Kodi kuchuluka kwa petulo ndi kotani?

Zinthu zomwe kachulukidwe wa mafuta amatsimikiziridwa

Palibe mgwirizano wachindunji pakati pa mtundu wa petulo (izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku kachulukidwe ka mafuta a dizilo kapena kachulukidwe ka palafini), popeza miyeso yonse iyenera kuchitika pa kutentha kwina. Panopa GOST R 32513-2013 imayika kutentha kotereku pa 15ºС, pomwe muyezo wakale - GOST 305-82 - amawona kutentha uku kukhala 20ºС. Chifukwa chake, pogula mafuta, sikofunikira kufunsa kuti kachulukidwe kake kameneka kamatsimikiziridwa ndi chiyani. Zotsatira, monga ndi ma hydrocarbons onse, zidzasiyana kwambiri. Mphamvu yokoka ya petulo ndi yofanana ndi kachulukidwe kake, pomwe chomalizacho chimayesedwa mu kg / l.

Kachulukidwe mafuta mu kg/m³ nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati chopunthwitsa pa ubale pakati pa wopanga ndi wogula mafuta ambiri. Vuto ndiloti ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu batch kumachepa, pamene voliyumu yake imakhalabe pamlingo womwewo. Kusiyanaku kumatha kufika mazana ndi masauzande a malita, koma pogula mafuta ogulitsa, izi sizofunikira kwenikweni.

Ndi kachulukidwe, mutha kukhazikitsanso mtundu wamafuta omwe mafuta amapangidwa. Kwa mafuta olemera, omwe ali ndi sulfure wochuluka, kachulukidwe kake ndi kochuluka, ngakhale kuti ntchito zambiri za petulo sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a mafuta oyambirira, teknoloji yoyenera ya distillation imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa petulo kumayesedwa bwanji?

Mafuta aliwonse ndi osakaniza amadzimadzi a hydrocarbon omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha distillation yamafuta ochepa. Ma hydrocarbons awa amatha kugawidwa m'magulu onunkhira, omwe amakhala ndi mphete za maatomu a carbon, ndi ma aliphatic compounds, omwe amakhala ndi unyolo wowongoka wa kaboni. Choncho, mafuta ndi gulu la mankhwala, osati osakaniza enieni, kotero mapangidwe ake akhoza kusiyana kwambiri.

Njira yosavuta yodziwira kachulukidwe kanyumba ndi motere:

1. Chidebe chilichonse chomaliza maphunziro chimasankhidwa ndikuyesedwa.
2. Zotsatira zalembedwa.
3. Chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi 100 ml ya petulo komanso kuyeza.
4. Kulemera kwa chidebe chopanda kanthu kumachotsedwa pa kulemera kwa chidebe chodzaza.
5. Zotsatira zake zimagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe anali mu thanki. Izi zidzakhala kuchuluka kwamafuta.

Ngati muli ndi hydrometer, mutha kuyeza munjira ina. Hydrometer ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya Archimedes poyeza mphamvu yokoka inayake. Mfundo imeneyi imati chinthu choyandama m’madzi chimachotsa madzi ochuluka mofanana ndi kulemera kwa chinthucho. Malinga ndi zisonyezo za sikelo ya hydrometer, gawo lofunikira limayikidwa.

Miyezo yake ndi motere:

1. Lembani chidebe chowonekera ndikuyika mosamala hydrometer mu petulo.
2. Tembenuzani hydrometer kuti mutulutse thovu lililonse la mpweya ndikulola chidacho kuti chikhazikike pamwamba pa mafuta. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa thovu la mpweya chifukwa lidzawonjezera kuwonjezereka kwa hydrometer.
3. Khazikitsani hydrometer kuti pamwamba pa mafuta azikhala pamlingo wamaso.
4. Lembani mtengo wa sikelo yolingana ndi mlingo wapamtunda wa petulo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha kumene kuyeza kunachitika kumalembedwanso.

Nthawi zambiri mafuta ali ndi kachulukidwe mumitundu ya 700 ... 780 kg / m³, malingana ndi kapangidwe kake. Mafuta onunkhira amakhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa ma aliphatic, chifukwa chake mtengo wake ukhoza kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta awa mu petulo.

Nthawi zambiri, ma pycnometers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta (onani GOST 3900-85), popeza zida izi zamadzimadzi osasunthika komanso otsika kwambiri sizimasiyana pakukhazikika kwa zomwe amawerenga.

Kuchuluka kwa petulo AI-92

Muyezowu umatsimikizira kuti kachulukidwe ka mafuta osasunthika a AI-92 kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 760 ± 10 kg / m.³. Miyezo iyenera kuchitidwa pa kutentha kwa 15^ºC.

Kuchuluka kwa petulo AI-95

Mtengo wokhazikika wa kachulukidwe ka mafuta a AI-95, omwe adayezedwa pa kutentha kwa 15.^ºC, wofanana ndi 750±5kg/m³.

Kuchuluka kwa petulo AI-100

Chizindikiro cha mafuta awa - Lukoil Ecto 100 - amayika chizindikiro cha kachulukidwe, kg / m.³, mkati mwa 725…750 (komanso pa 15^ºC).

Petroli. Makhalidwe ake ndi ndalama zanu! Gawo loyamba - Kuchulukana!