Ndi chiyani china choti musinthe?

Masiku ano, lingaliro la "Automation as Service" likupanga ntchito. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi chitukuko cha AI, kuphunzira pamakina, kutumizidwa mwachangu kwa intaneti ya zinthu ndi zida zofananira, komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Komabe, sikofunikira kungoyika ma robot ambiri. Masiku ano zimamveka zambiri komanso zosinthika.

Pakadali pano, zoyambira zamphamvu kwambiri zikuphatikiza makampani monga LogSquare ku Dubai, omwe amapereka zoyendera, zonyamula katundu ndi njira zosungira zinthu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupereka kwa LogSquare ndi njira yosungiramo yokha yomwe imapangidwira kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa malo osungiramo zinthu ndikukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito komanso kuchita bwino.

Oyang'anira kampaniyo amatcha malingaliro awo "soft automation" (1). Makampani ambiri, ngakhale kukakamizidwa komwe adapanga, sanakonzekere kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, chifukwa chake mayankho a LogSquare amawakopa, amangopanga ma tweaks ang'onoang'ono ndi kulingalira.

Kodi mungatuluke liti kunja kwa "comfort zone" yanu?

kuphatikiza kukonzekera ndi kulosera. Ma algorithms ophunzirira makina amatha kukonzedwa kuti azisanthula ziwerengero, kulingalira za mbiri yakale ndi chilengedwe, ndikupereka zambiri zamachitidwe kapena zomwe zikuchitika. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pakusungitsa bwino komanso kasamalidwe ka zinthu. Komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto odziyimira pawokha. nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano a intaneti monga 5G adzapereka magalimoto ndi makina, monga magalimoto odziyimira pawokha, kupanga zisankho paokha.

Makampani akuluakulu amigodi monga Rio Tinto ndi BHP Billington akhala akupanga ndalama m'derali kwa zaka zingapo popanga magalimoto awo ndi zida zolemera (2). Izi zikhoza kukhala ndi ubwino wambiri - osati pokhapokha pa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuchepetsa maulendo oyendetsa galimoto ndikukweza miyezo ya thanzi ndi chitetezo. Komabe, mpaka pano izi zimangogwira ntchito m'madera olamulidwa kwambiri. Pamene magalimoto odziyimira pawokha amatengedwa kunja kwa malo otonthoza awa, nkhani ya ntchito yawo yabwino komanso yotetezeka imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Komabe, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi adzafunikira kupita kudziko lakunja, kulilingalira, ndi kugwira ntchito mosungika.

2. Rio Tinto Automated Mining Machines

Robotization mafakitale sikokwanira. Kusanthula kwamagulu kwa MPI kukuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a njira zopangira ndi zida, komanso njira zosapanga komanso zida, zili kale ndi nzeru zophatikizidwa. Malinga ndi a McKinsey & Company omwe amafunsira upangiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodzitetezera kungathe kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza makampani ndi 20%, kuchepetsa nthawi yosakonzekera ndi 50%, ndikuwonjezera moyo wamakina ndi zaka. Mapulogalamu oyang'anira zodzitchinjiriza amawunika zida zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Kugula maloboti mwachindunji kungakhale ntchito yodula. Monga tafotokozera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, mautumiki atsopano monga ntchito akuwonekera. Lingaliro ndi kubwereka maloboti pamtengo wotsika, m'malo mogula nokha. Mwanjira imeneyi, maloboti amatha kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu komanso moyenera popanda kuwononga ndalama zambiri. Palinso makampani omwe amapereka ma modular mayankho omwe amalola opanga kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe akufuna. Makampani omwe amapereka mayankho awa akuphatikizapo: ABB Ltd. Malingaliro a kampani Fanuc Corp., Steraclimb.

