Kodi njira yamagetsi yamagalimoto yamagetsi ndi chiyani?

Njira yamagalimoto yamagetsi yamagetsi

Mwinanso dalaivala aliyense amadziwa zomwe ma braking system ABS ali. Makina olimbana ndi loko adapangidwa ndipo adayambitsidwa koyamba ndi Bosch mu 1978. ABS imalepheretsa magudumu kuti asatseke panthawi yama braking. Zotsatira zake, galimotoyo imakhala yolimba ngakhale itayimilira mwadzidzidzi. Kuphatikiza apo, galimotoyo imakhalabe yosunthika panthawi yama braking. Komabe, ndikuchulukirachulukira kwa magalimoto amakono, ABS imodzi sinalinso yokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti pali chitetezo. Chifukwa chake, idawonjezeredwa ndi machitidwe angapo. Gawo lotsatira lokonzekera magwiridwe antchito atatha ABS inali yopanga makina omwe amachepetsa nthawi yoyankha mabuleki. Zomwe zimatchedwa braking system kuti zithandizire pakulemba mabuleki. ABS imapangitsa kuti mabuleki azigwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri momwe angathere, koma sangagwire ntchito ngati chovalacho sichili bwino.

Chilimbikitso pakompyuta ananyema

Chombocho chimaperekanso mabuleki mwadzidzidzi pomwe dalaivala amangokakamira pang'onopang'ono, koma sikokwanira. Kuti muchite izi, dongosololi limayesa msanga komanso ndi mphamvu yanji yomwe dalaivala amasindikiza. Ndiye, ngati kuli kofunika, onjezerani kuthamanga kwa brake pazipita. Mwaukadaulo, lingaliro ili limakwaniritsidwa motere. Pneumatic brake booster ili ndi kachipangizo kamene kamathamangitsira ndodo komanso magetsi oyendetsa magetsi. Mwamsanga pamene chizindikiro chochokera ku kachipangizo kothamanga chikulowa m'malo olamulira, ndodo imayenda mwachangu kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dalaivala amenya pedal mwamphamvu, makina amagetsi amayambitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu yogwira ndodo. Kupanikizika kwama braking system kumangokulira kwambiri mkati mwa milliseconds. Ndiye kuti, nthawi yoyimitsa galimoto imachepetsedwa m'malo momwe zonse zasankhidwa kuyambira pano.

Kuchita bwino kwama braking system

Chifukwa chake, makina amathandizira dalaivala kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito bwino kwambiri. Zotsatira za Braking. Bosch adapanga njira yatsopano yolosera mabuleki yomwe ingakonzekeretsere mabuleki oti adzagwire mwadzidzidzi. Zimagwira ntchito moyandikana ndi njira zowongolera maulendowa, omwe radar yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti izindikire zinthu zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo. Kachitidwe, atapeza chopinga kutsogolo, akuyamba mopepuka akanikizire ziyangoyango ananyema pa zimbale. Chifukwa chake, ngati dalaivala akakanikiza cholembera, nthawi yomweyo amalandila kuyankha mwachangu kwambiri. Malinga ndi omwe adapanga, makina atsopanowa ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa Brake Assist. Bosch akufuna kukhazikitsa njira zodzitchinjiriza mtsogolo. Zomwe zimatha kuwonetsa zovuta zomwe zili patsogolo ndikugwedeza ma brake.

Kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwama braking system

Dynamic brake control. Makina ena apakompyuta ndi DBC, Dynamic Brake Control, opangidwa ndi mainjiniya a BMW. Izi ndi zofanana ndi machitidwe a Brake Assist omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mu magalimoto a Mercedes-Benz ndi Toyota. Dongosolo la DBC limafulumizitsa ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa ma brake actuator pakayimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo izi zimatsimikizira mtunda wocheperako wothamanga ngakhale osachita khama pama pedals. Kutengera deta pa kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwamphamvu komanso mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pedal, kompyuta imazindikira zomwe zikuchitika ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayika kupanikizika kwakukulu mu dongosolo la brake. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuyimitsa mtunda wagalimoto yanu. Chigawo chowongolera chimaganiziranso kuthamanga kwagalimoto komanso kuvala mabuleki.

