muli chiyani mgalimoto? Mfundo ya ntchito, chipangizo ndi cholinga
ESP kapena Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm ndi chimodzi mwa zosintha dongosolo bata kulamulira galimoto, amene poyamba anaika pa magalimoto Volkswagen nkhawa ndi magawano ake onse: VW, Audi, Mpando, Skoda, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini.
Masiku ano, mapulogalamu otere amayikidwa pafupifupi magalimoto onse opangidwa ku Europe, USA, komanso mitundu yambiri yaku China:
- European - Mercedes-Benz, Opel, Peugeot, Chevrolet, Citroen, Renault, Saab, Scania, Vauxhall, Jaguar, Land Rover, Fiat;
- American - Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep;
- Korean - Hyundai, SsangYong, Kia;
- Japanese - Nissan;
- Chinese - Chery;
- Malaysian - Proton ndi ena.
Masiku ano, dongosololi limadziwika kuti ndilovomerezeka pafupifupi mayiko onse a ku Ulaya, ku USA, Israel, New Zealand, Australia ndi Canada. Ku Russia, chofunikira ichi sichinaperekedwe kwa opanga magalimoto, komabe, LADA XRAY yatsopano ilinso ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la maphunziro, ngakhale mtengo wa crossover uwu ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa wa magalimoto ambiri a bajeti, monga Lada Kalina kapena Ndi 4x4.
Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti takambirana kale zosintha zina za dongosolo lokhazikika - ESC pa Vodi.su. Kwenikweni, onse amagwira ntchito molingana ndi njira zofananira, ngakhale pali kusiyana kwina.
Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane.
Chipangizo ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito
Mfundo ya ntchito ndi yosavuta - masensa ambiri kusanthula magawo osiyanasiyana a kayendedwe ka galimoto ndi kachitidwe kake. Chidziwitso chimatumizidwa ku gawo lowongolera zamagetsi, lomwe limagwira ntchito molingana ndi ma aligorivimu odziwika.
Ngati, chifukwa cha kusuntha, zochitika zilizonse zimawonedwa pamene galimotoyo imatha, mwachitsanzo, kulowa mu skid, kugubuduza, kutuluka mumsewu wake, ndi zina zotero, magetsi amatumiza zizindikiro kwa ma actuators - ma hydraulic valves. a dongosolo ananyema, chifukwa chimene onse kapena limodzi la mawilo, ndi zadzidzidzi amapewa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ECU imalumikizidwa ndi machitidwe oyaka moto. Choncho, ngati injini si ntchito bwino (Mwachitsanzo, galimoto ndi kupanikizana magalimoto, ndipo zonenepa zonse zikugwira ntchito mphamvu zonse), ndi spark kundipatsako kwa imodzi mwa makandulo akhoza kusiya. Momwemonso, ECU imagwirizana ndi injini ngati kuli kofunikira kuchepetsa liwiro la galimoto.
Masensa ena (chiwongolero cha mawotchi, pedal pedal, throttle position) amayang'anira zochita za injini muzochitika zina. Ndipo ngati zochita za dalaivala sizikugwirizana ndi momwe magalimoto amayendera (mwachitsanzo, chiwongolerocho sichiyenera kutembenuzika kwambiri, kapena chopondapo chimayenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu), malamulo ofananirako amatumizidwanso kwa oyendetsa kuti akonze. mkhalidwe.
Zigawo zazikulu za ESP ndi:
- gawo lenileni lowongolera;
- hydroblock;
- masensa a liwiro, liwiro la gudumu, ngodya ya chiwongolero, kuthamanga kwa brake.
Komanso, ngati kuli kofunikira, kompyuta imalandira chidziwitso kuchokera ku sensa ya valve throttle ndi malo a crankshaft.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti ma algorithms ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito posanthula zonse zomwe zikubwera, pomwe zisankho zimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, malamulo otsatirawa atha kulandiridwa kuchokera kugawo lowongolera:
- kuphwanya mawilo amkati kapena akunja kuti asadutse kapena kukulitsa malo okhotakhota poyendetsa mothamanga kwambiri;
- kuzimitsa kwa silinda imodzi kapena zingapo za injini kuti muchepetse torque;
- kusintha kwa digiri ya kuyimitsidwa damping - njira iyi imapezeka kokha pamagalimoto okhala ndi kuyimitsidwa kosinthika;
- kusintha kozungulira kwa mawilo akutsogolo.
Chifukwa cha njira imeneyi, chiŵerengero cha ngozi m’maiko amene ESP imadziwika kuti n’chovomerezeka chatsika ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Gwirizanani kuti kompyuta imaganiza mofulumira kwambiri ndikupanga zisankho zoyenera, mosiyana ndi dalaivala, yemwe angakhale wotopa, wosadziŵa zambiri, kapena ngakhale kuledzera.
Komano, kukhalapo kwa dongosolo la ESP kumapangitsa kuti galimoto isamamvere kuyendetsa galimoto, chifukwa zochita zonse zoyendetsa galimoto zimafufuzidwa mosamala. Choncho, n'zotheka kuletsa dongosolo loyendetsa bata, ngakhale izi sizikulimbikitsidwa.
Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa ESP ndi machitidwe ena othandizira - masensa oimika magalimoto, mabuleki odana ndi loko, makina ogawa mabuleki, Traction Control (TRC) ndi ena - kuyendetsa galimoto kwakhala kosavuta.
Komabe, musaiwale za malamulo zofunika chitetezo ndi malamulo magalimoto.
Tikutsegula...