Makina ogulitsa kunyumba ndi pabwalo

Kupanga zaulimi ndi gawo limodzi lomwe limanenedweratu kuti ligonjetsedwe mwachangu ndi makina. Zida zaulimi zitha kugwira ntchito kwa maola ambiri osapuma ndipo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri azaulimi (3). Amanenedweratu kuti, makamaka m’maiko amene akutukuka kumene, adzakhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu padziko lonse pa anthu ogwira ntchito m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, koposa m’makampani.

3. mkono wa robotic waulimi Iron Ox

Ma automation muulimi ndi pulogalamu yoyang'anira mafamu yomwe imathandizira kasamalidwe kazinthu, mbewu ndi nyama. Kuwongolera molondola kutengera kusanthula kwa mbiri yakale komanso zolosera zam'mbuyo kumabweretsa kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuwonjezereka kwachangu, kukhathamiritsa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndi data ya nyama, kuchokera ku njira zoswana mpaka ma genomics.

Intelligent Autonomous Systems Njira zothirira zimathandizira kuwongolera ndikusintha momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mafamu. Chilichonse chimachokera ku deta yosonkhanitsidwa ndi kufufuzidwa bwino, osati kuchokera ku chipewa, koma kuchokera ku kachipangizo kamene kamasonkhanitsa chidziwitso ndikuthandizira alimi kuyang'anira thanzi la mbewu, nyengo ndi nthaka.

Makampani ambiri tsopano akupereka njira zothetsera ulimi wokha. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi FieldMicro ndi ntchito zake za SmartFarm ndi FieldBot. Alimi amawona ndikumva zomwe FieldBot (4) amawona ndi kumva, chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito chakutali chomwe chimagwirizanitsa ndi zipangizo zaulimi / mapulogalamu.

FieldBots yokhala ndi solar panel yomangidwa, HD kamera ndi maikolofoni, komanso masensa omwe amawunika kutentha, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, chinyezi, kuyenda, phokoso, ndi zina. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwongolera njira zawo zothirira, ma valve opatutsa, ma slider otsegula, kuyang'anira malo osungiramo madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kuyang'ana zojambulira zamoyo, kumvera ma audio, ndikuzimitsa mapampu pamalo owongolera. FieldBot imayendetsedwa kudzera pa nsanja ya SmartFarm.zomwe zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa malamulo a FieldBot iliyonse kapena angapo FieldBots akugwira ntchito limodzi. Malamulo amatha kukhazikitsidwa pazida zilizonse zolumikizidwa ndi FieldBot, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zida zina zolumikizidwa ndi FieldBot ina. Kufikira papulatifomu kumatheka kudzera pa foni yam'manja, piritsi kapena kompyuta.

FieldMicro idagwirizana ndi wopanga zida zodziwika bwino zaulimi John Deere kuti apereke deta ku nsanja ya SmartFarm. Ogwiritsa azitha kuwona osati malo okha, komanso zina zamagalimoto monga mafuta, mafuta ndi ma hydraulic system. Malangizo amathanso kutumizidwa kuchokera pa nsanja ya SmartFarm kupita kumakina. Kuphatikiza apo, SmartFarm iwonetsa zambiri zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zida za John Deere zomwe zimagwirizana. Mbiri ya Malo a SmartFarm imakupatsaninso mwayi wowona njira yomwe makinawo adatengera m'masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi apitawa ndipo amaphatikizanso zambiri monga malo, liwiro ndi komwe akupita. Alimi alinso ndi mwayi wofikira patali makina awo a John Deere kuti athetse mavuto kapena kusintha.

Chiwerengero cha maloboti akumafakitale chachulukirachulukira katatu mzaka khumi, kuchokera kupitirira miliyoni imodzi mu 2010 kufika pa 3,15 miliyoni mu 2020. Ngakhale kuti makina amatha (ndipo amatero) kuonjezera zokolola, zotulukapo za munthu aliyense ndi moyo wonse, mbali zina zamakina zimadetsa nkhawa, monga momwe zimakhudzira antchito aluso.

