Makina oyatsira amagetsi

Galimoto ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri, ngakhale titakumana ndi zachikale. Chipangizo cha galimoto chimaphatikizapo njira zambiri, misonkhano ndi machitidwe, omwe, mogwirizana, amakulolani kugwira ntchito yonyamula katundu ndi okwera.

Gawo lofunikira lomwe limapereka mphamvu zamagalimoto ndi mota. Injini yoyaka yamkati yoyendetsedwa ndi mafuta, mosasamala mtundu wa galimoto, ngakhale itakhala njinga yamoto yovundikira, idzakhala ndi zida zoyatsira. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya dizilo imasiyanasiyana chifukwa VTS mu silinda imayatsa chifukwa cha jakisoni wa mafuta a dizilo mu gawo la mpweya wotenthedwa ndi kukakamizidwa kwakukulu. Werengani za mota yabwino. kubwereza kwina.

Tsopano tiwunika kwambiri za kuyatsira. Carburetor ICE ikukhala ndi kukhudzana kapena kusinthidwa kosalumikizana... Pali kale zolemba zosiyana za kapangidwe kake ndi kusiyana kwake. Ndikukula kwa zamagetsi komanso kuyambitsa kwake pang'onopang'ono pagalimoto, galimoto yamakono idalandila mafuta apamwamba kwambiri (werengani zamitundu ya jekeseni apa), komanso njira yoyatsira bwino.

Ganizirani momwe magetsi amathandizira, momwe amagwirira ntchito, kufunikira kwake poyatsira mafuta osakanikirana ndimphamvu zamagalimoto. Tiyeni tiwone zovuta zoyipa izi.

Kodi njira yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi chiyani

Ngati mukulumikizana ndi osalumikizana, kukhazikitsidwa ndi kufalitsa kanthete kumachitika mwamagetsi komanso pang'ono pakompyuta, ndiye kuti SZ iyi ndi yamagetsi yokha. Ngakhale makina am'mbuyomu amagwiritsanso ntchito zida zamagetsi, ali ndi zida zamagetsi.

Mwachitsanzo, kulumikizana ndi SZ imagwiritsa ntchito chosokoneza chamakina chomwe chimatseketsa kutsekeka kwamphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi. Mulinso wofalitsa amene amagwira ntchito potseka kulumikizana kwa pulagi yolumikizana yolumikizira ndi kosunthira kozungulira. Mu njira yopanda kulumikizana, chosokoneza chamakina chidasinthidwa ndi chojambulira cha Hall chomwe chidayikidwa mwa omwe amagawa, chomwe chimafanana ndi cha m'mbuyomu (kuti mumve zambiri za kapangidwe kake ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, werengani mu ndemanga yapadera).

Mtundu wopanga microprocessor wa SZ umawonekeranso ngati wosalumikizana, koma kuti usapangitse chisokonezo, umatchedwa zamagetsi. Mu kusinthaku, palibe zinthu zamakina, ngakhale zikupitilizabe kukonza liwiro la kasinthidwe ka crankshaft kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe pakufunika kuti iperekedwe ku mapulagi.

Mu magalimoto amakono, SZ iyi ili ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika, zomwe ntchito yake idakhazikitsidwa pakupanga ndi kugawa zikhumbo zamagetsi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuti muwagwirizanitse, pali masensa apadera omwe sanapezeke pakusintha kwam'mbuyomu. Chimodzi mwama sensa awa ndi DPKV, yomwe ilipo siyanitsani mwatsatanetsatane nkhani.

Nthawi zambiri, kuyatsira kwamagetsi kumalumikizidwa mosagwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito ena, mwachitsanzo, mafuta, utsi ndi kuzirala. Njira zonse zimayang'aniridwa ndi ECU (yoyang'anira zamagetsi). Microprocessor iyi idakonzedwa ku fakitole pazinthu zamagalimoto. Ngati kulephera kukuchitika mu pulogalamuyo kapena mwa ogwiritsa ntchito, gulu loyang'anira limakonza kusokonekera uku ndikupereka zidziwitso zofananira ndi dashboard (nthawi zambiri imakhala chithunzi cha injini kapena cholembedwa cha Check Engine).

