Kodi mungasinthe bwanji ma spark plugs? Moyo wowonjezera wautumiki
Dalaivala aliyense ali ndi chidwi ndi funsoli: Kodi pulagi yokhazikika imatha nthawi yayitali bwanji? Palibe yankho lotsimikizika, chifukwa moyo wautumiki umadalira zinthu zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kandulo imatha kugwirabe ntchito, koma kusiyana pakati pa ma elekitirodi kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, kutenthako kudzakhala kofooka kwambiri ndipo sikungathe kuyatsa kusakaniza kwa mpweya wamafuta. Chotsatira chake, injini "idzagwedezeka", ndiko kuti, padzakhala mavuto pakugwira ntchito kwa silinda imodzi kapena zingapo. Ichi ndi chizindikiro choonekeratu kuti chinachake chiyenera kusintha.
Pa tsamba lathu la Vodi.su, tidalembapo zolemba za kuyika makandulo ndi kusankha kwawo kolondola. M'nkhani zamasiku ano, tikambirana za moyo wawo wautumiki.
Moyo wautumiki
Kumbukirani kuti pakali pano pali kusankha kwakukulu kwa makandulo. Choyamba, amasiyana pakupanga zinthu:
- zitsulo zosagwira kutentha (mkuwa, chromium, nickel);
- iridium;
- platinamu;
- bimetallic - zigawo zazikulu ndi zogwirira ntchito zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana kapena ma alloys.
Amasiyanitsidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa maelekitirodi ndi njira yoyatsira osakaniza: awiri kapena ma electrode ambiri. Palinso makandulo ndi makandulo a plasma-prechamber, momwe kuyatsa kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a spark kuchokera ku cone resonator. Amaonedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri komanso otsogola, ngakhale pali oyendetsa galimoto omwe anganene kuti izi sizowona.
Choncho, moyo wautumiki umadalira zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira komanso njira yoyatsira. Makandulo a Platinum ndi iridium multi-electrode, malinga ndi opanga, sayenera kusinthidwa pamtunda wa makilomita 100. thamanga. Mu malo aliwonse othandizira, adzakuuzani kuti ngakhale makandulo apamwambawa ayenera kusinthidwa pambuyo pa 20 zikwi. Ngati muli ndi makandulo otsika mtengo kwambiri kuchokera ku chomera cha Ufa, ndiye kuti samaphimba mtunda wopitilira 10 km.
"Zizindikiro" za ma spark plugs otha
Njira yabwino yodziwira ndikuwunika kowonekera. Kukhalapo kwa mwaye pa siketi ndi insulator kumasonyeza mavuto. Ndi ati? Webusaiti yathu ya Vodi.su ili ndi nkhani yokhudza soot, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana: bulauni, yofiira, yakuda. Koma kuti mutulutse makandulo kuchokera pa cylinder block ya galimoto yamakono, muyenera kuthera nthawi mukusewera ndi wrench ya makandulo. Ndipo sizowona kuti mumangitsa makandulo molondola. Choncho, oyendetsa galimoto kulabadira zizindikiro zoperekedwa ndi injini:
- zolephera pa ntchito, galimoto imanjenjemera pa liwiro lotsika, masitepe osalowerera ndale - spark imalumphira mosiyanasiyana mu pistoni;
- kuchuluka kwamafuta - chifukwa cha kufooka kofooka, kusakaniza sikumawotcha;
- kutsika mphamvu ndi kukanikiza.
Zoonadi, galimoto yamakono ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri ndipo zizindikirozi zingasonyezenso zowonongeka ndi zovuta zina, monga mavuto a pampu ya jekeseni, poyatsira moto, kapena fyuluta ya mpweya yotsekedwa.
Ngati mwasankha kumasula makandulo ndikuwaganizira mosamala, mfundo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kufunika kosintha:
- kuchuluka kwa kusiyana - kutengera mtundu, kuyenera kukhala kosaposa mamilimita angapo (kumbukirani kuti kusiyana kukuwonetsedwa muzolemba);
- kukhalapo kwa mwaye;
- kukhalapo kwa ming'alu mu insulator ya ceramic;
- mapangidwe a "skirt" amtundu wa bulauni.
Samalani mfundo iyi: ngati mwaye ndi wofanana pa makandulo onse, izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuyatsa molakwika. Ngati mtundu wake ndi wosiyana kapena pali ma depositi a carbon pa makandulo amodzi okha, ndiye kuti ayenera kusinthidwa. Ngakhale, ngati mtunda uli wokwera, ndiye kuti mutha kusintha zida zonse.
Chifukwa chiyani ma spark plugs amalephera msanga?
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuvala mofulumira ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana mu mafuta. Choyamba, ndi sulfure, chifukwa maelekitirodi mbali yokutidwa ndi ❖ kuyanika bulauni pambuyo makilomita zikwi zingapo. Ngati mafuta a sulfure mumafuta (onse a petulo ndi dizilo) ali pamwamba pa 0,1 peresenti, ndiye kuti moyo wa mapulagiwo umachepetsedwa ndi theka. Chifukwa cha ma electrode a slag, njira yowotchera imakulirakulira ndipo kusiyana kumawonjezeka.
Nthawi zambiri, petulo imakhala ndi zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi kugogoda, zomwe zimawonjezera nambala ya octane. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwawo kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ma depositi otsogolera pamakoma amkati a silinda, ma valve ndi ma spark plugs.
Madalaivala amakumananso ndi zochitika monga kusweka kwa kandulo pansi, kuwonongeka mkati mwa insulator. Izi, kachiwiri, chifukwa cha mapangidwe a carbon madipoziti okhala ndi zitsulo particles. Mutuwu ndi wovuta kwambiri, umafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane muzolemba zamakono. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kotereku, kutulutsa sikuchitika, motero, kusakaniza kwa mpweya wamafuta sikuyaka mu imodzi mwa masilindala.
Ngati makandulo "amawuluka" nthawi zambiri, iyi ndi nthawi yoti mufufuze zonse za injini. Kuvala kwa injini kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito ake onse, kuphatikiza kuyatsa. Akatswiri atha kutchula zifukwa zambiri: zovuta ndi koyilo yoyatsira, wogawa, zisindikizo za valavu. Komanso, pazochitika zilizonse, zifukwa zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri.
Kusankha makandulo abwino
M'malo mwake, njira yosavuta yowasankhira molondola ndikusankha polemba. Mutha kukhazikitsa makandulo abwinoko, monga iridium kapena platinamu, tochi kapena laser. Ganiziraninso kuchuluka kwa kuwala, kusiyana ndi kukula kwake.
Spark plug azitha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yonse yolengezedwa ndi wopanga pamalo abwino. Ife tiribe zimenezo. Chifukwa chake, khalani okonzekera kuti muyenera kusintha kale.
Tikutsegula...