Ntchito zanthawi zonse komanso zocheperako zimakhala zosavuta kuti maloboti azichita kuposa ntchito zaluso zomwe si zachizolowezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa maloboti kapena kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito awo kumawopseza ntchitozi. Kuphatikiza apo, antchito aluso kwambiri amakonda kuchita mwapadera ntchito zomwe zimathandizira makina, monga kupanga ndi kukonza maloboti, kuyang'anira, ndi kuwongolera. Chifukwa cha automation, kufunikira kwa ogwira ntchito aluso kwambiri ndi malipiro awo kumatha kukwera.

Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2017, a McKinsey Global Institute adatulutsa lipoti (5) momwe adawerengera kuti kuyenda kosalekeza kwa makina opangira makina kumatha kuchepetsa ntchito 2030 miliyoni ku United States kokha pofika chaka cha 73. "Zochita zokha ndizofunikira kwambiri tsogolo la ogwira ntchito," Elliot Dinkin, katswiri wodziwika bwino wamsika wantchito, adatero mu lipotilo. "Komabe, pali zisonyezo kuti zotsatira zake pakuchepetsa ntchito zitha kukhala zochepa kuposa momwe amayembekezera."

Dinkin akunenanso kuti, nthawi zina, makina amathandizira kukula kwa bizinesi ndipo motero amalimbikitsa kukula kwa ntchito m'malo motaya ntchito. Mu 1913, Ford Motor Company inayambitsa mzere wa msonkhano wamagalimoto, kuchepetsa nthawi ya msonkhano wa galimoto kuchoka pa maola 12 kufika pafupifupi ola limodzi ndi theka, ndikulola kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kupanga. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, makampani opanga magalimoto akupitirizabe kuonjezera makina ndipo ... akugwiritsabe ntchito anthu - mu 2011-2017, ngakhale kuti amadzipangira okha, chiwerengero cha ntchito mu makampaniwa chinawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 50%.

Kuchulukirachulukira kumabweretsa mavuto, chitsanzo chaposachedwa chomwe ndi chomera cha Tesla ku California, komwe, monga Elon Musk mwiniwake adavomereza, makinawo adakokomeza. Izi ndi zomwe akatswiri ofufuza kuchokera ku kampani yotchuka ya Wall Street Bernstein anena. Elon Musk adatengera Tesla kwambiri. Makinawa, omwe wamasomphenyayo nthawi zambiri ankanena kuti asintha malonda a magalimoto, adawonongera kampaniyo ndalama zambiri moti kwa kanthawi panali nkhani yoti Tesla akhoza kubweza ndalama.

Malo opangira makina a Tesla omwe ali pafupi ndi makina a Fremont, California, m'malo mofulumizitsa ndikuwongolera magalimoto atsopano, abweretsa mavuto kwa kampaniyo. Chomeracho sichinathe kupirira ntchito yotulutsa mwachangu mtundu watsopano wagalimoto ya Tesli 3 (Onaninso: ). Njira yopangira zinthu idayesedwa kuti ndi yofuna kwambiri, yowopsa komanso yovuta. "Tesla amawononga ndalama zowirikiza kawiri kuposa momwe amapangira magalimoto apamtundu uliwonse," ofufuza a Berstein adalemba pakuwunika kwawo. "Kampaniyi yaitanitsa maloboti ambiri a Kuka. Sikuti kupondaponda, kupenta ndi kuwotcherera (monganso opanga ena ambiri) kumangochitika zokha, kuyesayesa kwapangidwa kuti kupangitse msonkhano womaliza. Apa Tesla akuwoneka kuti ali ndi mavuto (komanso kuwotcherera ndi kusonkhanitsa mabatire).

Bernstein akuwonjezera kuti opanga makina akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ndi a ku Japan, akuyesera kuchepetsa makina opangira makina chifukwa "ndiwokwera mtengo komanso osagwirizana ndi khalidwe." Njira ya ku Japan ndiyoti muyambe ndondomekoyi poyamba ndikubweretsa ma robot. Musk anachita zosiyana. Ofufuza akuwonetsa kuti makampani ena amagalimoto omwe ayesa kupanga 100 peresenti ya njira zawo zopangira, kuphatikiza zimphona ngati Fiat ndi Volkswagen, nawonso alephera.