Mavuto ena amathetsedwa ndikukhazikitsanso zolakwika zomwe zimadziwika pakufufuza kwamakompyuta. Werengani za momwe njirayi imayendera. apa... M'magalimoto ena, njira yodziyesera yokha imapezeka, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wodziwa kuti vuto ndi chiyani, komanso ngati mungakonze nokha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyitanitsa menyu ofanana pa bolodi. Momwe izi zitha kuchitidwira mgalimoto zina, ikutero payokha.

Mtengo wamagetsi oyatsira magetsi

Ntchito yamayendedwe aliwonse sikungoyatsira pang'ono mpweya ndi mafuta. Chipangizocho chimayenera kukhala ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira nthawi yabwino kwambiri pomwe zingakhale bwino kuzichita.

Ngati mphamvu yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira imodzi yokha, mphamvu zambiri zitha kuchotsedwa nthawi iliyonse. Koma kugwira ntchito kotereku sikuthandiza. Mwachitsanzo, galimotoyo siyifunikira kuthamanga kwambiri kuti izichita ulesi. Kumbali ina, galimoto ikanyamula kapena ikunyamula liwiro, imafunikira zowonjezereka. Zachidziwikire, izi zitha kuchitika ndi bokosi lamagiya lomwe lili ndi liwiro lalikulu, kuphatikiza kutsika komanso kuthamanga. Komabe, makina oterewa amakhala ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kusamalira.

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta izi, kuthamanga kwa injini mosakhazikika sikungalole opanga kuti apange zida zamphamvu, zamphamvu komanso nthawi yomweyo. Pazifukwa izi, ngakhale mayunitsi amagetsi osavuta amakhala ndi njira yolowera yomwe ingalole kuti dalaivala azidziyimira pawokha momwe galimoto yake iyenera kukhalira pankhani ina. Ngati akufuna kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono, mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa galimoto patsogolo pake mu kupanikizana, ndiye amachepetsa liwiro la injini. Koma kuti muthamangitse zinthu mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, musanakwere kwambiri kapena mukamudutsa, woyendetsa amafunika kuwonjezera liwiro la injini.

Vuto pakusintha mitundu iyi limalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera a kuyaka kwa mafuta osakaniza ndi mpweya. Momwe zimakhalira, injini ikapanda kunyamulidwa ndipo galimoto ikuima, BTC imayatsa kuchokera pamoto womwe umatulutsidwa ndi phula nthawi yomwe pisitoniyo imakafika pakatikati pakufa, ikumenya (chifukwa cha zikwapu zonse ya injini ya 4-stroke ndi 2-stroke, werengani kubwereza kwina). Koma katundu akaikidwa pa injini, mwachitsanzo, galimotoyo imayamba kuyenda, chisakanizocho chiyenera kuyamba kuyatsa ku TDC ya piston kapena milliseconds pambuyo pake.

Liwiro likakwera, chifukwa cha mphamvu yosagwira ntchito, pisitoni imadutsa posachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti moto wosakanikirana uzitha. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthetheka kuyenera kuyambitsidwa mphindi zochepa m'mbuyomu. Izi zimatchedwa nthawi yoyatsira. Kuwongolera gawo ili ndi ntchito ina yamayendedwe oyatsira.

Mu magalimoto oyamba chifukwa chaichi, panali chopondera wapadera mu chipinda zoyendera, ndi kusuntha amene dalaivala paokha anasintha UOZ malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kuti izi zitheke, owongolera awiri adawonjezeredwa pamakina oyatsira: zingalowe ndi centrifugal. Zomwezo zidasamukira ku BSZ yotsogola kwambiri.

Popeza chigawo chilichonse chimangosintha makina okha, magwiridwe awo anali ochepa. Kusintha kolondola kwambiri kwa chipangizocho pamachitidwe omwe mukufuna ndikotheka kokha chifukwa chamagetsi. Izi zimaperekedwa kwathunthu ku gawo loyang'anira.