Makina a braking system DBC dongosolo

DBC imagwiritsa ntchito hydraulic amplification mfundo, osati vacuum mfundo. Dongosolo lama hydraulic limapereka mulingo wabwinobwino komanso wolondola kwambiri wama braking bruk ngati pali ngozi yadzidzidzi. Kuphatikiza apo, DBC yolumikizidwa ndi ABS ndi DSC, mphamvu zowongolera bata. Akaimitsidwa, mawilo akumbuyo amatsitsidwa. Mukatseka pakona, izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti kumbuyo kwa galimoto kuterere chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu kutsogolo. CBC imagwira ntchito molumikizana ndi ABS kuthana ndi axle kumbuyo kumbuyo ikamayima m'makona. CBC imawonetsetsa kuti magawano agawidwa moyenera pamakona, kupewa kuterera ngakhale mabuleki atagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma siginolo ochokera ku masensa a ABS ndikuwona liwiro lamagudumu, SHS imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mabuleki amtundu uliwonse wa mabuleki.

Malipiro apakompyuta

Kotero imakula mofulumira pa gudumu lakumbuyo, lomwe lili kunja kwa sapota, kuposa mawilo ena. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuyendetsa magudumu akumbuyo ndimphamvu yama braking. Izi zimalipira nthawi yamphamvu yomwe imazungulira makina mozungulira olamulira panthawi yama braking. Njirayi imayendetsedwa mosalekeza ndipo woyendetsa sazindikira. Dongosolo la EBD, kugawa mphamvu kwama brake. Makina a EBD adapangidwa kuti agawirenso mabuleki pakati pa mawilo akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Komanso mawilo kumanja ndi kumanzere kwagalimoto, kutengera momwe amayendetsa. EBD imagwira ntchito ngati gawo la ABS yolamulira pamagetsi 4. Mukayimitsa galimoto yowongoka, katunduyo amaperekedwanso. Mawilo akutsogolo amanyamula ndipo mawilo akumbuyo samadzaza.

ABS - electronic braking system

Choncho, ngati mabuleki akumbuyo akupanga mphamvu yofanana ndi mabuleki akutsogolo, mwayi wotsekera mawilo akumbuyo udzawonjezeka. Pogwiritsa ntchito masensa othamanga pamagudumu, gawo lowongolera la ABS limazindikira mphindi ino ndikuwongolera mphamvu yolowera. Tikumbukenso kuti kugawa mphamvu pakati pa ma axles pa braking kwambiri zimadalira kulemera kwa katundu ndi malo ake. Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe kulowererapo kwamagetsi kumakhala kothandiza ndikuyimitsa pamakona. Pankhaniyi, magudumu akunja amanyamulidwa ndipo magudumu amkati amachotsedwa, choncho pali chiopsezo cha kutsekereza kwawo. Kutengera ma siginecha ochokera ku masensa a magudumu ndi sensa yothamangitsa, EBD imazindikira momwe ma wheel braking amayendera. Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi ma valve ophatikizana, amawongolera kuthamanga kwa madzimadzi operekedwa ku makina onse a gudumu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma braking system

Kodi ABS imagwira ntchito bwanji? Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kulumikiza kwambiri pagudumu pamsewu, kaya ndi phula louma kapena lonyowa, penti yonyowa kapena chipale chofewa, zimakwaniritsidwa ndi ena, kapena m'malo mwake 15-30%. Ndi kuzembera kumeneku ndiko kovomerezeka kokha ndi kofunika, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndikusintha mawonekedwe azinthu. Kodi zinthu izi ndi ziti? Choyamba, tikuwona kuti ABS imagwira ntchito popanga kuthamanga kwa madzi amadzimadzi omwe amapatsira mawilo. Magalimoto onse omwe alipo a ABS ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zitatu. Masensawa amakhala pamawilo ndipo amalemba liwiro la kasinthasintha, chida chamagetsi chogwiritsa ntchito pakompyuta ndi modulator kapena modulator, sensors. Ingoganizirani kuti pali pinii yolumikizidwa ndi kogulitsira magudumu. Transducer yakwera kumapeto kwa korona.

Kodi ma braking system amgalimoto ndi chiyani?

