Zoyenera kuchita ngati giya yoyamba ikuyaka moyipa

Njira yoyambira galimoto kuchokera pamalo ndikusintha magiya amaphunzitsidwa kusukulu yoyendetsa galimoto, ndipo dalaivala aliyense amadziwa momwe angachitire. Zilibe kanthu ngati galimoto yake ali ndi Buku kapena mmodzi wa mitundu ya kufala basi (zodziwikiratu kufala). Koma posakhalitsa, mabokosi onse amayamba kulephera, omwe amadziwonetsera okha m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa zida zovuta.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zida zoyambira popanda kuwononga gearbox

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito giya yoyamba yofunikira poyambira bwino, ngati muli ndi bokosi lamanja lamanja, kanikizani chopondapo cha clutch kenako ndikusuntha chowongolera pamalo oyenera.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati lever "ikupuma" ndipo zida sizikufuna kuyatsidwa - siziphunzitsa kusukulu. Kapena salabadira kwambiri. Muyenera kutsitsimutsa kukumbukira zomwe zimachitika m'galimoto.

Mukasuntha magiya, njira zingapo zimachitika:

• kufooketsa chopondapo chowongolera kumapereka kupuma kwa torque kuchokera ku flywheel ya injini kupita ku shaft yolowera ya bokosi la gear, chimbale choyendetsa chimatulutsa choyendetsedwa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholimba pakati pake ndi pamwamba pa flywheel;
• bokosi la bokosi limayima kapena limachepetsa kuthamanga kwa kuzungulira, mikhalidwe yabwino imapangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zida zoyambira;
• chifukwa cha kuyanjanitsa kwathunthu kwa liwiro, kotero kuti mano azichita popanda kukhudzidwa komanso mwakachetechete, synchronizer imagwiritsidwa ntchito - chipangizo chomwe chimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa zida ziwiri zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi chachiwiri;
• synchronizer idzafunika nthawi kuti ikwaniritse ntchito zake, ndipo zimatengera kusiyana koyambirira kwa liwiro lozungulira, komanso kukwanira kwa clutch dissengagement;
• kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi, magiya akugwira ntchito, liwiro limatsegulidwa, mukhoza kumasula clutch.

Kuti muchepetse kuvala komanso kusweka, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa:

• clutch iyenera kusinthidwa bwino, ndiye kuti, iyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndipo osapereka gawo la mphindiyo chifukwa cha kukangana kotsalira;
• ndi zofunika kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa liwiro la zida, ndiye katundu pa synchronizer adzakhala otsika;
• musathamangire kusinthana ndikukankhira chopumira chopumira, padzakhala kusweka kwa synchronizer ndi kuvala kowopsa kosapeweka.

Galimoto ikayima, simuyenera kuwonjezera liwiro musanatulutse clutch, popeza liwiro la ma shafts liwonjezeke, muyenera kuzimitsa mphamvu yochulukirapo mwa kukangana mu synchronizer. Kanikizani accelerator pokhapokha mutayatsa liwiro.

Momwe mungasinthire magiya, kusintha zolakwika

Ngati galimoto ikugubuduza, ndiye kuti zotsutsana nazo zimachitika, synchronizer iyenera kufulumizitsa shaft yolowera, yomwe imathera nthawi ndi gawo lazinthu zake. Mutha kumuthandiza podziwa bwino njira yopumira. Izi zidaphunzitsidwa kwa oyendetsa magalimoto pomwe ma gearbox osalumikizana kwathunthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Njira yosinthira "pansi", ndiye kuti, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira wachiwiri kupita woyamba ndi galimoto yoyenda, zikuwoneka motere:

• pansi pa kutulutsidwa kwa gasi ndi kayendedwe kosalala, lever imasamutsidwa kuchoka pa gear yachiwiri kupita ku ndale, izi sizidzawononga bokosi mwanjira iliyonse ngakhale popanda kukhumudwitsa clutch, simukusowa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu;
• mwa kukanikiza accelerator, zosintha zimawonjezedwa kwa zomwe galimoto ingayende pa liwiro lopatsidwa mu giya loyamba, kuphatikiza malire a nthawi yosinthira;
• clutch pedal imakanikizidwa mwachangu komanso nthawi imodzi, mpweya umatulutsidwa, liwiro lofunidwa limatsegulidwa, clutch ikugwira ntchito, gasi amawonjezedwanso.

Ngati mumvetsetsa mfundo ya ntchito ya synchronizers bokosi ndi kudziwa njira yosavuta regassing kuti automatism, izi zidzawonjezera gwero gearbox pafupifupi wathunthu kuvala ndi kung'ambika ndi kutaya galimoto lonse, bokosi limakhala "losatha". Ndipo clutch yokhala ndi luso loyendetsa mwaluso pafupifupi siyitha.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwamakanika

Vuto lalikulu lomwe limakulepheretsani kuyika zida pabokosi lamakina ndi kutulutsidwa kwa clutch kosakwanira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:

• Kuwonongeka kwa makina kapena ma hydraulic drive kuchokera pa pedal kupita kumalo otulutsa;
• deformation kapena chiyambi cha chiwonongeko cha diski yoyendetsedwa ndi zitsulo zake;
• kupindika kwa diaphragm petal spring of pressure plate (dengu);
• pedal osakhumudwa kwathunthu ndi dalaivala;
• kutsekeka kwa chotengera chothandizira shaft.