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe SZ yama microprocessor imagwirira ntchito, muyenera kumvetsetsa kaye kachipangizo kake.

Kapangidwe ka poyatsira injini ya jakisoni

Injini yojambulira imagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kwamagetsi, komwe kumakhala ndi:

• wowongolera;
• Crankshaft position sensor (DPKV);
• Pulley yokhala ndi giya la mphete (kuti mudziwe nthawi yopangira kugunda kwamphamvu kwambiri);
• Module yoyatsira;
• Mawaya apamwamba kwambiri;
• Kuthetheka mapulagi.

Tiyeni tione zinthu zofunika chimodzi ndi chimodzi.

Poyatsira gawo

Module yoyatsira imakhala ndi ma coil awiri oyatsira ndi ma switch awiri okwera kwambiri. Ma coil oyatsira amagwira ntchito yosinthira magetsi otsika kukhala ma voltage apamwamba. Njirayi imachitika chifukwa cha kudulidwa kwakuthwa kwa mafunde oyambira, chifukwa chomwe ma voteji amawongoleredwa ndi mafunde achiwiri apafupi.

Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri ndikofunikira kuti ma spark plugs alandire kutulutsa kwamagetsi kwamphamvu yokwanira kuyatsa kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya. Kusinthako ndikofunikira kuti muyatse ndikuzimitsa koyambira koyamba kwa koyilo yoyatsira panthawi yoyenera.

Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito gawoli imakhudzidwa ndi liwiro la injini. Kutengera ndi gawoli, wowongolera amazindikira kuthamanga kwa kuyatsa / kuzimitsa koyipitsira koyilo.

High Voltage Ignition Waya

Monga momwe dzina la zinthuzi likusonyezera, adapangidwa kuti azinyamula magetsi okwera kwambiri kuchokera pagawo loyatsira moto kupita ku spark plug. Mawayawa ali ndi gawo lalikulu la mtanda komanso zotchingira zolimba kwambiri pamagetsi onse. Pa mbali zonse za waya aliyense pali lugs kuti kupereka pazipita kukhudzana malo ndi makandulo ndi kukhudzana mfundo ya module.

Kuletsa mawaya kupanga kusokoneza electromagnetic (iwo adzatsekereza ntchito zina zamagetsi mu galimoto), mawaya mkulu-voltage ndi kukana 6 mpaka 15 zikwi ohms. Ngati kutsekemera kwa mawaya kumadutsa pang'onopang'ono, izi zimakhudza momwe injini ikuyendera (VTS imayaka bwino kapena injini siimayamba, ndipo makandulo amasefukira nthawi zonse).

Kuthetheka pulagi

Kuti kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kuyatsa mokhazikika, ma spark plugs amalowetsedwa mu injini, pomwe mawaya amphamvu kwambiri ochokera kugawo loyatsira amayikidwa. Za mapangidwe apangidwe ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya makandulo nkhani yosiyana.

Mwachidule, kandulo iliyonse imakhala ndi electrode yapakati ndi mbali (pakhoza kukhala maelekitirodi awiri kapena angapo). Pamene mapiringidzo oyambirira mu koyilo amachotsedwa, mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba imayenda kuchokera kumapiritsi achiwiri kupyolera mu gawo loyatsira mpaka waya wofanana. Popeza ma electrodes a spark plug samalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake, koma amakhala ndi kusiyana komwe kumasinthidwa, kusweka kumapangidwa pakati pawo - arc yamagetsi yomwe imatenthetsa VTS pamoto woyaka.

Mphamvu ya spark mwachindunji imadalira kusiyana pakati pa maelekitirodi, mphamvu yomwe ilipo, mtundu wa maelekitirodi, ndi kuyatsa kwa mpweya wosakanikirana ndi mpweya kumadalira kuthamanga kwa silinda ndi ubwino wa kusakaniza uku (machulukidwe ake).

