Kodi nambala yoyambira yamafuta amgalimoto imatanthauza chiyani?
Zamkatimu
Tanthauzo la mankhwala a nambala yoyambira
Nambala yoyambira yamafuta a injini (chidule cha TBN muzolemba zachingerezi) ndi mtengo womwe ukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu hydroxides mu gramu imodzi yamafuta a injini. Muyeso woyezera ndi mgKOH/g.
Monga mukudziwa, alkali ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi zidulo. Ma acid ambiri, mosasamala kanthu za mankhwala omwe amawapanga, salowererapo akamalumikizana ndi alkalis. Ndiko kuti, amataya mphamvu zawo zoperekera hydrogen cation ndipo amasandulika kukhala mankhwala omwe sagwira ntchito kwambiri.
Potaziyamu hydroxide ili ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri za asidi. Nthawi yomweyo, yankho la KOH lili ndi zida zamphamvu zogawanitsa, kusungunula ndi kutsuka. Pagululi, mwachitsanzo, limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga nyimbo zotsukira mafakitale. Chifukwa chake, pamafuta amagalimoto, powerengera nambala yoyambira, ndi potaziyamu hydroxide yomwe imatengedwa ngati gawo loyambira.
Ubwino wothandiza
Mafuta a injini amagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta. Kupanikizika, kutentha kwambiri, mafuta olowera m'mphete, mpweya wotentha ndi mwaye - zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kosalephereka kwa mankhwala amtundu uliwonse ndi zigawo zowonjezera za mafuta.
Mothandizidwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso pamaso pa mpweya, mafuta a injini amapangidwa ndi okosijeni. Ngakhale kuti maziko ake, makamaka mafuta opangira ma mota, amakhala ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala, ma oxides amapangidwa pakatentha kwambiri.
Cholakwika ndi chiyani ndi ma oxides? Mwambiri, makutidwe ndi okosijeni a injini yamafuta ndikutopa kwake. Kupatula apo, njira yoyaka yokhayokha, kuchokera pamalingaliro amankhwala, ndi oxidation reaction ndi kutuluka kwa kutentha. Ndipo zopangira zomwe zimachitika, ndiye kuti, ma oxides, nthawi zambiri, ndizopanda pake zamagulu osalowerera kapena osagwira ntchito.
Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule za kuchuluka kwa ma oxides awa, palinso mawu apadera - sludge. Zogulitsa za kuwonongeka kwamafuta amafuta, ndiye kuti, sludge, zimakhazikika pamtunda wa injini, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kuipitsidwa kwake. Galimoto yakuda imatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri. Komanso, tinthu ta matope nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi ma oxide olimba kwambiri omwe amakhala ngati abrasives.
Ena mwa ma oxides amagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala. Zina mwa izo zimatha kuyambitsa dzimbiri kapena kuwononga mbali zomwe sizili zachitsulo zamoto (makamaka zisindikizo za rabara).
Potaziyamu hydroxide imagwira ntchito mbali ziwiri:
- tsankho neutralization wa chifukwa zidulo;
- kugawanika kukhala tizigawo tating'ono ting'ono ta matope amatope ndikuletsa mapangidwe ake.
Pamene injini ikuyenda, chiwerengero chapansi cha mafuta a injini chimachepa, chomwe ndi njira yachibadwa.
Chiyerekezo cha nambala yoyambira yamafuta a injini
Nambala yoyambira pafupifupi nthawi zonse imawonetsedwa pachitini chamafuta kumbuyo kwa cholembera. Pakadali pano, chiwerengerochi chikusiyana ndi 5 (chamafuta osavuta komanso otsika mtengo) mpaka 14 mgKOH / g.
Zinthu zina kukhala zofanana, ma oxide ambiri amapangidwa mu injini za dizilo. Choyamba, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mafuta. Mafuta a sulfure mu mafuta a dizilo ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mafuta. Ndipo sulfure amakonda kupanga ma oxide osiyanasiyana akamatentha kwambiri.
Kachiwiri, machitidwe opangira injini ya dizilo ndizovuta kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwakukulu, kutentha kwakukulu mu chipinda choyaka moto. Zotsatira zake, njira yowotcha mafuta imakhala yogwira ntchito.
Chifukwa chake, pamafuta a dizilo, nambala yoyambira ya 9 mgKOH / g ndi pamwambapa imawonedwa ngati yabwinobwino. Kwa injini za petulo, zofunikira ndizochepa. Kwa injini zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pa petulo, 7-8 mgKOH / g idzakhala yokwanira.
Komabe, pali mafuta omwe nambala yoyambira ndiyotsika. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mafutawo ndi oipa, ndipo ndi bwino kupewa kuwagwiritsa ntchito. Ziyenera kumveka kuti kutsuka kwamafuta oterowo kudzakhala kochepa. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupi ndi m'malo (pamene kuchuluka kwa alkali kocheperako kukucheperachepera), njira yopangira matope imathandizira. Choncho, mafuta omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa akulimbikitsidwa kuti asinthe nthawi zambiri.
Mbali yam'mbuyo ya mendulo ndi yakuti ndi kulimbikitsa phukusi lowonjezera, chiwerengero chapansi chimachepanso. Ndiko kuti, mwachidziwitso, makamaka mafuta otsika mtengo, chiwerengero chofanana chapamwamba chofananacho chingasonyeze kutha kwa zinthu zina zofunika zowonjezera.
