Zichitika ndi chiyani ku EV?

Ndi njira ziti zomwe e-kuyenda ingatenge vutoli litatha?

Limodzi mwamafunso ambiri omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mliri wapano ndi zomwe zidzachitike pakuyenda kwamagetsi. Zimasokoneza makhadi kwambiri mumasewerawa ndipo zinthu zimasintha tsiku lililonse.

Poyang'ana koyamba, chilichonse chikuwoneka bwino - pankhani ya "ndalama zowotcha" zazikulu komanso nthawi yayitali yotseka mabizinesi, limodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, komwe kudzatsagana ndi kuyimitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali pamsika, nkhokwe zambiri zachuma. zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi makampani zidzachepa, ndipo nawo zolinga zachuma zidzasintha. Zolinga zogulira izi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuyenda kwamagetsi, komwe pakadali pano akadali achichepere.

Chilichonse chimawoneka chomveka ...

Mliriwu usanachitike, chilichonse chinkawoneka bwino - makampani anali kutenga njira ina yomanga magalimoto amagetsi, koma mulimonse, m'zaka zaposachedwa, palibe amene adachepetsa chiyembekezo chakuyenda kwamagetsi. Chilichonse chomwe chimamveka ngati "chobiriwira" kapena "buluu" chakhala maziko a malonda, ndipo ndalama kumbali iyi zalemetsa bajeti yayikulu yachitukuko yamakampani. Pambuyo pavuto lachipata cha dizilo, Volkswagen adatembenukira mwamphamvu kumayendedwe amagetsi poika ndalama zambiri popanga nsanja zatsopano za MEB ndi PPE zopangidwira magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi mawonekedwe onse amtundu uwu. Panalibe njira yobwerera. Makampani ambiri a ku China atenga njira yofanana ndi mwayi wopeza maudindo m'misika yakunja yomwe sanathe kulowamo, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwaukadaulo komanso kutsika kwazinthu zawo. GM ndi Hyundai/Kia apanganso nsanja "zamagetsi",

ndipo Ford wagwirizana ndi VW. Daimler akupangabe ma EVs konsekonse, koma kukonzekera nsanja yamagetsi yamagetsi kulinso pafupifupi kwathunthu. Njira zamakampani monga PSA / Opel ndi BMW ndizosiyana, zomwe njira zawo zatsopano zimathandizira kusinthasintha, ndiye kuthekera kophatikiza ma drive onse, kuphatikiza ma plug-ins ndi zida zamagetsi zonse. Pa dzanja lachitatu, pali zosankha, monga Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi CMF-EV nsanja kapena Toyota e-TNGA, yomwe ili kutali kwambiri ndi zida zoyambirira za CMF ndi TNGA zomwe zitha kuwoneka zatsopano nsanja zamagetsi.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, ntchito zambiri zidachitika zovuta zisanachitike. Chomera cha VW's Zwickau, chomwe chimayenera kupanga magalimoto amagetsi okha, chili ndi zida zokwanira komanso zokonzeka kupita, ndipo makampani omwe amamanga magalimoto amagetsi pamapulatifomu okhazikika asintha kale kupanga. Ambiri a iwo amapanga ndi kupanga ma motors awo amagetsi ndi mabatire. Komabe, tiyenera kunena kuti ndi mabatire pankhaniyi tikutanthauza machitidwe ozungulira monga zotsekera, zamagetsi zamagetsi, kuziziritsa ndi kutentha. The "mankhwala pachimake" mabatire lifiyamu-ion ikuchitika ndi makampani angapo akuluakulu monga CATL China, Japan Sanyo / Panasonic, ndi Korea LG Chem ndi Samsung. Onse pamodzi ndi mabatire, mavuto opanga adabuka ngakhale asanatseke mafakitale amagalimoto ndipo anali okhudzana ndi maunyolo operekera - kuchokera ku zipangizo zomwe zimafunikira ndi opanga ma cell kupita ku maselo omwe ayenera kufika ku makampani a galimoto.