Clutch, monga iwo amati, "amatsogolera", tsinde lozungulira la bokosi silimapereka kuyesayesa kwa mphete yotchinga ya synchronizer. Chophimbacho chimasamutsidwa ku malo oyambirira a giya pokhapokha ndi khama lalikulu, lomwe limatsagana ndi crunch ndi kugwedezeka kwa galimoto yonse.

Pakhoza kukhala mavuto mu bokosi lokha. Chilichonse chimakhala chovuta kwambiri pamenepo, mungafunike kukonza makinawo, kusintha ma synchronizer clutch msonkhano ndi magiya. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mafoloko osinthira amatha, kusewera kumawonekera muzitsulo za shaft, ndipo mafuta opatsirana omwe amatsanuliridwa mu crankcase amataya katundu wake.

Pafupifupi macheke onsewa amakonzedwa pafupifupi mofanana, zomwe zimathandizira kumvetsetsa mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito komanso zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto. Mkhalidwewu ndi wovuta kwambiri ndi "automatic"

Mavuto ndi kusintha magiya pa kufala basi

Muzotengera zodziwikiratu, mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndikuti magiya onse amakhala, titero, amangoyaka. Kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha magiya pamakina a mapulaneti kumayendetsedwa ndi ma braking ndi kukonza magiya ena achibale ndi ena.

Pachifukwa ichi, mapaketi a friction disc amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma analogi ena a clutch, omwe amapanikizidwa ndi ma pistoni a hydraulic.

Kuwongolera koyenera kwamafuta mu dongosolo la hydraulic system kumapangidwa ndi pampu yamafuta, ndikugawidwa ndi hydraulic unit yokhala ndi solenoids - ma valve amagetsi. Amalamulidwa ndi gawo lowongolera zamagetsi lomwe limayang'anira kuwerengera kwa masensa ake.

Kulephera kwa Shift kumachitika pazifukwa zingapo:

• kusowa kwa ntchito yapampu yamafuta, kuthamanga kwapansi;
• kuwonongeka kwa solenoids chifukwa cha kutsekeka, kuvala kapena dzimbiri;
• mafuta omwe amakhala ngati maziko a kufala kwadzidzidzi samakwaniritsa zofunikira, koma amakalamba ndikukhala odetsedwa, ndizomwe zimayambitsa mavuto onse;
• zowotcha zomangira zowotcha;
• gawo lowongolera lidazindikira kuti silikuyenda bwino ndikuyika bokosilo munjira yadzidzidzi.

Monga lamulo, makina amtundu wa hydraulic automatic amasintha nthawi zambiri ndikulephera ndipo amawonetsa zovuta pakuphwanya magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma jerks, kusankha magiya osakwanira, kutenthedwa ndi zizindikiro zolakwika. Zonsezi ziyenera kuthetsedwa mwamsanga.

Njira Zothetsera Mavuto

Pogwira ntchito yopatsirana, chilichonse chimatsimikiziridwa ndi njira zodzitetezera. M'pofunika kusintha mafuta mu mayunitsi mu nthawi, osati kulabadira zitsimikizo za malangizo kuti anadzazidwa kumeneko kwamuyaya. Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta opangira mafuta okha pamagulu ofunikira malinga ndi kulolerana ndi khalidwe.

Kutumiza kwadzidzidzi sikukonda mitundu yamasewera, kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi ndi accelerator kukanikizidwa kwathunthu, kapena kutsetsereka kwa mawilo oyendetsa. Pambuyo pa masewera olimbitsa thupi, mafuta amapeza fungo loyaka moto, osachepera ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi fyuluta.

Pakutumiza kwamakina, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe clutch ilili, m'malo mwake zizindikiro zoyamba za kutsetsereka kapena kutsekeka kosakwanira zikuwonekera. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochulukirapo pa lever, gearbox yogwiritsidwa ntchito imasintha mosavuta komanso mwakachetechete. Njira yomwe tafotokozera kale ya kubwereza ndi yothandiza kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti kulimba.

Ngati vutoli likuwonekerabe m'bokosi, ndiye kuti musayesetse kukonza nokha. Ma gearbox, onse odziwikiratu komanso owongolera, ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo amafunikira osati chidziwitso chokha, komanso luso pakukonza. Ayenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino pakukonza mayunitsi okhala ndi zida zoyenera.

Izi ndizowona makamaka pamafayilo odziwikiratu, pomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda phindu kukwera ndi zida za woyendetsa. Ngakhale kusintha kosavuta kwa mafuta kumakhala kosiyana ndi ntchito yomweyi yotumizira pamanja kapena injini.

Chipangizo chofewa kwambiri ndi CVT yotumiza yokha. M'malo mwake, chosinthiracho ndi chosavuta, koma kukhazikitsa kothandiza kumafuna zaka zambiri zachitukuko ndi kuyesa. N’kupusa kuganiza kuti akhoza kungopasuka ndi kukonzedwa. Izi, ndi msonkhano wina, zimachitika pa ma scooters otsika mphamvu, koma osati pamagalimoto.

Kwa kudzipha paokha, mtundu umodzi wokha wokonzekera ukhoza kusiyanitsa - kusintha kwa clutch. Ndi zoperewera, chifukwa simuyenera kuchita izi popanda maphunziro a robot ndi mabokosi osankhidwa.

Nthawi zambiri, clutch yatsopano imathetsa vuto lakusintha kwa zida zovuta poyambira.