi kompyuta yomwe imasonkhanitsa zambiri kuchokera ku masensa ndi machitidwe ena a galimoto, imalandira malangizo kuchokera kwa dalaivala ndipo, pambuyo pokonza, imayika mawonekedwe kwa actuators.

Monga mukudziwa, kuyimitsidwa kumakhala ndi zinthu zotanuka, zida zonyowa komanso chowongolera. Mwachidziwitso, n'zotheka kulamulira zigawo zonsezi, koma pochita ndizokwanira kusintha zinthu za dampers (shock absorbers). Izi ndizosavuta kuchita ndi magwiridwe antchito ovomerezeka. Ngakhale ngati liwiro anachita si chofunika, mwachitsanzo, mode magalimoto, kusintha chilolezo kapena malo amodzi stiffness ndi kusintha, ndiye n'zotheka atengere kasinthidwe kuyimitsidwa kwa zigawo zake zonse.

Kuti musinthe magwiridwe antchito, ndikofunikira kuganizira magawo ambiri olowera:

• data pazolakwika zapamsewu, zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zikubwera;
• liwiro loyenda;
• malangizo, ndiye ngodya ya kasinthasintha mawilo chiwongolero ndi mathamangitsidwe angular galimoto lonse;
• malo ndi liwiro la kuzungulira kwa chiwongolero;
• zofunikira za dalaivala malinga ndi kuwunika kwa kalembedwe kake kagalimoto, komanso zomwe zidalowa mumayendedwe amanja;
• malo a thupi logwirizana ndi msewu, magawo a kusintha kwake pakapita nthawi;
• ma sensa amtundu wa radar omwe amasanthula momwe zimakhalira kutsogolo kwagalimoto;
• kuthamangitsa kwautali komanso kopingasa kwagalimoto, injini ndi ma braking system opareshoni.

Dongosolo la block block lili ndi ma aligorivimu oyankha kuzizindikiro zonse zomwe zikubwera komanso kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso. Malamulo nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa ku zotsekereza zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi zamawilo onse, payekhapayekha pagawo lililonse, komanso kuphatikizira komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi anti-roll bar. Kapena ku zida zomwe zimawalowetsa m'malo mwake zikamagwira ntchito ngati gawo la kuyimitsidwa koyendetsedwa bwino ndi ma hydraulically, komanso zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi. Pamapeto pake, liwiro la kuyankha ndilokwera kwambiri moti pafupifupi khalidwe labwino likhoza kupindula kuchokera ku ntchito ya kuyimitsidwa.

Kupanga Kwadongosolo

Zovutazo zimaphatikizapo zida zomwe zimatsimikizira kuwongolera kwa zinthu zonyowa komanso kuuma kwamphamvu, komanso kuchepetsa kusuntha kwa thupi:

• wowongolera kuyimitsidwa ndi microprocessor, kukumbukira ndi mabwalo a I / O;
• njira zogwirira ntchito zopangira mpukutu (mipiringidzo yoletsa-roll);
• zovuta za masensa;
• ma shock absorbers omwe amalola kuwongolera kwamagetsi pakuuma.

Kuwongolera kwa dashboard, nthawi zambiri kumakhala chiwonetsero cholumikizirana pa bolodi, dalaivala amatha kukhazikitsa imodzi mwamachitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito malinga ndi zomwe amakonda. Kutsogola kwa chitonthozo, masewera kapena kuthekera kwapamsewu kumaloledwa, komanso kusinthika kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kukumbukira kwamachitidwe. Zosintha zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zitha kubwezeretsedwanso kumakonzedwe apachiyambi.

Zofunikira za transverse stabilizers nthawi zonse zimakhala zotsutsana. Kumbali imodzi, cholinga chawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti thupi limakhala lochepa. Koma mwa njira iyi kuyimitsidwa kumapeza khalidwe la kudalira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chitonthozo chachepetsedwa. Mukamayendetsa misewu yoyipa, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chidzakhala kumasuka kwa magudumu amtundu uliwonse kuti mukwaniritse ma axles. Mwanjira imeneyi, nkhokwe zonse zoyimitsidwa zoyenda zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira kuti zitsimikizire kukhudzana kosalekeza kwa matayala ndi zokutira. Stabilizer yokhala ndi kuuma kosalekeza, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala chitsulo chosavuta chachitsulo cha masika, chogwira ntchito pa mfundo ya torsion bar, sichidzatha kutumikira mofanana muzochitika zonse.

Poyimitsidwa yogwira ntchito, stabilizer imagawanika, ndi kuthekera kwa malamulo apakompyuta. Mfundo zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa kuuma kocheperako. Opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito preload popotoza ndi injini yamagetsi yokhala ndi bokosi la gear, ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya hydraulic, kukhazikitsa ma silinda a hydraulic pa stabilizer kapena cholumikizira chake ku thupi. Ndikothekanso kutsanzira kwathunthu stabilizer bar yokhala ndi masilinda a hydraulic omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zotanuka.

Makina osinthika osinthika

A ochiritsira mantha absorber ali ndi katundu kusintha stiffness ake zazikulu malinga ndi liwiro ndi mathamangitsidwe wa kayendedwe ndodo. Izi zimatheka ndi dongosolo la throttling mavavu omwe damping madzimadzi umayenda.

Pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a bypass throttles, njira ziwiri ndizotheka - kukhazikitsa ma valve amtundu wa spool-electromagnetic valves kapena kusintha mawonekedwe amadzimadzi pamaginito. Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse ziwiri, yachiwiri nthawi zambiri, chifukwa imafunikira madzi apadera omwe amasintha kukhuthala kwake pamaginito.

Waukulu ntchito kusiyana cha adaptive suspensions

Kuyimitsidwa kogwira ndi katundu wosinthika kumapereka mwayi wowongolera mwadongosolo machitidwe ogula agalimoto pamsewu uliwonse:

• thupi nthawi zonse limakhala ndi malo omwe amapatsidwa pokhudzana ndi msewu, zopatuka zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi liwiro la dongosolo losinthira;
• mawilo ndi pazipita zotheka zonse kukhudzana ❖ kuyanika;
• mlingo wa mathamangitsidwe mu kanyumba tokhala tokhala ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa ndi kuyimitsidwa mwambo, amene kumawonjezera chitonthozo cha ulendo;
• galimoto imayendetsedwa bwino komanso yokhazikika pa liwiro lalikulu;
• machitidwe apamwamba kwambiri amatha kuyembekezera kuphulika mwa kuyang'ana msewu patsogolo pa mawilo ndikusintha ma dampers pasadakhale.

Zoyipa, monga momwe zilili ndi machitidwe onse ovuta, ndi amodzi - zovuta kwambiri komanso kudalirika kogwirizana ndi zizindikiro za mtengo. Chifukwa chake, kuyimitsidwa kosinthika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gawo la premium kapena ngati zida zomwe mwasankha.

Ma aligorivimu a ntchito ndi zida zambiri zimakhala zovuta komanso kuwongolera. Cholinga chachikulu cha chitukuko cha kuyimitsidwa yogwira adaptive ndi kukwaniritsa pazipita thupi galimoto, chirichonse chimene chimachitika mawilo ndi kugwirizana awo unsprung misa. Pankhaniyi, mawilo onse anayi ayenera kupitiriza kukhudzana ndi msewu, kusunga galimoto pa trajectory anapatsidwa.