Crankshaft position sensor (DPKV)

Sensa iyi mumagetsi oyaka ndi chinthu chofunikira. Zimalola wolamulirayo nthawi zonse kukonza malo a pistoni m'masilinda (omwe adzakhala pamwamba pakatikati pakufa kwa kupweteka kwapakhosi panthawiyo). Popanda zizindikiro kuchokera ku sensa iyi, wolamulira sangathe kudziwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi apamwamba pa kandulo inayake. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale ndi ntchito yopangira mafuta ndi makina oyatsira, injini siyiyamba.

Sensa imatsimikizira malo a pistoni chifukwa cha mphete ya crankshaft pulley. Ili ndi mano pafupifupi 60, ndipo awiri mwa iwo alibe. Poyambitsa injini, pulley ya mano imazunguliranso. Pamene sensa (imagwira ntchito pa mfundo ya sensa ya Hall) imazindikira kusowa kwa mano, phokoso limapangidwa mmenemo, lomwe limapita kwa wolamulira.

Kutengera ndi chizindikiro ichi, ma aligorivimu opangidwa ndi wopanga amayambika mu gawo lowongolera, lomwe limatsimikizira UOZ, magawo a jakisoni wamafuta, jekeseni wa jekeseni, ndi mawonekedwe opangira gawo loyatsira. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina (mwachitsanzo, tachometer) zimagwiranso ntchito pazizindikiro za sensa iyi.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito njira zamagetsi zamagetsi

Dongosololi limayamba ntchito yake polilumikiza ndi batri. Gulu loyanjana ndi loko yamagalimoto amakono kwambiri ndi lomwe limayambitsa izi, ndipo mumitundu ina yokhala ndi makiyi olowera opanda batani ndi batani loyambira la magetsi, limadzitembenukira pomwe woyendetsa akadina batani la "Start". Mu magalimoto ena amakono, makina oyatsira amatha kuwongoleredwa kudzera pa foni yam'manja (koyambira kwakutali kwa injini yoyaka yamkati).

Zinthu zingapo zimayang'anira ntchito ya SZ. Chofunika kwambiri pa izi ndi malo opangira crankshaft, omwe amaikidwa pamakina amagetsi a jakisoni. Za zomwe zili komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito, werengani payokha... Amapereka chizindikiritso munthawi yomwe pisitoni yoyamba yamphamvu imatha kuponderezana. Kugunda kumeneku kumapita ku gawo loyang'anira (mumagalimoto akale, ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi wowaza komanso wofalitsa), yomwe imayambitsa koyilo yolingana, yomwe imayambitsa mapangidwe amagetsi ambiri.

Pakadali pano dera latsegulidwa, magetsi ochokera ku batri amaperekedwa kumayendedwe oyambira kanthawi kochepa. Koma kuti cheche chikhale chopangidwa, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti crankshaft isinthasintha - motere njira yomwe crankshaft sensor sensor imatha kupangira chidwi chofuna kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi. Chovalacho sichitha kuyamba kuzungulira chokha. Sitata imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa mota. Zambiri momwe makinawa amagwirira ntchito amafotokozedwa payokha.

Sitata mokakamiza akutembenuza crankshaft lapansi. Pamodzi ndi iyo, ndege yoyenda nthawi zonse imazungulira (werengani zosintha zosiyanasiyana ndi magwiridwe antchito a gawo ili apa). Pa crankshaft bowo amapangidwa dzenje (makamaka, mano angapo akusowa). DPKV imayikidwa pafupi ndi gawo ili, lomwe limagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo ya Hall. Chojambulira chimatsimikizira nthawi yomwe pisitoni yoyamba yamphamvu ili pamwamba pakufa pamtunda wa flange, ndikupanga stroke.

Mitengo yomwe DPKV imapanga imadyetsedwa ku ECU. Kutengera ma algorithms ophatikizidwa mu microprocessor, imatsimikizira mphindi yabwino kwambiri yopangira mphamvu mu silinda iliyonse. Chipangizocho chimatumiza kuyatsa. Pokhapokha, gawo ili lamakina limapereka coil ndimphamvu yama volts a 12 volts. Mukangolandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku ECU, oyatsa moto amatseka.