Ma Paradigms

Komabe, mavuto ogulitsa ndi mafakitale otsekedwa amangopanga utoto wamakono. Momwe e-kuyenda idzasinthira zimadalira kutha kwa mavuto pambuyo pake. Sizikudziwika pakadali pano kuti ndalama zopulumutsa ku EU zipita kuti zizigulitsa magalimoto, ndipo ndizomveka. Pamavuto am'mbuyomu (kuyambira 2009), mayuro 7,56 biliyoni adapita kumakampani opanga magalimoto ngati ngongole yobwezeretsa. Vutoli palokha lakakamiza opanga ndalama kuti agwiritse ntchito matekinoloje atsopano opangira kuti athe kukonzekera bwino zoterezi. Kupanga magalimoto tsopano kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri komanso kosavuta kusintha kusinthasintha komwe kukufunika, ndipo izi zikuphatikiza zosankha zingapo zoyimitsa ndikuyamba kupanga. Zomwe sizikutanthauza kuti izi ndizosavuta. Mwanjira iliyonse, makampani pakadali pano akukonzekera mapulani A, B ndi C, kutengera momwe zinthu zikuyendera. America ikukhulupirira kuti kutsitsa kapu yamafuta (yomwe ku Europe imachepetsa mpweya woipa) kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa mafuta, popeza mitengo yotsika pano siyoyenera opanga mafuta, ambiri mwa iwo ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuchotsa mafuta osakongola kuchokera ku shale. Komabe, mitengo yotsika yamafuta ndikuchotsedwa kwa chikhululukiro zikugunda kuyenda kosalekeza kwamagetsi, komwe ndalama zake zimadalira kwambiri ndalama zothandizira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira momwe ma subside awa adzasinthidwire, zomwe zawapangitsa kukhala osangalatsa kugula m'maiko monga Norway ndipo, posachedwapa, Germany. Ayenera kubwera kuchokera kumisonkho kumayiko, ndipo ikugwa kwambiri pomwe ndalama zachuma zikukwera. Ngati mavutowa atenga nthawi yayitali, mayiko angakonzekere kupereka ndalama zamagalimoto zamagetsi ndi makampani kuti akule bwino? Chotsatirachi chimagwiranso ntchito pamakina oyaka mkati.

Mbali inayo ya ndalama

Komabe, pakhoza kukhala malingaliro osiyana kotheratu a zinthu. Ndalama zambiri zomwe European Union ndi United States (za GM ndi Chrysler) adagwiritsa ntchito pamakampani azamagalimoto pamavuto azachuma a 2009 amayenera kupangidwira ukadaulo wobiriwira. Kwa opanga aku Europe, komabe, izi zimangowonjezera ndalama zambiri m'madizilo "oyera", ndikuchepetsa injini zamafuta. Zoyambilira zidasokonekera mu 2015, ndipo poyambitsa kuchepetsedwa kochulukirapo kwa mpweya woipa, magalimoto amagetsi adabwera patsogolo. Makampani ngati Tesla tsopano akukwaniritsidwa. 

Malinga ndi omwe adayambitsa filosofi yobiriwira, ndivuto lomwe liripo lomwe likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa makina kumawononga dziko lapansi, ndipo iyi ndi lipenga lalikulu kumbali iyi. Kumbali ina, chilichonse chimafunikira ndalama, ndipo opanga atha kupempha kuti awonenso momwe angalipiritsire chindapusa chotulutsa mpweya wambiri. Zomwe zikuchitika pakupanga zinthu zitha kukhala mkangano wamphamvu kumbali iyi, ndipo monga tidanenera, mitengo yotsika yamafuta imapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zachuma pakuyenda kwamagetsi - kuphatikiza mabizinesi azinthu zongowonjezwdwa ndi ma network olipira. Tisaiwale mu equation omwe amapanga ma cell a lithiamu-ion, omwe akugulitsa mabiliyoni ambiri m'mafakitale atsopano komanso omwe "akuwotcha ndalama" pakadali pano. Kodi chigamulo china chingatengedwe pambuyo pavutoli - kuloza mapaketi olimbikitsa kwambiri kuyeretsa matekinoloje amagetsi? Zatsala kuti ziwoneke. 

Pakadali pano, tilengeza mndandanda womwe tikufotokozereni zovuta zamagetsi zamagetsi, kuphatikiza njira zopangira, matekinoloje amagetsi amagetsi ndi mabatire.