ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani ndikofunikira? Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka, chithunzi

Magalimoto ndi amodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimawononga mpweya. Pa kuyaka kwa mafuta, pafupifupi tebulo lonse la zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu: nayitrogeni, nthunzi wamadzi, mpweya, mpweya woipa ndi oxides, mwaye, benzapyrene. Anthu okhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu adatha kuona "zithumwa" zonse zowononga chilengedwe: mutu, bronchitis, khansa ya m'mapapo, kupuma ndi kulephera kwa mtima. Zomera, nyama, nthaka, madzi apansi amavutika.

Pali njira yothetsera vutoli: kuchepetsa mpweya woipa kwambiri momwe mungathere. Kuti izi zitheke, opanga magalimoto amayenera kuwongolera kuyatsa kwamafuta osakanikirana ndi mpweya, ndikuyika zosinthira zowongolera ndi zopangira muutsi. Kodi chothandizira ndi chiyani, momwe chimagwirira ntchito, momwe mungasinthire - tikambirana nkhaniyi m'nkhani zamasiku ano pa vodi.su portal.

chosinthira chothandizira mgalimoto

M'mawu osavuta, chothandizira ndi chipangizo chosefera mpweya wotuluka. Koma, mosiyana ndi fyuluta wamba, neutralizer amatsuka utsi kudzera muzochita za mankhwala zomwe zimalowa mkati. Dziwani kuti ngakhale chosinthira sichingapirire kuyeretsa XNUMX%, chimangopangidwa kuti chichepetse zomwe zili mugawo lagasi lotopetsa:

• ma hydrocarbons;
• nitric okusayidi;
• ma oxides a carbon.

Ndi mipweya iyi yomwe ili pakati pa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndipo imatsogolera ku zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, utsi pafupi ndi misewu yayikulu umachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma hydrocarbon (mwaye) mumlengalenga. Mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndi nitrogen monoxide ndi mpweya wapoizoni womwe umapangitsa kuti utsiwo ukhale ndi fungo lodziwika bwino. Kupuma kwawo ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa kumabweretsa imfa.

Chilichonse mwa zigawo zitatu izi zimakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya osinthira:

1. platinamu;
2. rhodium;
3. palladium.

Komanso, m'mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri ya ma converter othandizira, golide amawaza pamwamba pa zisa zomwe utsi umadutsamo. Monga mukuonera, zonsezi ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zamtengo wapatali. Pazifukwa izi, m'malo mwa chosinthira sichosangalatsa chotsika mtengo.

Mfundo yogwira ntchito imachokera ku machitidwe a mankhwala: pamene mamolekyu, mwachitsanzo, nitric oxide amachitira ndi rhodium, maatomu a nayitrogeni amamanga ndi kukhazikika pa mbale, ndipo mpweya umatulutsidwa. Kuchita kwa okosijeni kumachitikanso - chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, mpweya umakhala ndi okosijeni, ndipo zinthu zovulaza zomwe zilimo zimangoyaka ndikukhazikika pa zisa.

Dziwani kuti kuti mugwiritse ntchito chosinthira chothandizira, pamafunika kuti gawo lokhazikika la okosijeni mpaka kuyimitsidwa kwamafuta likhalebe losakanikirana ndi mpweya. Masensa a okosijeni amayikidwa polowera ndi kutulutsa kwa chosinthira, chomwe chimasanthula kapangidwe ka mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Ngati kaboni kapena nayitrogeni wambiri wapezeka, chizindikiro chofananiracho chimatumizidwa ku kompyuta yomwe ili pa bolodi.

Zowonongeka za Catalyst: zimawopseza bwanji injini?

Ndizodziwikiratu kuti, monga muzosefera zilizonse, pakapita nthawi, zinthu zoyaka kwambiri zimawunjikana mu chosinthira ndipo zimafunika kusinthidwa. Komanso, msonkhano wa exhaust system uwu ukhoza kulephera pazifukwa zina:

• mafuta otsika kwambiri okhala ndi sulfure, parafini, zowonjezera;
• kuwonongeka kwa injini, chifukwa chomwe mafuta samawotcha kwathunthu;
• kuwonongeka kwa makina.

Ngati chosinthira chothandizira chikugwira ntchito bwino, ma depositi a mwaye amayaka nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, zitsulo kapena zisa za ceramic zimasungunuka, kutsekereza kutuluka kwa zinthu zoyaka moto. Injini, monga amanenera oyendetsa galimoto, imayamba kutsamwitsidwa.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati chosinthira chatsekedwa kwathunthu:

• kukoka ndi kuyankha kwamphamvu kumatayika;
• pali mavuto poyambira mphamvu yamagetsi, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira "pa kuzizira";
• kutsika kwa liwiro - ngakhale throttle ndi lotseguka kwa pazipita, tachometer amasonyeza 2,5-3,5 zikwi rpm.

Ngati sitiyamba kuthetsa vutoli panthawi yake, tikuyembekezera mavuto aakulu kwambiri: mwaye umayamba kuyikidwa mwachindunji pa chitoliro chopopera cha muffler ndi kutulutsa mpweya wambiri, tiyenera kunyamula injini ndi mphamvu zonse, zomwe zimayambitsa kuvala koyambirira kwa pistoni ndi masilinda.

Kuchotsa chosinthira chothandizira

Pali njira zingapo zothetsera vutoli, zomwe tidakambirana kale patsamba la vodi.su. Njira yodziwikiratu ndiyo kupita ku sitolo ya kampani ya automaker yanu ndikuyitanitsa kukhazikitsa chothandizira chatsopano. Ntchitoyi si yotsika mtengo. Koma pogulitsa mutha kupeza kale makatiriji okha (kukonza midadada), omwe ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri. Njira ina: ngati zisa anali ceramic, kugula chipika ndi zitsulo zisa. Mtengo udzakhala wa ma ruble 4000 ndi kupitilira kuphatikiza kuyika.

Ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotere, m'malo mwa neutralizer, amayika mtsuko wa chozimitsa moto ndi nsonga m'malo mwa kafukufuku wa Lambda. Inde, ndalamazo zidzakhala zazikulu, injini idzagwira ntchito kwambiri. Koma vuto ndiloti mlingo wa poizoni sudzatsatiranso miyezo ya Euro 6, 5, 4. Ndiko kuti, simungathe kupita kunja kwa galimoto yotereyi, ndipo posakhalitsa ngakhale ku Moscow ndi mizinda ina ikuluikulu. Chifukwa chake, sitikulimbikitsa kuchita "kukonza" kwamtunduwu. Chothandizira ndi chopangidwa chachikulu chomwe chimathandiza kukonza chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo pochichotsa, kumbukirani kuti inu ndi ana anu mumapuma mpweya, ndipo thanzi la anthu limadalira kuipitsidwa kwake.

Catalyst, ndi chiyani?

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