Pakadali pano, kupezeka kwamagetsi kumayendedwe amfupi oyimilira kumayima mwadzidzidzi. Izi zimadzetsa kupangika kwamagetsi, chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (mpaka zikwizikwi za ma volts) yomwe imapangidwa kumapeto kwake. Kutengera mtundu wamachitidwe, izi zimapita kwa omwe amagawa zamagetsi, kapena zimapita mwachindunji kuchokera koyilo kupita ku pulagi yamoto.

Pachiyambi choyamba, mawaya apamwamba kwambiri adzakhalapo mu dera la SZ. Ngati koyilo yoyatsira imayikidwa mwachindunji pa pulagi yothetheka, ndiye kuti mzere wonse wamagetsi umakhala ndi mawaya wamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi onse amagetsi pagalimoto.

Magetsi akangolowa mu kandulo, zimatuluka pakati pa maelekitirodi ake, omwe amayatsa mafuta osakaniza (kapena gasi, akagwiritsa ntchito HBO) ndi mpweya. Kenako mota imatha kugwira ntchito pawokha, ndipo tsopano palibe chifukwa choyambira. Zamagetsi (ngati batani loyambira likugwiritsidwa ntchito) zimangodula sitata. M'machitidwe osavuta, dalaivala pakadali pano ayenera kumasula kiyi, ndipo makina osungitsa kasupe adzasamutsa gulu lolumikizirana ndi poyatsira panjira.

Monga tanenera kale pang'ono, nthawi yoyatsira imasinthidwa ndi gawo loyang'anira lokha. Kutengera mtundu wamagalimoto, dera lamagetsi limatha kukhala ndi masensa olowera angapo, kutengera momwe zimakhalira ndi ECU zomwe zimayika katundu wamagetsi, liwiro la kasinthasintha ka crankshaft ndi camshaft, komanso magawo ena a galimoto. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimakonzedwa ndi microprocessor ndipo ma algorithms ofanana amafotokozedwa.

Mitundu yamagetsi oyatsira magetsi

Ngakhale mitundu yambiri yamitundu yaying'ono yasinthidwa, zonsezi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

• Kutentha kwachindunji;
• Poyatsira kudzera mwa wofalitsa.

Ma SZ amagetsi oyamba anali ndi gawo lapadera loyatsira, lomwe limagwira ntchito mofanana ndi wofalitsa wosalumikizana. Anagawira kugunda kwamphamvu kwamagetsi pamiyala ina yake. Zotsatirazo zimayang'aniridwanso ndi ECU. Ngakhale ntchito yodalirika poyerekeza ndi njira yolumikizirana, kusinthaku kukufunikirabe kusintha.

Choyamba, gawo laling'ono lamphamvu limatha kutayika pamawaya opanda mphamvu. Kachiwiri, chifukwa chakuyenda kwamphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kudzera pazinthu zamagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito ma module omwe amatha kugwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wotere amafunika. Pazifukwa izi, opanga makina apanga njira yoyatsira mwachindunji.

Kusinthaku kumagwiritsanso ntchito ma module oyatsira, koma amangogwira ntchito m'malo ochepa. Dera la SZ yotere limakhala ndi zingwe zachizolowezi, ndipo kandulo iliyonse imalandira koyilo payekha. M'mawu awa, gawo loyang'anira limazimitsa chozungulira chaching'ono, potero chimapulumutsa nthawi yogawa zimayambira pakati pa zonenepa. Ngakhale kuti ntchito yonseyi imatenga ma millisecond ochepa, ngakhale kusintha kwakanthawi munthawi ino kumatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amagetsi.

Monga mtundu wa poyatsira mwachindunji SZ, pali zosintha ndi ma coil apawiri. M'njira imeneyi, galimoto yamagetsi 4 yamphamvu idzalumikizidwa ndi makina motere. Choyamba ndi chachinayi, komanso chimphika chachiwiri ndi chachitatu chimafanana. Mu chiwembu choterocho, padzakhala ma coil awiri, omwe aliyense amakhala ndi ma cylinders ake. Gawo loyang'anira likapatsa chizindikirocho moto, moto umapangidwa munthawi yomweyo. Mmodzi wa iwo, kumaliseche kuyatsa mpweya mafuta osakaniza, ndipo chachiwiri ndi ulesi.