Imakhala ndimaginito yomwe ili mkati mwa koyilo. Mphamvu yamagetsi imakokedwa ndikamazungulira pamene zida zizungulira. Pafupipafupi amene ali molingana ndi liwiro okhota wa gudumu. Zomwe zimapezeka motere kuchokera ku sensa zimafalikira kudzera pa chingwe kupita ku zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Makina oyang'anira zamagetsi, omwe amalandila zambiri kuchokera mawilo, amawongolera chida kuti azitha kuwongolera mphindi zokhoma. Koma chifukwa kutsekeka kumachitika chifukwa chakukakamizidwa kowonjezera kwa madzi amadzimadzi mu mzere womwe umawatsogolera kugudumu. Ubongo umapanga lamulo kuti muchepetse kupanikizika. Ma Modulators. Ma modulators, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma valve awiri amagetsi, amatsatira lamuloli. Yoyamba imatseka mwayi wamadzimadzi kupita pamzere wodutsa kuchokera pagalimoto yamphamvu kupita pagudumu. Ndipo chachiwiri, mopanikizika kwambiri, chimatsegula njira yoti madzi amadzimadzi asungidwe mosungira batire.

Mitundu yama braking system

M'mayendedwe okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso othandiza kwambiri magudumu anayi, gudumu lirilonse limakhala ndi mabuleki amadzi olamulira. Mwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa masensa oyeserera a yaw, ma modulators othina ndi mayendedwe olamulira pankhaniyi ndi ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwama mawilo. Makina onse anayi amagwiranso ntchito ya EBD, ndikusintha ma axle axle. Zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndizomwe zimachitika modulator komanso njira imodzi yoyendetsera. Ndi ABS iyi, mawilo onse amatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamene amodzi mwa iwo amatsekedwa. Makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ali ndi masensa anayi, koma ndi ma modulators awiri ndi njira ziwiri zowongolera. Amasintha kukakamiza pazitsulo molingana ndi chizindikiro chochokera ku sensa kapena gudumu loyipa kwambiri. Pomaliza, akhazikitsa njira zitatu. Ma modulators atatu a dongosololi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu. Tsopano tikuchoka pamalingaliro kuti tichite. Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuyesetsabe kugula galimoto ndi ABS?

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma braking system

Pakachitika zadzidzidzi, mukamangokakamira pang'onopang'ono kuti mwaphwanyaphwanya magudumu, mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ngakhale mikhalidwe yoyipa kwambiri, galimotoyo siyingatembenuke, sikukugwetsani. M'malo mwake, kuyendetsa galimoto kumatsalira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kuyandikira chopingacho, ndipo mukaima pakona poterera, pewani kutsetsereka. Ntchito ya ABS imaphatikizidwa ndi kugwedezeka mopupuluma kwa choimitsa. Mphamvu zawo zimadalira mtundu wamagalimoto komanso phokoso lakumveka kuchokera pagawo la modulator. Magwiridwe amachitidwe akuwonetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa chizindikiro "ABS" pagulu lazida. Chizindikiro chimayatsa poyatsira ndikayatsa masekondi 2-3 mutayamba injini. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuyimitsa galimoto ndi ABS sikuyenera kubwerezedwa kapena kusokonezedwa.

Pakompyuta ananyema pagalimoto

Pakukonzekera mabuleki, chikhomo choyimitsa chimayenera kukhumudwa ndi mphamvu. Dongosolo lokha lidzakupatsani mabuleki ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. M'misewu youma, ABS imatha kufupikitsa mtunda woyimitsa galimoto pafupifupi 20% poyerekeza ndi magalimoto okhala ndi mawilo otsekedwa. Pa chisanu, ayezi, phula lonyowa, kusiyana, kumene, kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Ndawona chomwecho. Kugwiritsa ntchito ABS kumathandizira kuonjezera moyo wama tayala. Kukhazikitsa kwa ABS sikuwonjezera kwambiri mtengo wamagalimoto, sikumangokakamira kukonza kwake ndipo sikufuna luso lapadera loyendetsa kuchokera kwa driver. Kusintha kosasintha kwamapangidwe amachitidwe pamodzi ndi kutsika kwa mtengo wawo posachedwa kudzatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti adzakhala gawo limodzi, labwino lagalimoto zamakalasi onse. Mavuto ndi ntchito ya ABS.