5. Mlingo wonenedweratu wa kusintha kwa ntchito ya anthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zopangira makina.

Obera amakonda makampani

zotheka kufulumizitsa chitukuko ndi kutumiza matekinoloje a automation. Tidalemba za izi mu imodzi mwazolemba zaposachedwa za MT. Ngakhale kuti makina amatha kubweretsa ubwino wambiri ku makampani, tisaiwale kuti chitukuko chake chimabwera ndi zovuta zatsopano, chimodzi mwa zazikulu zomwe ndi chitetezo. Mu lipoti laposachedwa la NTT, lotchedwa "Global Threat Intelligence Report 2020", mwa zina, zambiri zomwe, mwachitsanzo, ku UK ndi Ireland, kupanga mafakitale ndi gawo lovutitsidwa kwambiri la cyber. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ziwopsezo zonse zalembedwa mderali, pomwe 21% ya ziwopsezo padziko lonse lapansi zimadalira omwe akuukira pa intaneti kuti azisanthula machitidwe ndi chitetezo.

"Kupanga mafakitale kukuwoneka kuti ndi imodzi mwamafakitale omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi kuba zinthu zanzeru," lipoti la NTT likutero, koma makampaniwa akulimbananso ndi "kuchulukira kwa data, zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi. .” ndi ngozi za zofooka zosagwirizana.”

Pothirira ndemanga pa lipotilo, Rory Duncan wa NTT Ltd. anagogomezera kuti: "Chitetezo chosauka cha teknoloji ya mafakitale chadziwika kale - machitidwe ambiri amapangidwira ntchito, mphamvu ndi kutsata, osati chitetezo cha IT." M'mbuyomu, adadaliranso mtundu wina wa "kubisala". Ma protocol, mawonekedwe, ndi zolumikizirana m'makinawa nthawi zambiri zinali zovuta komanso zaumwini, komanso zosiyana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina azidziwitso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa omwe akuukirawo kuti aukire bwino. Pamene makina ochulukirachulukira akuwonekera pamanetiweki, ma hackers amapanga zatsopano ndikuwona makinawa ngati osatetezeka kuukira. "

Alangizi achitetezo a IOActive posachedwapa adayambitsa cyberattack pamakina a robotics zamakampani kuti apereke umboni kuti zitha kusokoneza mabungwe akulu. "M'malo mobisa deta, wowukirayo amatha kuwukira zida zazikulu za roboti kuti loboti isagwire ntchito mpaka dipo litalipidwa," ofufuzawo akutero. Kuti atsimikizire chiphunzitso chawo, oimira IOActive adayang'ana kwambiri NAO, loboti yodziwika bwino yofufuza ndi maphunziro. Ili ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito "pafupifupi" ndi zofooka monga Pepper yotchuka kwambiri ya SoftBank. Kuwukiraku kumagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chosalembedwa kuti chiwongolere patali pamakina.

Kenako mutha kuletsa magwiridwe antchito, kusintha mawonekedwe a roboti, ndikulozeranso deta kuchokera kumakanema onse ndi makanema kupita ku seva yakutali pa intaneti. Masitepe otsatirawa akuphatikizira kukweza ufulu wa ogwiritsa ntchito, kuphwanya njira yokhazikitsira fakitale, ndikuyika mafayilo onse kukumbukira. Mwanjira ina, amatha kuvulaza loboti kapena kuwopseza munthu.

Ngati njira yodzipangira yokha sikutsimikizira chitetezo, imachedwetsa ndondomekoyi. Ndizovuta kulingalira kuti ndi chikhumbo chofuna kupanga makina ndi roboti momwe mungathere, wina anganyalanyaze gawo la chitetezo.