Zoyipa zamagetsi zamagetsi

Ngakhale kulowetsedwa kwa zamagetsi zamagalimoto amakono kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kukonza bwino magetsi ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera, izi sizimatengera zovuta ngakhale pamakina okhazikika ngati poyatsira. Kuti mupeze zovuta zambiri, ndi okhawo owunikira makompyuta omwe angathandize. Kuti musamalire bwino galimoto yamagetsi, simufunikanso kutenga dipuloma yamagetsi, koma vuto la dongosololi ndikuti mutha kuwona momwe zilili ndi mwaye wamakandulo komanso mtundu wa mawaya.

Komanso, SZ yopanga ma microprocessor sikuti ili ndi zovuta zina zomwe zidachitika m'machitidwe am'mbuyomu. Zina mwazolakwika izi:

• Kuthetheka mapulagi kusiya kugwira ntchito. Kuchokera m'nkhani yapadera mutha kudziwa momwe mungadziwire momwe angagwiritsire ntchito;
• Kusweka kwa kumulowetsa koyilo;
• Ngati zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dongosolo, ndiye kuti chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena kutchinga koyipa, amatha kuboola, zomwe zimabweretsa kutaya mphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthetheka sikumakhala kwamphamvu kwambiri (nthawi zina, kulibe konse) kuyatsa mafuta a mafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya;
• Makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa ojambula, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumagalimoto omwe amayendetsedwa m'malo onyowa.

Kuphatikiza pa zolephera izi, ESP amathanso kusiya kugwira ntchito kapena kusokonekera chifukwa cholephera sensa imodzi. Nthawi zina vuto limakhala m'manja mwa zida zamagetsi palokha.

Nazi zifukwa zazikulu zomwe makina oyatsira sangagwire bwino kapena osagwira ntchito konse:

• Mwiniwake wamagalimoto amanyalanyaza momwe galimoto imayendetsera nthawi zonse (panthawiyi, malo ogwiritsira ntchito amawunika ndikuchotsa zolakwika zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwamagetsi);
• Pakukonzekera, zida zotsika ndi ma actuator amaikidwa, ndipo nthawi zina, kuti asunge ndalama, dalaivala amagula zida zina zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kusinthidwa kwadongosolo;
• Mphamvu ya zinthu zakunja, mwachitsanzo, kuyendetsa kapena kusungira galimoto pamalo otentha kwambiri.

Mavuto oyatsira amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi zinthu monga:

• Kuchuluka mowa mafuta;
• Kusachita bwino kwa injini kukanikiza mafuta. Pankhani ya UOZ yosayenera, kukanikiza pamafuta othamangitsira kumatha kutsitsa mphamvu zamagalimoto;
• Ntchito yamagetsi yatsika;
• Kuthamanga kwa injini kosakhazikika kapena nthawi zambiri kumakhala m'malo osagwira ntchito;
• Injini idayamba kuyipa bwino.

Inde, zizindikirozi zitha kuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa machitidwe ena, mwachitsanzo, mafuta. Ngati pali kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagalimoto, kusakhazikika kwake, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana momwe ulusiwo ulili. Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito mawaya othamanga kwambiri, amatha kuboola, chifukwa chake kutaya mphamvu yamphamvu. DPKV ikasweka, mota siyiyamba konse.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kususuka kwa chipangizocho kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito amakandulo, kusintha kwa ECU kupita modzidzimutsa chifukwa cha zolakwika zake, kapena kuwonongeka kwa sensa yobwera. Zosintha zina zamagalimoto omwe ali mgalimoto zimakhala ndi njira yodziyesera yokha, pomwe dalaivala amatha kuzindikira zolakwikazo mwawokha, kenako nkukonzanso.