Kudalirika kwa dongosolo lama braking zamagetsi

Dziwani kuti ABS amakono imakhala yodalirika kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali popanda zolephera. Popeza amatetezedwa ndimayendedwe apadera ndi ma fuseti, ndipo ngati kulephera koteroko kukuchitikabe, chifukwa chake izi nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo ndi malingaliro omwe atchulidwa pansipa. Omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri mdera la ABS ndi masensa oyendetsa magudumu. Ili pafupi ndi magawo onse a likulu kapena chitsulo chogwira matayala. Komwe kuli masensa awa siabwino. Zinyalala zingapo kapena chilolezo chokwanira kwambiri mumayendedwe olowera zingayambitse zovuta, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zovuta za ABS. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pama batire imakhudza magwiridwe antchito a ABS.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi

Ngati magetsi agwera pa 10,5 V ndi pansipa, ABS imatha kulemala payokha kudzera pazida zamagetsi. Kutetezera kotetezeranso kumatha kukhala kolemala pakakhala kusinthasintha kosavomerezeka komanso ma surges pagalimoto yamagalimoto. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndizosatheka kuzimitsa zinthu zingapo zamagetsi poyatsira komanso kuyendetsa injini. Ndikofunikira kuwunika mosamalitsa momwe kulumikizirana kwa jenereta kulili. Ngati mukufuna kuyambitsa injini poyiyendetsa kuchokera pa batri yakunja kapena poteteza galimoto yanu. Monga woperekera izi, tsatirani malamulo awa. Mukalumikiza mawaya kuchokera pa batri yakunja kuti kuyatsa kwa galimoto yanu kuzimike, kiyi amachotsa loko. Lolani batire kuti lizilipiritsa kwa mphindi 5-10. Chowona kuti ABS ili ndi vuto chikuwonetsedwa ndi nyali yochenjeza pagulu lazida.

Kuwona njira yamagetsi yamagetsi

Osakwiya nazo izi, galimoto sidzasiyidwa yopanda mabuleki, koma ikayimitsidwa, izikhala ngati galimoto yopanda ABS. Chizindikiro cha ABS chikabwera mukamayendetsa, siyani galimotoyo, zimitsani injini ndikuwona ma voliyumu omwe ali pakati pama batire. Ngati igwera pansi pa 10,5 V, mutha kupitiliza kuyendetsa galimoto ndikulipiritsa batiri mwachangu. Ngati chizindikiritso cha ABS nthawi ndi nthawi chimatuluka, ndiye kuti kulumikizana kwina mu gawo la ABS kumakhala kotseka. Galimotoyi iyenera kuyendetsedwa mdzenje loyendera, mawaya onse atayang'aniridwa ndikulumikizidwa pamagetsi. Ngati chifukwa cha kupepuka kwa nyali ya ABS sikupezeka. Pali ntchito zingapo zokhudzana ndi kukonza kapena kukonza dongosolo la mabuleki a ABS.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi njira yothandizira mabuleki ndi chiyani? Ili ndi dongosolo lomwe limatha kukhalabe ndi liwiro linalake lagalimoto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa pamtunda wautali, ndipo amagwira ntchito pozimitsa mafuta kumasilinda (brake by motor).

Kodi njira yopumira mwadzidzidzi ndi chiyani? Dongosololi limapereka mabuleki okwanira ngati dongosolo lalikulu la braking likulephera. Zimagwiranso ntchito ngati kuyendetsa bwino kwagalimoto yayikulu kumachepa.

Ndi mtundu wanji wamabuleki omwe alipo? Galimoto imagwiritsa ntchito ma brake system (main), kuyimitsidwa (ma brake pamanja) ndi othandizira kapena mwadzidzidzi (pazochitika zadzidzidzi, pomwe galimoto yayikulu sikugwira ntchito).

Ndi mabuleki ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula galimoto yoyima? Mabuleki oimika magalimoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti galimoto yoyimitsidwa ikhale pamalo ake, mwachitsanzo, ikayimitsidwa kutsika.