Kuyika kwa magetsi pagalimoto

Ngati galimoto imagwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa, makinawa amatha kusinthidwa ndi kuyatsa kwamagetsi. Zowona, chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kugula zinthu zowonjezera, popanda zomwe dongosolo silingagwire ntchito. Ganizirani zomwe zikufunika pa izi ndi momwe ntchitoyo imagwiridwira.

Kukonzekera zida zosinthira

Kuti muwonjezere makina oyatsira mudzafunika:

• Wogawa mtundu wopanda contactless. Idzagawanso mphamvu zamagetsi zamakono kupyolera mu mawaya ku kandulo iliyonse. Galimoto iliyonse ili ndi zitsanzo zake za ogulitsa.
• Sinthani. Ichi ndi chosokoneza chamagetsi, chomwe pamakina oyatsira chimakhala ndi mtundu wamakina (chowongolera chozungulira patsinde, kutsegula / kutseka zolumikizirana ndi cholumikizira choyambirira cha koyilo yoyatsira). Kusinthaku kumayankha kugunda kwa sensa ya crankshaft ndikutseka / kutsegulira zolumikizana ndi coil yoyatsira (mapiritsi ake oyamba).
• Koyatsira moto. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi koyilo yomweyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina olumikizirana. Kuti kandulo athe kudutsa mpweya pakati pa maelekitirodi, mkulu voteji panopa chofunika. Amapangidwa mu mafunde yachiwiri pamene pulayimale kuzimitsidwa.
• Mawaya apamwamba kwambiri. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya atsopano, osati omwe anaikidwa pa dongosolo lapita lamoto.
• Seti yatsopano ya ma spark plugs.

Kuphatikiza pazigawo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zalembedwa, muyenera kugula pulley yapadera ya crankshaft yokhala ndi mphete, chokwera cha sensor cha crankshaft ndi sensor yokha.

Ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito yoyika

Chophimbacho chimachotsedwa kwa wogawa (mawaya apamwamba kwambiri amagwirizanitsidwa nawo). Mawaya okha amatha kuchotsedwa. Mothandizidwa ndi choyambira, crankshaft imazungulira pang'ono mpaka choletsa ndi mota kupanga ngodya yoyenera. Pambuyo pa ngodya ya malo a resistor akhazikitsidwa, crankshaft sichitha kuzunguliridwa.

Kuti muyike bwino mphindi yoyatsira, muyenera kuyang'ana zilembo zisanu zomwe zasindikizidwa pamenepo. Wogawira watsopano ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti chizindikiro chake chapakati chigwirizane ndi chizindikiro chapakati cha wogawira wakale (chifukwa cha izi, musanachotse wogawira wakale, chizindikiro choyenera chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa galimoto).

Mawaya olumikizidwa ku koyilo yoyatsira amachotsedwa. Kenako, wogawa wakaleyo amachotsedwa ndikuchotsedwa. Wogawa watsopanoyo amaikidwa motsatira chizindikiro chomwe chimayikidwa pamoto.

Pambuyo kukhazikitsa wogawira, timapitiriza kusintha coil choyatsira (zinthu zolumikizirana ndi zoyatsira zosalumikizana ndizosiyana). Koyiloyo imalumikizidwa ndi wogawa watsopano pogwiritsa ntchito waya wapakati wa pini zitatu.

Pambuyo pake, chosinthira chimayikidwa pamalo aulere a chipinda cha injini. Mukhoza kukonza pa thupi la galimoto ndi zomangira zokhazokha kapena zomangira. Pambuyo pake, chosinthiracho chimalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo loyatsira.

Pambuyo pake, pulley yokhala ndi mano imayikidwa ndi pass ya crankshaft position sensor. Pafupi ndi mano awa, DPKV imayikidwa (chifukwa ichi, bulaketi yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yokhazikika ku nyumba ya silinda), yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi chosinthira. Ndikofunikira kuti kudumpha kwa dzino kuphatikize ndi pakati pakufa pamwamba pa pistoni mu silinda yoyamba pa psinjika sitiroko.

Ubwino wamagetsi oyatsira magetsi

Ngakhale kukonza makina oyatsira ma microprocessor kumawonongetsa woyendetsa galimoto khobidi lokongola, ndipo kuwunika kwa zovuta ndizowonjezera ndalama, poyerekeza ndi kulumikizana ndi SZ yolumikizana, imagwira ntchito molimbika komanso molondola. Uwu ndiye mwayi wake waukulu.

Nazi zabwino zingapo za ESP:

• Zosintha zina zitha kukhazikitsidwa pama carburetor magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto zoweta;
• Chifukwa chakusowa kwa wofalitsa wolumikizira komanso wopumira, zimakhala zotheka kuonjezera magetsi achiwiri mpaka nthawi imodzi ndi theka. Chifukwa cha izi, mapulagi amapangira "mafuta", ndipo kuyatsa kwa HTS ndikokhazikika;
• Mphindi wopanga kutentha kwamphamvu kwambiri kumatsimikizika molondola, ndipo njirayi ndiyokhazikika munjira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera injini yoyaka yamkati;
• Zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito poyatsira zimafika makilomita 150 mtunda wagalimoto, ndipo nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo;
• Galimotoyo imayenda bwino, mosasamala nyengo ndi magwiridwe antchito;
• Simufunikanso kuti muzikhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi kukonza, komanso kusintha kwamagalimoto ambiri kumachitika chifukwa chokhazikitsa mapulogalamu oyenera;
• Kupezeka kwa zamagetsi kumakupatsani mwayi wosintha magawo azigawo zamagetsi osasokoneza gawo lake laukadaulo. Mwachitsanzo, ena oyendetsa galimoto amachita njira yokonzera chip. Pazinthu zomwe izi zimakhudza njirayi, ndi momwe imachitikira, werengani kubwereza kwina... Mwachidule, uku ndikukhazikitsa mapulogalamu ena omwe samakhudza kuyatsa kokha, komanso nthawi komanso mtundu wa jekeseni wamafuta. Pulogalamuyi imatha kutsitsidwa pa intaneti kwaulere, koma pakadali pano muyenera kukhala otsimikiza kwathunthu kuti pulogalamuyi ndiyabwino kwambiri ndipo ikugwirizana ndi galimoto inayake.

Ngakhale kuyatsa kwamagetsi ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri kukonza ndikukonzanso, ndipo ntchito yambiri iyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri, vutoli limakonzedwa ndi magwiridwe antchito okhazikika ndi maubwino ena omwe tawona.

Kanemayo akuwonetsa momwe mungakhazikitsire nokha ESP pazakale:

MPSZ. Microprocessor dongosolo la poyatsira.

Kanema pa mutuwo

Nayi kanema kakang'ono kamene kachitidwe kakusintha kuchoka pa makina oyatsira olumikizana kupita pamagetsi amawonekera:

Kuyika kwa magetsi pa VAZ 2101-2107.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi makina oyatsira amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti? Magalimoto onse amakono, mosasamala kanthu za kalasi, ali ndi zida zotere zoyatsira. Mmenemo, zikhumbo zonse zimapangidwira ndikugawidwa kokha chifukwa cha zamagetsi.

Kodi kuyatsa kwamagetsi kumagwira ntchito bwanji? DPKV imakonza mphindi ya TDC ya silinda ya 1 pamtundu woponderezedwa, imatumiza kugunda kwa ECU. Chosinthiracho chimatumiza chizindikiro ku koyilo yoyatsira (yonse kenako yamagetsi apamwamba ku spark plug kapena payekha).

Ndi chiyani chomwe chikuphatikizidwa mumagetsi oyatsira pamagetsi? Imalumikizidwa ndi batire, ndipo ili ndi: chosinthira choyatsira, koyilo / s, ma spark plugs, gawo lowongolera zamagetsi (limagwira ntchito yosinthira ndi yogawa), masensa olowera.

Ubwino wa makina oyatsira osalumikizana ndi otani? Kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kokhazikika (palibe kutayika kwa magetsi pazolumikizana ndi wosweka kapena wogawa). Chifukwa cha izi, mafuta amawotcha bwino ndipo utsi wake ndi woyera.